diff --git a/kernel/Makefile b/kernel/Makefile
index 117d5cbf..653e2e6d 100644
--- a/kernel/Makefile
+++ b/kernel/Makefile
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ LD_LIST := head.o
 OBJ_LIST := head.o
 
 
-kernel_subdirs := common driver process debug
+kernel_subdirs := common driver process debug filesystem
 	
 
 
@@ -78,14 +78,6 @@ cpu.o: common/cpu.c
 softirq.o: exception/softirq.c
 	gcc $(CFLAGS) -c exception/softirq.c -o exception/softirq.o
 
-fat32.o: filesystem/fat32/fat32.c
-	gcc $(CFLAGS) -c filesystem/fat32/fat32.c -o filesystem/fat32/fat32.o
-
-MBR.o: filesystem/MBR.c
-	gcc $(CFLAGS) -c filesystem/MBR.c -o filesystem/MBR.o
-
-VFS.o: filesystem/VFS/VFS.c
-	gcc $(CFLAGS) -c filesystem/VFS/VFS.c -o filesystem/VFS/VFS.o
 
 # IPI的代码
 ifeq ($(ARCH), __x86_64__)
@@ -164,7 +156,7 @@ all: kernel
 	echo "Done."
 
 
-kernel: head.o entry.o main.o printk.o trap.o mm.o slab.o irq.o pic.o sched.o syscall.o multiboot2.o cpu.o acpi.o ps2_keyboard.o ps2_mouse.o ata.o pci.o ahci.o smp.o apu_boot.o rtc.o HPET.o softirq.o timer.o fat32.o MBR.o VFS.o $(OBJ_LIST)
+kernel: head.o entry.o main.o printk.o trap.o mm.o slab.o irq.o pic.o sched.o syscall.o multiboot2.o cpu.o acpi.o ps2_keyboard.o ps2_mouse.o ata.o pci.o ahci.o smp.o apu_boot.o rtc.o HPET.o softirq.o timer.o $(OBJ_LIST)
 	
 	@list='$(kernel_subdirs)'; for subdir in $$list; do \
     		echo "make all in $$subdir";\
diff --git a/kernel/filesystem/Makefile b/kernel/filesystem/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c3287936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/filesystem/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+
+CFLAGS += -I .
+
+all: fat32.o MBR.o VFS.o fat_ent.o
+
+
+fat32.o: fat32/fat32.c
+	gcc $(CFLAGS) -c fat32/fat32.c -o fat32/fat32.o
+
+MBR.o: MBR.c
+	gcc $(CFLAGS) -c MBR.c -o MBR.o
+
+VFS.o: VFS/VFS.c
+	gcc $(CFLAGS) -c VFS/VFS.c -o VFS/VFS.o
+
+fat_ent.o: fat32/fat_ent.c
+	gcc $(CFLAGS) -c fat32/fat_ent.c -o fat32/fat_ent.o
+
+clean:
+	echo "Done."
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/kernel/filesystem/VFS/VFS.h b/kernel/filesystem/VFS/VFS.h
index a0746705..815d7e0f 100644
--- a/kernel/filesystem/VFS/VFS.h
+++ b/kernel/filesystem/VFS/VFS.h
@@ -107,7 +107,13 @@ struct vfs_super_block_operations_t
  */
 struct vfs_inode_operations_t
 {
-    long (*create)(struct vfs_index_node_t *inode, struct vfs_dir_entry_t *dEntry, int mode);
+    /**
+     * @brief 创建新的文件
+     * @param inode 要被创建的文件的inode结构体
+     * @param parent_dEntry 父目录的dentry
+     * @param mode 创建模式
+     */
+    long (*create)(struct vfs_index_node_t *inode, struct vfs_dir_entry_t *parent_dEntry, int mode);
     /**
      * @brief 在文件系统中查找指定的目录项
      * @param parent_inode 父目录项（在这个目录下查找）
diff --git a/kernel/filesystem/fat32/fat32.c b/kernel/filesystem/fat32/fat32.c
index fe2ac27c..24390908 100644
--- a/kernel/filesystem/fat32/fat32.c
+++ b/kernel/filesystem/fat32/fat32.c
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <mm/slab.h>
 #include <common/errno.h>
 #include <common/stdio.h>
+#include "fat_ent.h"
 
