diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/driver/mod.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/driver/mod.rs
index fc9ed153..076387a4 100644
--- a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/driver/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/driver/mod.rs
@@ -2,3 +2,4 @@ pub mod apic;
 mod c_adapter;
 pub mod hpet;
 pub mod tsc;
+pub mod video;
diff --git a/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/driver/video/mod.rs b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/driver/video/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9f567cb8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/src/arch/x86_64/driver/video/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+use crate::driver::video::fbdev::vesafb::vesafb_early_init;
+
+/// 在内存管理初始化之前，初始化视频驱动（架构相关）
+pub fn arch_video_early_init() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+    vesafb_early_init()?;
+    return Ok(());
+}
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/base/block/block_device.rs b/kernel/src/driver/base/block/block_device.rs
index cede3f1f..466cad04 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/base/block/block_device.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/base/block/block_device.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 /// 引入Module
 use crate::{
     driver::base::{
-        device::{mkdev, Device, DeviceError, DeviceNumber, IdTable, BLOCKDEVS},
+        device::{
+            device_number::{DeviceNumber, Major},
+            Device, DeviceError, IdTable, BLOCKDEVS,
+        },
         map::{
             DeviceStruct, DEV_MAJOR_DYN_END, DEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_END, DEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_START,
-            DEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE, DEV_MAJOR_MAX, MINOR_MASK,
+            DEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE, DEV_MAJOR_MAX,
         },
     },
     kerror,
@@ -328,37 +331,40 @@ impl BlockDeviceOps {
     /// @parameter: major: 主设备号
     /// @return: 返回下标
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    fn major_to_index(major: usize) -> usize {
-        return major % DEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE;
+    fn major_to_index(major: Major) -> usize {
+        return (major.data() % DEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE as u32) as usize;
     }
 
     /// @brief: 动态获取主设备号
     /// @parameter: None
     /// @return: 如果成功，返回主设备号，否则，返回错误码
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    fn find_dynamic_major() -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+    fn find_dynamic_major() -> Result<Major, SystemError> {
         let blockdevs = BLOCKDEVS.lock();
         // 寻找主设备号为234～255的设备
-        for index in (DEV_MAJOR_DYN_END..DEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE).rev() {
-            if let Some(item) = blockdevs.get(index) {
+        for index in ((DEV_MAJOR_DYN_END.data())..DEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE).rev() {
+            if let Some(item) = blockdevs.get(index as usize) {
                 if item.is_empty() {
-                    return Ok(index); // 返回可用的主设备号
+                    return Ok(Major::new(index)); // 返回可用的主设备号
                 }
             }
         }
         // 寻找主设备号在384～511的设备
-        for index in (DEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_END + 1..DEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_START + 1).rev() {
-            if let Some(blockdevss) = blockdevs.get(Self::major_to_index(index)) {
+        for index in
+            ((DEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_END.data() + 1)..(DEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_START.data() + 1)).rev()
+        {
+            if let Some(blockdevss) = blockdevs.get(Self::major_to_index(Major::new(index as u32)))
+            {
                 let mut flag = true;
                 for item in blockdevss {
-                    if item.device_number().major() == index {
+                    if item.device_number().major() == Major::new(index as u32) {
                         flag = false;
                         break;
                     }
                 }
                 if flag {
                     // 如果数组中不存在主设备号等于index的设备
-                    return Ok(index); // 返回可用的主设备号
+                    return Ok(Major::new(index)); // 返回可用的主设备号
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -373,7 +379,7 @@ impl BlockDeviceOps {
     #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub fn register_blockdev_region(
         from: DeviceNumber,
-        count: usize,
+        count: u32,
         name: &'static str,
     ) -> Result<DeviceNumber, SystemError> {
         Self::__register_blockdev_region(from, count, name)
@@ -386,11 +392,15 @@ impl BlockDeviceOps {
     /// @return: 如果注册成功，返回，否则，返回false
     #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub fn alloc_blockdev_region(
-        baseminor: usize,
-        count: usize,
+        baseminor: u32,
+        count: u32,
         name: &'static str,
     ) -> Result<DeviceNumber, SystemError> {
-        Self::__register_blockdev_region(mkdev(0, baseminor), count, name)
+        Self::__register_blockdev_region(
+            DeviceNumber::new(Major::UNNAMED_MAJOR, baseminor),
+            count,
+            name,
+        )
     }
 