 struct vfs_super_block_operations_t fat32_sb_ops;
 struct vfs_dir_entry_operations_t fat32_dEntry_ops;
@@ -54,58 +55,6 @@ static uint8_t fat32_ChkSum(uint8_t *name)
     }
     return chksum;
 }
-/**
- * @brief 读取指定簇的FAT表项
- *
- * @param fsbi fat32超级块私有信息结构体
- * @param cluster 指定簇
- * @return uint32_t 下一个簇的簇号
- */
-uint32_t fat32_read_FAT_entry(fat32_sb_info_t *fsbi, uint32_t cluster)
-{
-    // 计算每个扇区内含有的FAT表项数
-    // FAT每项4bytes
-    uint32_t fat_ent_per_sec = (fsbi->bytes_per_sec >> 2); // 该值应为2的n次幂
-
-    uint32_t buf[256];
-    memset(buf, 0, fsbi->bytes_per_sec);
-
-    // 读取一个sector的数据，
-    ahci_operation.transfer(AHCI_CMD_READ_DMA_EXT, fsbi->FAT1_base_sector + (cluster / fat_ent_per_sec), 1,
-                            (uint64_t)&buf, fsbi->ahci_ctrl_num, fsbi->ahci_port_num);
-
-    // 返回下一个fat表项的值（也就是下一个cluster）
-    return buf[cluster & (fat_ent_per_sec - 1)] & 0x0fffffff;
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief 写入指定簇的FAT表项
- *
- * @param fsbi fat32超级块私有信息结构体
- * @param cluster 指定簇
- * @param value 要写入该fat表项的值
- * @return uint32_t errcode
- */
-uint32_t fat32_write_FAT_entry(fat32_sb_info_t *fsbi, uint32_t cluster, uint32_t value)
-{
-    // 计算每个扇区内含有的FAT表项数
-    // FAT每项4bytes
-    uint32_t fat_ent_per_sec = (fsbi->bytes_per_sec >> 2); // 该值应为2的n次幂
-    uint32_t *buf = kmalloc(fsbi->bytes_per_sec, 0);
-    memset(buf, 0, fsbi->bytes_per_sec);
-
-    ahci_operation.transfer(AHCI_CMD_READ_DMA_EXT, fsbi->FAT1_base_sector + (cluster / fat_ent_per_sec), 1,
-                            (uint64_t)buf, fsbi->ahci_ctrl_num, fsbi->ahci_port_num);
-
-    buf[cluster & (fat_ent_per_sec - 1)] = (buf[cluster & (fat_ent_per_sec - 1)] & 0xf0000000) | (value & 0x0fffffff);
-    // 向FAT1和FAT2写入数据
-    ahci_operation.transfer(AHCI_CMD_WRITE_DMA_EXT, fsbi->FAT1_base_sector + (cluster / fat_ent_per_sec), 1,
-                            (uint64_t)buf, fsbi->ahci_ctrl_num, fsbi->ahci_port_num);
-    ahci_operation.transfer(AHCI_CMD_WRITE_DMA_EXT, fsbi->FAT2_base_sector + (cluster / fat_ent_per_sec), 1,
-                            (uint64_t)buf, fsbi->ahci_ctrl_num, fsbi->ahci_port_num);
-    kfree(buf);
-    return 0;
-}
 
 /**
  * @brief 在父目录中寻找指定的目录项
@@ -671,32 +620,32 @@ long fat32_read(struct vfs_file_t *file_ptr, char *buf, int64_t count, long *pos
  * @param fsbi fat32超级块信息结构体
  * @return uint64_t 空闲簇号（找不到则返回0）
  */
-uint64_t fat32_find_available_cluster(fat32_sb_info_t *fsbi)
-{
-    uint64_t sec_per_fat = fsbi->sec_per_FAT;
+// uint64_t fat32_find_available_cluster(fat32_sb_info_t *fsbi)
+// {
+//     uint64_t sec_per_fat = fsbi->sec_per_FAT;
 
-    // 申请1扇区的缓冲区
-    uint32_t *buf = (uint32_t *)kmalloc(fsbi->bytes_per_sec, 0);
-    int ent_per_sec = (fsbi->bytes_per_sec >> 2);
-    for (int i = 0; i < sec_per_fat; ++i)
-    {
-        memset(buf, 0, fsbi->bytes_per_sec);
+//     // 申请1扇区的缓冲区
+//     uint32_t *buf = (uint32_t *)kmalloc(fsbi->bytes_per_sec, 0);
+//     int ent_per_sec = (fsbi->bytes_per_sec >> 2);
+//     for (int i = 0; i < sec_per_fat; ++i)
+//     {
+//         memset(buf, 0, fsbi->bytes_per_sec);
 
-        ahci_operation.transfer(AHCI_CMD_READ_DMA_EXT, fsbi->FAT1_base_sector + i, 1, (uint64_t)buf, fsbi->ahci_ctrl_num, fsbi->ahci_port_num);
-        // 依次检查簇是否空闲
-        for (int j = 0; j < ent_per_sec; ++j)
-        {
-            // 找到空闲簇
-            if ((buf[j] & 0x0fffffff) == 0)
-            {
-                kfree(buf);
-                return i * ent_per_sec + j;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    kfree(buf);
-    return 0;
-}
+//         ahci_operation.transfer(AHCI_CMD_READ_DMA_EXT, fsbi->FAT1_base_sector + i, 1, (uint64_t)buf, fsbi->ahci_ctrl_num, fsbi->ahci_port_num);
+//         // 依次检查簇是否空闲
+//         for (int j = 0; j < ent_per_sec; ++j)
+//         {
+//             // 找到空闲簇
+//             if ((buf[j] & 0x0fffffff) == 0)
+//             {
+//                 kfree(buf);
+//                 return i * ent_per_sec + j;
+//             }
+//         }
+//     }
+//     kfree(buf);
+//     return 0;
+// }
 
 /**
  * @brief 向fat32文件系统写入数据
@@ -712,7 +661,7 @@ long fat32_write(struct vfs_file_t *file_ptr, char *buf, int64_t count, long *po
     fat32_sb_info_t *fsbi = (fat32_sb_info_t *)(file_ptr->dEntry->dir_inode->sb->private_sb_info);
 
     // First cluster num of the file
-    uint64_t cluster = finode->first_clus;
+    uint32_t cluster = finode->first_clus;
     int64_t flags = 0;
 
     // kdebug("fsbi->bytes_per_clus=%d fsbi->sec_per_clus=%d finode->first_clus=%d *position=%d", fsbi->bytes_per_clus, fsbi->sec_per_clus, finode->first_clus, *position);
@@ -724,9 +673,13 @@ long fat32_write(struct vfs_file_t *file_ptr, char *buf, int64_t count, long *po
 
     if (!cluster) // 起始簇号为0，说明是空文件
     {
-        // 找一个可用的簇
-        cluster = fat32_find_available_cluster(fsbi);
-        flags = 1;
+        // // 找一个可用的簇
+        // cluster = fat32_find_available_cluster(fsbi);
+        // flags = 1;
+
+        // 分配空闲簇
+        if (fat32_alloc_clusters(file_ptr->dEntry->dir_inode, &cluster, 1) != 0)
+            return -ENOSPC;
     }
     else
     {
@@ -739,14 +692,14 @@ long fat32_write(struct vfs_file_t *file_ptr, char *buf, int64_t count, long *po
     if (!cluster)
         return -ENOSPC;
 
-    if (flags) // 空文件
-    {
-        // kdebug("empty file");
-        finode->first_clus = cluster;
-        // 写入目录项
-        file_ptr->dEntry->dir_inode->sb->sb_ops->write_inode(file_ptr->dEntry->dir_inode);
-        fat32_write_FAT_entry(fsbi, cluster, 0x0ffffff8); // 写入fat表项
-    }
+    // if (flags) // 空文件
+    // {
+    //     // kdebug("empty file");
+    //     finode->first_clus = cluster;
+    //     // 写入目录项
+    //     file_ptr->dEntry->dir_inode->sb->sb_ops->write_inode(file_ptr->dEntry->dir_inode);
+    //     fat32_write_FAT_entry(fsbi, cluster, 0x0ffffff8); // 写入fat表项
+    // }
 
     int64_t bytes_remain = count;
 
@@ -809,15 +762,13 @@ long fat32_write(struct vfs_file_t *file_ptr, char *buf, int64_t count, long *po
             break;
         if (next_clus >= 0x0ffffff8) // 已经到达了最后一个簇，需要分配新簇
         {
-            next_clus = fat32_find_available_cluster(fsbi);
-            if (!next_clus) // 没有空闲簇
+            if(fat32_alloc_clusters(file_ptr->dEntry->dir_inode, &next_clus, 1) != 0)
             {
+                 // 没有空闲簇
                 kfree(tmp_buffer);
                 return -ENOSPC;
             }
-            // 将簇加入到文件末尾
-            fat32_write_FAT_entry(fsbi, cluster, next_clus);
-            fat32_write_FAT_entry(fsbi, next_clus, 0x0ffffff8);
+            
             cluster = next_clus; // 切换当前簇
             flags = 1;           // 标记当前簇是新分配的簇
         }
@@ -896,99 +847,20 @@ struct vfs_file_operations_t fat32_file_ops =
         .readdir = fat32_readdir,
 };
 