     /// @brief: 注册设备号
@@ -400,25 +410,25 @@ impl BlockDeviceOps {
     /// @return: 如果注册成功，返回设备号，否则，返回错误码
     fn __register_blockdev_region(
         device_number: DeviceNumber,
-        minorct: usize,
+        minorct: u32,
         name: &'static str,
     ) -> Result<DeviceNumber, SystemError> {
         let mut major = device_number.major();
         let baseminor = device_number.minor();
         if major >= DEV_MAJOR_MAX {
             kerror!(
-                "DEV {} major requested {} is greater than the maximum {}\n",
+                "DEV {} major requested {:?} is greater than the maximum {}\n",
                 name,
                 major,
-                DEV_MAJOR_MAX - 1
+                DEV_MAJOR_MAX.data() - 1
             );
         }
-        if minorct > MINOR_MASK + 1 - baseminor {
+        if minorct > DeviceNumber::MINOR_MASK + 1 - baseminor {
             kerror!("DEV {} minor range requested ({}-{}) is out of range of maximum range ({}-{}) for a single major\n",
-                name, baseminor, baseminor + minorct - 1, 0, MINOR_MASK);
+                name, baseminor, baseminor + minorct - 1, 0, DeviceNumber::MINOR_MASK);
         }
-        let blockdev = DeviceStruct::new(mkdev(major, baseminor), minorct, name);
-        if major == 0 {
+        let blockdev = DeviceStruct::new(DeviceNumber::new(major, baseminor), minorct, name);
+        if major == Major::UNNAMED_MAJOR {
             // 如果主设备号为0,则自动分配主设备号
             major = Self::find_dynamic_major().expect("Find synamic major error.\n");
         }
@@ -444,7 +454,8 @@ impl BlockDeviceOps {
             }
             items.insert(insert_index, blockdev);
         }
-        return Ok(mkdev(major, baseminor));
+
+        return Ok(DeviceNumber::new(major, baseminor));
     }
 
     /// @brief: 注销设备号
@@ -454,7 +465,7 @@ impl BlockDeviceOps {
     /// @return: 如果注销成功，返回()，否则，返回错误码
     fn __unregister_blockdev_region(
         device_number: DeviceNumber,
-        minorct: usize,
+        minorct: u32,
     ) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
         if let Some(items) = BLOCKDEVS
             .lock()
@@ -478,7 +489,7 @@ impl BlockDeviceOps {
     /// @return: none
     #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub fn bdev_add(_bdev: Arc<dyn BlockDevice>, id_table: IdTable) -> Result<(), DeviceError> {
-        if Into::<usize>::into(id_table.device_number()) == 0 {
+        if id_table.device_number().data() == 0 {
             kerror!("Device number can't be 0!\n");
         }
         todo!("bdev_add")
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/base/char/mod.rs b/kernel/src/driver/base/char/mod.rs
index 1dd85bea..cf9483c3 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/base/char/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/base/char/mod.rs
@@ -4,10 +4,14 @@ use crate::kerror;
 use system_error::SystemError;
 
 use super::{
-    device::{device_manager, mkdev, Device, DeviceNumber, IdTable, CHARDEVS, DEVMAP},
+    device::{
+        device_manager,
+        device_number::{DeviceNumber, Major},
+        Device, IdTable, CHARDEVS, DEVMAP,
+    },
     map::{
         kobj_map, kobj_unmap, DeviceStruct, DEV_MAJOR_DYN_END, DEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_END,
-        DEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_START, DEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE, DEV_MAJOR_MAX, MINOR_MASK,
+        DEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_START, DEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE, DEV_MAJOR_MAX,
     },
 };
 