-// todo: create
-long fat32_create(struct vfs_index_node_t *inode, struct vfs_dir_entry_t *dentry, int mode)
-{
-}
-
 /**
- * @brief 在父亲inode的目录项簇中，寻找连续num个空的目录项
- *
- * @param parent_inode 父inode
- * @param num 请求的目录项数量
- * @param mode 操作模式
- * @param res_sector 返回信息：缓冲区对应的扇区号
- * @param res_cluster 返回信息：缓冲区对应的簇号
- * @param res_data_buf_base 返回信息：缓冲区的内存基地址（记得要释放缓冲区内存）
- * @return struct fat32_Directory_t* 符合要求的entry的指针（指向地址高处的空目录项，也就是说，有连续num个≤这个指针的空目录项）
+ * @brief 创建新的文件
+ * @param inode 要被创建的文件的inode结构体
+ * @param parent_dEntry 父目录的dentry
+ * @param mode 创建模式
  */
-struct fat32_Directory_t *fat32_find_empty_dentry(struct vfs_index_node_t *parent_inode, uint32_t num, uint32_t mode, uint32_t *res_sector, uint64_t *res_cluster, uint64_t *res_data_buf_base)
+long fat32_create(struct vfs_index_node_t *inode, struct vfs_dir_entry_t *parent_dEntry, int mode)
 {
-    kdebug("find empty_dentry");
-    struct fat32_inode_info_t *finode = (struct fat32_inode_info_t *)parent_inode->private_inode_info;
-    fat32_sb_info_t *fsbi = (fat32_sb_info_t *)parent_inode->sb->private_sb_info;
-
-    uint8_t *buf = kmalloc(fsbi->bytes_per_clus, 0);
-    memset(buf, 0, fsbi->bytes_per_clus);
-
-    // 计算父目录项的起始簇号
-    uint32_t cluster = finode->first_clus;
-
-    struct fat32_Directory_t *tmp_dEntry = NULL;
-    // 指向最终的有用的dentry的指针
-    struct fat32_Directory_t *result_dEntry = NULL;
-
-    while (true)
-    {
-        // 计算父目录项的起始LBA扇区号
-        uint64_t sector = fsbi->first_data_sector + (cluster - 2) * fsbi->sec_per_clus;
-
-        // 读取父目录项的起始簇数据
-        ahci_operation.transfer(AHCI_CMD_READ_DMA_EXT, sector, fsbi->sec_per_clus, (uint64_t)buf, fsbi->ahci_ctrl_num, fsbi->ahci_port_num);
-        tmp_dEntry = (struct fat32_Directory_t *)buf;
-        // 计数连续的空目录项
-        uint32_t count_continuity = 0;
-
-        // 查找连续num个空闲目录项
-        for (int i = 0; (i < fsbi->bytes_per_clus) && count_continuity < num; i += 32, ++tmp_dEntry)
-        {
-            if (!(tmp_dEntry->DIR_Name[0] == 0xe5 || tmp_dEntry->DIR_Name[0] == 0x00))
-            {
-                count_continuity = 0;
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (count_continuity == 0)
-                result_dEntry = tmp_dEntry;
-            ++count_continuity;
-        }
-
-        // 成功查找到符合要求的目录项
-        if (count_continuity == num)
-        {
-            result_dEntry += (num - 1);
-            *res_sector = sector;
-            *res_data_buf_base = (uint64_t)buf;
-            *res_cluster = cluster;
-            return result_dEntry;
-        }
-
-        // 当前簇没有发现符合条件的空闲目录项，寻找下一个簇
-        uint old_cluster = cluster;
-        cluster = fat32_read_FAT_entry(fsbi, cluster);
-        if (cluster >= 0x0ffffff7) // 寻找完父目录的所有簇，都没有找到符合要求的空目录项
-        {
-            // 新增一个簇
-            cluster = fat32_find_available_cluster(fsbi);
-            kdebug("try to allocate a new cluster to parent dentry, cluster=%d, old_cluster=%d", cluster, old_cluster);
-            if (cluster == 0)
-            {
-                kerror("Cannot allocate a new cluster!");
-                while (1)
-                    pause();
-            }
-            fat32_write_FAT_entry(fsbi, old_cluster, cluster);
-            fat32_write_FAT_entry(fsbi, cluster, 0x0ffffff8);
-
-            // 将这个新的簇清空
-            sector = fsbi->first_data_sector + (cluster - 2) * fsbi->sec_per_clus;
-            void *tmp_buf = kmalloc(fsbi->bytes_per_clus, 0);
-            memset(tmp_buf, 0, fsbi->bytes_per_clus);
-            ahci_operation.transfer(AHCI_CMD_WRITE_DMA_EXT, sector, fsbi->sec_per_clus, (uint64_t)tmp_buf, fsbi->ahci_ctrl_num, fsbi->ahci_port_num);
-            kfree(tmp_buf);
-        }
-    }
+    // 文件系统超级块信息
+    fat32_sb_info_t *fsbi = (fat32_sb_info_t *)parent_dEntry->dir_inode->sb->private_sb_info;
+    // 父目录项的inode的私有信息
+    struct fat32_inode_info_t *parent_inode_info = (struct fat32_inode_info_t *)parent_dEntry->dir_inode->private_inode_info;
 }
+
 /**
  * @brief 创建文件夹
  * @param inode 父目录的inode
@@ -997,8 +869,7 @@ struct fat32_Directory_t *fat32_find_empty_dentry(struct vfs_index_node_t *paren
  */
 int64_t fat32_mkdir(struct vfs_index_node_t *parent_inode, struct vfs_dir_entry_t *dEntry, int mode)
 {
-
-    // 先检查是否有重名的目录项，然后分配一个簇
+    int64_t retval = 0;
 
     // 文件系统超级块信息
     fat32_sb_info_t *fsbi = (fat32_sb_info_t *)parent_inode->sb->private_sb_info;
@@ -1010,6 +881,7 @@ int64_t fat32_mkdir(struct vfs_index_node_t *parent_inode, struct vfs_dir_entry_
 
     // 计算总共需要多少个目录项
     uint32_t cnt_longname = (dEntry->name_length + 25) / 26;
+    // 默认都是创建长目录项来存储
     if (cnt_longname == 0)
         cnt_longname = 1;
 
@@ -1022,9 +894,17 @@ int64_t fat32_mkdir(struct vfs_index_node_t *parent_inode, struct vfs_dir_entry_
     struct fat32_Directory_t *empty_fat32_dentry = fat32_find_empty_dentry(parent_inode, cnt_longname + 1, 0, &tmp_dentry_sector, &tmp_parent_dentry_clus, &tmp_dentry_clus_buf_addr);
     kdebug("found empty dentry");
     // ====== 为新的文件夹分配一个簇 =======
-    uint32_t new_dir_clus = fat32_find_available_cluster(fsbi);
-    kdebug("new_dir_clus=%d", new_dir_clus);
-    fat32_write_FAT_entry(fsbi, new_dir_clus, 0x0ffffff8);
+    // uint32_t new_dir_clus = fat32_find_available_cluster(fsbi);
+    // kdebug("new_dir_clus=%d", new_dir_clus);
+    // fat32_write_FAT_entry(fsbi, new_dir_clus, 0x0ffffff8);
+
+    // ====== 为新的文件夹分配一个簇 =======
+    uint32_t new_dir_clus;
+    if (fat32_alloc_clusters(parent_inode, &new_dir_clus, 1) != 0)
+    {
+        retval = -ENOSPC;
+        goto fail;
+    }
 
     // ====== 填写短目录项
     memset(empty_fat32_dentry, 0, sizeof(struct fat32_Directory_t));
@@ -1106,7 +986,7 @@ int64_t fat32_mkdir(struct vfs_index_node_t *parent_inode, struct vfs_dir_entry_
         new_dir_dentries->DIR_Name[0] = '.';
         for (int i = 1; i < 11; ++i)
             new_dir_dentries->DIR_Name[i] = 0x20;
-        
+
         new_dir_dentries->DIR_FstClusHI = empty_fat32_dentry->DIR_FstClusHI;
         new_dir_dentries->DIR_FstClusLO = empty_fat32_dentry->DIR_FstClusLO;
 
@@ -1157,6 +1037,10 @@ int64_t fat32_mkdir(struct vfs_index_node_t *parent_inode, struct vfs_dir_entry_
     kfree((void *)tmp_dentry_clus_buf_addr);
 
     return 0;
+fail:;
+    // 释放在find empty dentry中动态申请的缓冲区
+    kfree((void *)tmp_dentry_clus_buf_addr);
+    return retval;
 }
 