@@ -41,37 +45,39 @@ impl CharDevOps {
     /// @parameter: major: 主设备号
     /// @return: 返回下标
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    fn major_to_index(major: usize) -> usize {
-        return major % DEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE;
+    fn major_to_index(major: Major) -> usize {
+        return (major.data() % DEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE) as usize;
     }
 
     /// @brief: 动态获取主设备号
     /// @parameter: None
     /// @return: 如果成功，返回主设备号，否则，返回错误码
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    fn find_dynamic_major() -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+    fn find_dynamic_major() -> Result<Major, SystemError> {
         let chardevs = CHARDEVS.lock();
         // 寻找主设备号为234～255的设备
-        for index in (DEV_MAJOR_DYN_END..DEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE).rev() {
-            if let Some(item) = chardevs.get(index) {
+        for index in (DEV_MAJOR_DYN_END.data()..DEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE).rev() {
+            if let Some(item) = chardevs.get(index as usize) {
                 if item.is_empty() {
-                    return Ok(index); // 返回可用的主设备号
+                    return Ok(Major::new(index)); // 返回可用的主设备号
                 }
             }
         }
         // 寻找主设备号在384～511的设备
-        for index in (DEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_END + 1..DEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_START + 1).rev() {
-            if let Some(chardevss) = chardevs.get(Self::major_to_index(index)) {
+        for index in
+            ((DEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_END.data() + 1)..(DEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_START.data() + 1)).rev()
+        {
+            if let Some(chardevss) = chardevs.get(Self::major_to_index(Major::new(index))) {
                 let mut flag = true;
                 for item in chardevss {
-                    if item.device_number().major() == index {
+                    if item.device_number().major().data() == index {
                         flag = false;
                         break;
                     }
                 }
                 if flag {
                     // 如果数组中不存在主设备号等于index的设备
-                    return Ok(index); // 返回可用的主设备号
+                    return Ok(Major::new(index)); // 返回可用的主设备号
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -86,7 +92,7 @@ impl CharDevOps {
     #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub fn register_chardev_region(
         from: DeviceNumber,
-        count: usize,
+        count: u32,
         name: &'static str,
     ) -> Result<DeviceNumber, SystemError> {
         Self::__register_chardev_region(from, count, name)
@@ -99,11 +105,15 @@ impl CharDevOps {
     /// @return: 如果注册成功，返回，否则，返回false
     #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub fn alloc_chardev_region(
-        baseminor: usize,
-        count: usize,
+        baseminor: u32,
+        count: u32,
         name: &'static str,
     ) -> Result<DeviceNumber, SystemError> {
-        Self::__register_chardev_region(mkdev(0, baseminor), count, name)
+        Self::__register_chardev_region(
+            DeviceNumber::new(Major::UNNAMED_MAJOR, baseminor),
+            count,
+            name,
+        )
     }
 
     /// @brief: 注册设备号
@@ -113,25 +123,25 @@ impl CharDevOps {
     /// @return: 如果注册成功，返回设备号，否则，返回错误码
     fn __register_chardev_region(
         device_number: DeviceNumber,
-        minorct: usize,
+        minorct: u32,
         name: &'static str,
     ) -> Result<DeviceNumber, SystemError> {
         let mut major = device_number.major();
         let baseminor = device_number.minor();
         if major >= DEV_MAJOR_MAX {
             kerror!(
-                "DEV {} major requested {} is greater than the maximum {}\n",
+                "DEV {} major requested {:?} is greater than the maximum {}\n",
                 name,
                 major,
-                DEV_MAJOR_MAX - 1
+                DEV_MAJOR_MAX.data() - 1
             );
         }
-        if minorct > MINOR_MASK + 1 - baseminor {
+        if minorct > DeviceNumber::MINOR_MASK + 1 - baseminor {
             kerror!("DEV {} minor range requested ({}-{}) is out of range of maximum range ({}-{}) for a single major\n",
-                name, baseminor, baseminor + minorct - 1, 0, MINOR_MASK);
+                name, baseminor, baseminor + minorct - 1, 0, DeviceNumber::MINOR_MASK);
         }
-        let chardev = DeviceStruct::new(mkdev(major, baseminor), minorct, name);
-        if major == 0 {
+        let chardev = DeviceStruct::new(DeviceNumber::new(major, baseminor), minorct, name);
+        if major == Major::UNNAMED_MAJOR {
             // 如果主设备号为0,则自动分配主设备号
             major = Self::find_dynamic_major().expect("Find synamic major error.\n");
         }
@@ -157,7 +167,8 @@ impl CharDevOps {
             }
             items.insert(insert_index, chardev);
         }
-        return Ok(mkdev(major, baseminor));
+
+        return Ok(DeviceNumber::new(major, baseminor));
     }
 