 // todo: rmdir
diff --git a/kernel/filesystem/fat32/fat32.h b/kernel/filesystem/fat32/fat32.h
index f73fffde..326c183c 100644
--- a/kernel/filesystem/fat32/fat32.h
+++ b/kernel/filesystem/fat32/fat32.h
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ typedef struct fat32_partition_info_t fat32_sb_info_t;
 
 struct fat32_inode_info_t
 {
-    uint64_t first_clus;    // 文件的起始簇号
+    uint32_t first_clus;    // 文件的起始簇号
     uint64_t dEntry_location_clus;        // fat entry的起始簇号 dEntry struct in cluster (0 is root, 1 is invalid)
     uint64_t dEntry_location_clus_offset; // fat entry在起始簇中的偏移量(是第几个entry) dEntry struct offset in cluster
 
diff --git a/kernel/filesystem/fat32/fat_ent.c b/kernel/filesystem/fat32/fat_ent.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a0e85200
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/filesystem/fat32/fat_ent.c
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+#include "fat_ent.h"
+#include <driver/disk/ahci/ahci.h>
+#include <common/errno.h>
+#include <mm/slab.h>
+
+/**
+ * @brief 请求分配指定数量的簇
+ *
+ * @param inode 要分配簇的inode
+ * @param clusters 返回的被分配的簇的簇号结构体
+ * @param num_clusters 要分配的簇的数量
+ * @return int 错误码
+ */
+int fat32_alloc_clusters(struct vfs_index_node_t *inode, uint32_t *clusters, int32_t num_clusters)
+{
+    int retval = 0;
+
+    fat32_sb_info_t *fsbi = (fat32_sb_info_t *)inode->sb->private_sb_info;
+    struct fat32_inode_info_t *finode = (struct fat32_inode_info_t *)inode->private_inode_info;
+
+    uint64_t sec_per_fat = fsbi->sec_per_FAT;
+
+    // todo: 对alloc的过程加锁
+
+    // 申请1扇区的缓冲区
+    uint32_t *buf = (uint32_t *)kmalloc(fsbi->bytes_per_sec, 0);
+    int ent_per_sec = (fsbi->bytes_per_sec >> 2);
+    int clus_idx = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < sec_per_fat; ++i)
+    {
+        if (clus_idx >= num_clusters)
+            goto done;
+        memset(buf, 0, fsbi->bytes_per_sec);
+
+        ahci_operation.transfer(AHCI_CMD_READ_DMA_EXT, fsbi->FAT1_base_sector + i, 1, (uint64_t)buf, fsbi->ahci_ctrl_num, fsbi->ahci_port_num);
+        // 依次检查簇是否空闲
+        for (int j = 0; j < ent_per_sec; ++j)
+        {
+            if (clus_idx >= num_clusters)
+                goto done;
+            // 找到空闲簇
+            if ((buf[j] & 0x0fffffff) == 0)
+            {
+                clusters[clus_idx] = i * ent_per_sec + j;
+                ++clus_idx;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    // 空间不足
+    retval = -ENOSPC;
+
+done:;
+    kfree(buf);
+    if (retval == 0) // 成功
+    {
+        int cluster, idx;
+        if (finode->first_clus == 0)
+        {
+            // 空文件
+            finode->first_clus = clusters[0];
+            cluster = finode->first_clus;
+            // 写入inode到磁盘
+            inode->sb->sb_ops->write_inode(inode);
+            idx = 1;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // todo: 跳转到文件当前的最后一个簇
+            idx = 0;
+            int tmp_clus = finode->first_clus;
+            while (true)
+            {
+                tmp_clus = fat32_read_FAT_entry(fsbi, cluster);
+                if (tmp_clus < 0x0ffffff7)
+                    cluster = tmp_clus;
+                else
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // 写入fat表
+        for (int i = idx; i < num_clusters; ++i)
+        {
+            fat32_write_FAT_entry(fsbi, cluster, clusters[i]);
+            cluster = clusters[i];
+        }
+        fat32_write_FAT_entry(fsbi, cluster, 0x0ffffff8);
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else // 出现错误
+    {
+        if (clus_idx < num_clusters)
+            fat32_free_clusters(inode, clusters[0]);