     /// @brief: 注销设备号
@@ -167,7 +178,7 @@ impl CharDevOps {
     /// @return: 如果注销成功，返回()，否则，返回错误码
     fn __unregister_chardev_region(
         device_number: DeviceNumber,
-        minorct: usize,
+        minorct: u32,
     ) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
         if let Some(items) = CHARDEVS
             .lock()
@@ -195,7 +206,7 @@ impl CharDevOps {
         id_table: IdTable,
         range: usize,
     ) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
-        if Into::<usize>::into(id_table.device_number()) == 0 {
+        if id_table.device_number().data() == 0 {
             kerror!("Device number can't be 0!\n");
         }
         device_manager().add_device(cdev.clone())?;
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/base/class.rs b/kernel/src/driver/base/class.rs
index 185e571d..059ae543 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/base/class.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/base/class.rs
@@ -85,11 +85,8 @@ impl dyn Class {
         let subsys = self.subsystem();
         let guard = subsys.devices();
         for dev in guard.iter() {
-            let dev = dev.upgrade();
-            if let Some(dev) = dev {
-                if matcher.match_device(&dev, data) {
-                    return Some(dev.clone());
-                }
+            if matcher.match_device(&dev, data) {
+                return Some(dev.clone());
             }
         }
         return None;
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/base/cpu.rs b/kernel/src/driver/base/cpu.rs
index 3fc91931..c9f87cb4 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/base/cpu.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/base/cpu.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use super::{
     device::{
         bus::{subsystem_manager, Bus},
         driver::Driver,
-        Device, DeviceNumber, DeviceType, IdTable,
+        Device, DeviceType, IdTable,
     },
     kobject::{KObjType, KObject, KObjectState, LockedKObjectState},
     kset::KSet,
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ impl CpuSubSystemFakeRootDevice {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct InnerCpuSubSystemFakeRootDevice {
     parent_kobj: Option<Weak<dyn KObject>>,
-    bus: Option<Arc<dyn Bus>>,
+    bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>,
     kset: Option<Arc<KSet>>,
     name: String,
     kern_inode: Option<Arc<KernFSInode>>,
@@ -150,13 +150,17 @@ impl Device for CpuSubSystemFakeRootDevice {
     }
 
     fn id_table(&self) -> IdTable {
-        IdTable::new("cpu".to_string(), Some(DeviceNumber::new(0)))
+        IdTable::new("cpu".to_string(), None)
     }
 
-    fn set_bus(&self, bus: Option<Arc<dyn Bus>>) {
+    fn set_bus(&self, bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>) {
         self.inner.write().bus = bus;
     }
 
+    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Weak<dyn Bus>> {
+        self.inner.read().bus.clone()
+    }
+
     fn driver(&self) -> Option<Arc<dyn Driver>> {
         None
     }
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/base/device/bus.rs b/kernel/src/driver/base/device/bus.rs
index 8ee42c09..00584226 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/base/device/bus.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/base/device/bus.rs
@@ -159,11 +159,14 @@ pub trait Bus: Debug + Send + Sync {
     /// - `Ok(true)` - 匹配成功
     /// - `Ok(false)` - 匹配失败
     /// - `Err(_)` - 由于内部错误导致匹配失败
+    /// - `Err(SystemError::ENOSYS)` - 该总线不支持该操作
     fn match_device(
         &self,
-        device: &Arc<dyn Device>,
-        driver: &Arc<dyn Driver>,
-    ) -> Result<bool, SystemError>;
+        _device: &Arc<dyn Device>,
+        _driver: &Arc<dyn Driver>,
+    ) -> Result<bool, SystemError> {
+        return Err(SystemError::ENOSYS);
+    }
 
     fn subsystem(&self) -> &SubSysPrivate;
 
@@ -188,11 +191,8 @@ impl dyn Bus {
         let subsys = self.subsystem();
         let guard = subsys.devices();
         for dev in guard.iter() {
-            let dev = dev.upgrade();
-            if let Some(dev) = dev {
-                if matcher.match_device(&dev, data) {
-                    return Some(dev.clone());
-                }
+            if matcher.match_device(&dev, data) {
+                return Some(dev.clone());
             }
         }
         return None;
@@ -221,11 +221,8 @@ impl dyn Bus {
         let subsys = self.subsystem();
         let guard = subsys.drivers();
         for drv in guard.iter() {
-            let drv = drv.upgrade();
-            if let Some(drv) = drv {
-                if matcher.match_driver(&drv, data) {
-                    return Some(drv.clone());
-                }
+            if matcher.match_driver(&drv, data) {
+                return Some(drv.clone());
             }
         }
         return None;
@@ -265,7 +262,7 @@ impl BusManager {
     ///
     /// - `dev` - 要被添加的设备
     pub fn add_device(&self, dev: &Arc<dyn Device>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
-        let bus = dev.bus();
+        let bus = dev.bus().map(|bus| bus.upgrade()).flatten();
         if let Some(bus) = bus {
             device_manager().add_groups(dev, bus.dev_groups())?;
 
@@ -295,7 +292,11 @@ impl BusManager {
     ///
     /// 参考 https://opengrok.ringotek.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/base/bus.c?fi=bus_add_driver#590
     pub fn add_driver(&self, driver: &Arc<dyn Driver>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
-        let bus = driver.bus().ok_or(SystemError::EINVAL)?;
+        let bus = driver
+            .bus()
+            .map(|bus| bus.upgrade())
+            .flatten()
+            .ok_or(SystemError::EINVAL)?;
         kdebug!("bus '{}' add driver '{}'", bus.name(), driver.name());
 
         driver.set_kobj_type(Some(&BusDriverKType));
@@ -435,10 +436,7 @@ impl BusManager {
     #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub fn rescan_devices(&self, bus: &Arc<dyn Bus>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
         for dev in bus.subsystem().devices().iter() {
-            let dev = dev.upgrade();
-            if let Some(dev) = dev {
-                rescan_devices_helper(dev)?;
-            }
+            rescan_devices_helper(dev)?;
         }
         return Ok(());
     }
@@ -447,7 +445,7 @@ impl BusManager {
     ///
     /// Automatically probe for a driver if the bus allows it.
     pub fn probe_device(&self, dev: &Arc<dyn Device>) {
-        let bus = dev.bus();
+        let bus = dev.bus().map(|bus| bus.upgrade()).flatten();
         if bus.is_none() {
             return;
         }
@@ -490,9 +488,12 @@ impl BusManager {
 }
 
 /// 参考： https://opengrok.ringotek.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/base/bus.c?r=&mo=5649&fi=241#684
-fn rescan_devices_helper(dev: Arc<dyn Device>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+fn rescan_devices_helper(dev: &Arc<dyn Device>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
     if dev.driver().is_none() {
-        let need_parent_lock = dev.bus().map(|bus| bus.need_parent_lock()).unwrap_or(false);
+        let need_parent_lock = dev
+            .bus()
+            .map(|bus| bus.upgrade().unwrap().need_parent_lock())
+            .unwrap_or(false);
         if unlikely(need_parent_lock) {
             // todo: lock device parent
             unimplemented!()
@@ -580,6 +581,7 @@ pub fn bus_add_device(dev: &Arc<dyn Device>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
 ///
 /// 参考： https://opengrok.ringotek.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/base/bus.c?fi=bus_probe_device#478
 pub fn bus_probe_device(dev: &Arc<dyn Device>) {
+    kinfo!("bus_probe_device: dev: {:?}", dev.name());
     bus_manager().probe_device(dev);
 }
 