+        return retval;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 释放从属于inode的，从cluster开始的所有簇
+ *
+ * @param inode 指定的文件的inode
+ * @param cluster 指定簇
+ * @return int 错误码
+ */
+int fat32_free_clusters(struct vfs_index_node_t *inode, int32_t cluster)
+{
+    // todo: 释放簇
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 读取指定簇的FAT表项
+ *
+ * @param fsbi fat32超级块私有信息结构体
+ * @param cluster 指定簇
+ * @return uint32_t 下一个簇的簇号
+ */
+uint32_t fat32_read_FAT_entry(fat32_sb_info_t *fsbi, uint32_t cluster)
+{
+    // 计算每个扇区内含有的FAT表项数
+    // FAT每项4bytes
+    uint32_t fat_ent_per_sec = (fsbi->bytes_per_sec >> 2); // 该值应为2的n次幂
+
+    uint32_t buf[256];
+    memset(buf, 0, fsbi->bytes_per_sec);
+
+    // 读取一个sector的数据，
+    ahci_operation.transfer(AHCI_CMD_READ_DMA_EXT, fsbi->FAT1_base_sector + (cluster / fat_ent_per_sec), 1,
+                            (uint64_t)&buf, fsbi->ahci_ctrl_num, fsbi->ahci_port_num);
+
+    // 返回下一个fat表项的值（也就是下一个cluster）
+    return buf[cluster & (fat_ent_per_sec - 1)] & 0x0fffffff;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief 写入指定簇的FAT表项
+ *
+ * @param fsbi fat32超级块私有信息结构体
+ * @param cluster 指定簇
+ * @param value 要写入该fat表项的值
+ * @return uint32_t errcode
+ */
+uint32_t fat32_write_FAT_entry(fat32_sb_info_t *fsbi, uint32_t cluster, uint32_t value)
+{
+    // 计算每个扇区内含有的FAT表项数
+    // FAT每项4bytes
+    uint32_t fat_ent_per_sec = (fsbi->bytes_per_sec >> 2); // 该值应为2的n次幂
+    uint32_t *buf = kmalloc(fsbi->bytes_per_sec, 0);
+    memset(buf, 0, fsbi->bytes_per_sec);
+
+    ahci_operation.transfer(AHCI_CMD_READ_DMA_EXT, fsbi->FAT1_base_sector + (cluster / fat_ent_per_sec), 1,
+                            (uint64_t)buf, fsbi->ahci_ctrl_num, fsbi->ahci_port_num);
+
+    buf[cluster & (fat_ent_per_sec - 1)] = (buf[cluster & (fat_ent_per_sec - 1)] & 0xf0000000) | (value & 0x0fffffff);
+    // 向FAT1和FAT2写入数据
+    ahci_operation.transfer(AHCI_CMD_WRITE_DMA_EXT, fsbi->FAT1_base_sector + (cluster / fat_ent_per_sec), 1,
+                            (uint64_t)buf, fsbi->ahci_ctrl_num, fsbi->ahci_port_num);
+    ahci_operation.transfer(AHCI_CMD_WRITE_DMA_EXT, fsbi->FAT2_base_sector + (cluster / fat_ent_per_sec), 1,
+                            (uint64_t)buf, fsbi->ahci_ctrl_num, fsbi->ahci_port_num);
+    kfree(buf);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * @brief 在父亲inode的目录项簇中，寻找连续num个空的目录项
+ *
+ * @param parent_inode 父inode
+ * @param num 请求的目录项数量
+ * @param mode 操作模式
+ * @param res_sector 返回信息：缓冲区对应的扇区号
+ * @param res_cluster 返回信息：缓冲区对应的簇号
+ * @param res_data_buf_base 返回信息：缓冲区的内存基地址（记得要释放缓冲区内存！！！！）
+ * @return struct fat32_Directory_t* 符合要求的entry的指针（指向地址高处的空目录项，也就是说，有连续num个≤这个指针的空目录项）
+ */
+struct fat32_Directory_t *fat32_find_empty_dentry(struct vfs_index_node_t *parent_inode, uint32_t num, uint32_t mode, uint32_t *res_sector, uint64_t *res_cluster, uint64_t *res_data_buf_base)
+{
+    kdebug("find empty_dentry");
+    struct fat32_inode_info_t *finode = (struct fat32_inode_info_t *)parent_inode->private_inode_info;
+    fat32_sb_info_t *fsbi = (fat32_sb_info_t *)parent_inode->sb->private_sb_info;
+
+    uint8_t *buf = kmalloc(fsbi->bytes_per_clus, 0);
+    memset(buf, 0, fsbi->bytes_per_clus);
+
+    // 计算父目录项的起始簇号
+    uint32_t cluster = finode->first_clus;
+
+    struct fat32_Directory_t *tmp_dEntry = NULL;
+    // 指向最终的有用的dentry的指针
+    struct fat32_Directory_t *result_dEntry = NULL;
+
+    while (true)
+    {
+        // 计算父目录项的起始LBA扇区号
+        uint64_t sector = fsbi->first_data_sector + (cluster - 2) * fsbi->sec_per_clus;
+
+        // 读取父目录项的起始簇数据
+        ahci_operation.transfer(AHCI_CMD_READ_DMA_EXT, sector, fsbi->sec_per_clus, (uint64_t)buf, fsbi->ahci_ctrl_num, fsbi->ahci_port_num);
+        tmp_dEntry = (struct fat32_Directory_t *)buf;
+        // 计数连续的空目录项
+        uint32_t count_continuity = 0;
+
+        // 查找连续num个空闲目录项
+        for (int i = 0; (i < fsbi->bytes_per_clus) && count_continuity < num; i += 32, ++tmp_dEntry)
+        {
+            if (!(tmp_dEntry->DIR_Name[0] == 0xe5 || tmp_dEntry->DIR_Name[0] == 0x00))
+            {
+                count_continuity = 0;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (count_continuity == 0)
+                result_dEntry = tmp_dEntry;
+            ++count_continuity;
+        }
+
+        // 成功查找到符合要求的目录项
+        if (count_continuity == num)
+        {
+            result_dEntry += (num - 1);
+            *res_sector = sector;
+            *res_data_buf_base = (uint64_t)buf;
+            *res_cluster = cluster;
+            return result_dEntry;
+        }
+
+        // 当前簇没有发现符合条件的空闲目录项，寻找下一个簇
+        uint64_t old_cluster = cluster;
+        cluster = fat32_read_FAT_entry(fsbi, cluster);
+        if (cluster >= 0x0ffffff7) // 寻找完父目录的所有簇，都没有找到符合要求的空目录项
+        {
+
+            // 新增一个簇
+
+            if (fat32_alloc_clusters(parent_inode, &cluster, 1) != 0)
+            {
+                kerror("Cannot allocate a new cluster!");
+                while (1)
+                    pause();
+            }
+
+            // 将这个新的簇清空
+            sector = fsbi->first_data_sector + (cluster - 2) * fsbi->sec_per_clus;
+            void *tmp_buf = kmalloc(fsbi->bytes_per_clus, 0);
+            memset(tmp_buf, 0, fsbi->bytes_per_clus);
+            ahci_operation.transfer(AHCI_CMD_WRITE_DMA_EXT, sector, fsbi->sec_per_clus, (uint64_t)tmp_buf, fsbi->ahci_ctrl_num, fsbi->ahci_port_num);
+            kfree(tmp_buf);
+        }
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/kernel/filesystem/fat32/fat_ent.h b/kernel/filesystem/fat32/fat_ent.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..092460d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/filesystem/fat32/fat_ent.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "fat32.h"
+#include <filesystem/VFS/VFS.h>
+
+/**
+ * @brief 请求分配指定数量的簇
+ * 
+ * @param inode 要分配簇的inode
+ * @param clusters 返回的被分配的簇的簇号结构体
+ * @param num_clusters 要分配的簇的数量
+ * @return int 错误码
+ */
+int fat32_alloc_clusters(struct vfs_index_node_t *inode, uint32_t *clusters, int32_t num_clusters);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 释放从属于inode的，从cluster开始的所有簇
+ * 
+ * @param inode 指定的文件的inode
+ * @param cluster 指定簇
+ * @return int 错误码
+ */
+int fat32_free_clusters(struct vfs_index_node_t * inode, int32_t cluster);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 读取指定簇的FAT表项
+ *
+ * @param fsbi fat32超级块私有信息结构体
+ * @param cluster 指定簇
+ * @return uint32_t 下一个簇的簇号
+ */
+uint32_t fat32_read_FAT_entry(fat32_sb_info_t *fsbi, uint32_t cluster);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 写入指定簇的FAT表项
+ *
+ * @param fsbi fat32超级块私有信息结构体
+ * @param cluster 指定簇
+ * @param value 要写入该fat表项的值
+ * @return uint32_t errcode
+ */
+uint32_t fat32_write_FAT_entry(fat32_sb_info_t *fsbi, uint32_t cluster, uint32_t value);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 在父亲inode的目录项簇中，寻找连续num个空的目录项
+ *
+ * @param parent_inode 父inode
+ * @param num 请求的目录项数量
+ * @param mode 操作模式
+ * @param res_sector 返回信息：缓冲区对应的扇区号
+ * @param res_cluster 返回信息：缓冲区对应的簇号
+ * @param res_data_buf_base 返回信息：缓冲区的内存基地址（记得要释放缓冲区内存！！！！）
+ * @return struct fat32_Directory_t* 符合要求的entry的指针（指向地址高处的空目录项，也就是说，有连续num个≤这个指针的空目录项）
+ */
+struct fat32_Directory_t *fat32_find_empty_dentry(struct vfs_index_node_t *parent_inode, uint32_t num, uint32_t mode, uint32_t *res_sector, uint64_t *res_cluster, uint64_t *res_data_buf_base);