@@ -613,7 +615,7 @@ impl Attribute for BusAttrDriversProbe {
 
         let device = bus.find_device_by_name(name).ok_or(SystemError::ENODEV)?;
 
-        if rescan_devices_helper(device).is_ok() {
+        if rescan_devices_helper(&device).is_ok() {
             return Ok(buf.len());
         }
 
@@ -752,7 +754,11 @@ impl Attribute for DriverAttrUnbind {
             SystemError::EOPNOTSUPP_OR_ENOTSUP
         })?;
 
-        let bus = driver.bus().ok_or(SystemError::ENODEV)?;
+        let bus = driver
+            .bus()
+            .map(|bus| bus.upgrade())
+            .flatten()
+            .ok_or(SystemError::ENODEV)?;
 
         let s = CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(buf)
             .map_err(|_| SystemError::EINVAL)?
@@ -798,7 +804,11 @@ impl Attribute for DriverAttrBind {
             SystemError::EOPNOTSUPP_OR_ENOTSUP
         })?;
 
-        let bus = driver.bus().ok_or(SystemError::ENODEV)?;
+        let bus = driver
+            .bus()
+            .map(|bus| bus.upgrade())
+            .flatten()
+            .ok_or(SystemError::ENODEV)?;
         let device = bus
             .find_device_by_name(
                 CStr::from_bytes_with_nul(buf)
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/base/device/dd.rs b/kernel/src/driver/base/device/dd.rs
index ec94d47b..0e5d0345 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/base/device/dd.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/base/device/dd.rs
@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ impl DeviceManager {
             return Ok(false);
         }
 
+        kwarn!("do_device_attach: dev: '{}'", dev.name());
+
         let mut do_async = false;
         let mut r = Ok(false);
 
@@ -78,14 +80,21 @@ impl DeviceManager {
                 return Ok(false);
             }
         } else {
-            let bus = dev.bus().ok_or(SystemError::EINVAL)?;
+            let bus = dev
+                .bus()
+                .map(|bus| bus.upgrade())
+                .flatten()
+                .ok_or(SystemError::EINVAL)?;
             let mut data = DeviceAttachData::new(dev.clone(), allow_async, false);
-            let mut flag = true;
+            let mut flag = false;
             for driver in bus.subsystem().drivers().iter() {
-                if let Some(driver) = driver.upgrade() {
-                    let r = self.do_device_attach_driver(&driver, &mut data);
-                    if unlikely(r.is_err()) {
-                        flag = false;
+                let r = self.do_device_attach_driver(&driver, &mut data);
+                if unlikely(r.is_err()) {
+                    flag = false;
+                    break;
+                } else {
+                    if r.unwrap() == true {
+                        flag = true;
                         break;
                     }
                 }
@@ -116,13 +125,52 @@ impl DeviceManager {
         return r;
     }
 
+    /// 匹配设备和驱动
+    ///
+    /// ## 参数
+    ///
+    /// - `driver`: 驱动
+    /// - `data`: 匹配数据
+    ///
+    /// ## 返回
+    ///
+    /// - Ok(true): 匹配成功
+    /// - Ok(false): 没有匹配成功
+    /// - Err(SystemError): 匹配过程中出现意外错误,没有匹配成功
     /// 参考 https://opengrok.ringotek.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/base/dd.c#899
     fn do_device_attach_driver(
         &self,
-        _driver: &Arc<dyn Driver>,
-        _data: &mut DeviceAttachData,
-    ) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
-        todo!("do_device_attach_driver")
+        driver: &Arc<dyn Driver>,
+        data: &mut DeviceAttachData,
+    ) -> Result<bool, SystemError> {
+        if let Some(bus) = driver.bus().map(|bus| bus.upgrade()).flatten() {
+            let r = bus.match_device(&data.dev, driver);
+
+            if let Err(e) = r {
+                // 如果不是ENOSYS，则总线出错
+                if e != SystemError::ENOSYS {
+                    kdebug!(
+                        "do_device_attach_driver: bus.match_device() failed, dev: '{}', err: {:?}",
+                        data.dev.name(),
+                        e
+                    );
+                    return Err(e);
+                }
+            } else {
+                if r.unwrap() == false {
+                    return Ok(false);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let async_allowed = driver.allows_async_probing();
+        if data.check_async && async_allowed != data.want_async {
+            return Ok(false);
+        }
+
+        return driver_manager()
+            .probe_device(driver, &data.dev)
+            .map(|_| true);
     }
 
     /// 检查设备是否绑定到驱动程序
@@ -162,7 +210,7 @@ impl DeviceManager {
             driver_manager().driver_bound(dev);
             return Err(e);
         } else {
-            if let Some(bus) = dev.bus() {
+            if let Some(bus) = dev.bus().map(|bus| bus.upgrade()).flatten() {
                 bus.subsystem().bus_notifier().call_chain(
                     BusNotifyEvent::DriverNotBound,
                     Some(dev),
@@ -233,13 +281,15 @@ impl DriverManager {
     /// 这个函数会遍历驱动现有的全部设备，然后尝试把他们匹配。
     /// 一旦有一个设备匹配成功，就会返回，并且设备的driver字段会被设置。
     pub fn driver_attach(&self, driver: &Arc<dyn Driver>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
-        let bus = driver.bus().ok_or(SystemError::EINVAL)?;
+        let bus = driver
+            .bus()
+            .map(|bus| bus.upgrade())
+            .flatten()
+            .ok_or(SystemError::EINVAL)?;
         for dev in bus.subsystem().devices().iter() {
-            if let Some(dev) = dev.upgrade() {
-                if self.do_driver_attach(&dev, &driver) {
-                    // 匹配成功
-                    return Ok(());
-                }
+            if self.do_driver_attach(&dev, &driver) {
+                // 匹配成功
+                return Ok(());
             }
         }
 
@@ -274,7 +324,12 @@ impl DriverManager {
         driver: &Arc<dyn Driver>,
         device: &Arc<dyn Device>,
     ) -> Result<bool, SystemError> {
-        return driver.bus().unwrap().match_device(device, driver);
+        return driver
+            .bus()
+            .map(|bus| bus.upgrade())
+            .flatten()
+            .unwrap()
+            .match_device(device, driver);
     }
 
     /// 尝试把设备和驱动绑定在一起
@@ -327,7 +382,7 @@ impl DriverManager {
         };
 
         let sysfs_failed = || {
-            if let Some(bus) = device.bus() {
+            if let Some(bus) = device.bus().map(|bus| bus.upgrade()).flatten() {
                 bus.subsystem().bus_notifier().call_chain(
                     BusNotifyEvent::DriverNotBound,
                     Some(device),
@@ -385,7 +440,7 @@ impl DriverManager {
                 e
             })?;
 
-        // 我们假设所有的设备都有sync_state这个属性。如果没有的话，也创建属性文件。
+        // 我们假设所有的设备都有 sync_state 这个属性。如果没有的话，也创建属性文件。
         device_manager()
             .create_file(device, &DeviceAttrStateSynced)
             .map_err(|e| {
@@ -410,7 +465,7 @@ impl DriverManager {
     fn add_to_sysfs(&self, device: &Arc<dyn Device>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
         let driver = device.driver().ok_or(SystemError::EINVAL)?;
 
-        if let Some(bus) = device.bus() {
+        if let Some(bus) = device.bus().map(|bus| bus.upgrade()).flatten() {
             bus.subsystem().bus_notifier().call_chain(
                 BusNotifyEvent::BindDriver,
                 Some(&device),
@@ -455,7 +510,11 @@ impl DriverManager {
         device: &Arc<dyn Device>,
         driver: &Arc<dyn Driver>,
     ) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
-        let bus = device.bus().ok_or(SystemError::EINVAL)?;
+        let bus = device
+            .bus()
+            .map(|bus| bus.upgrade())
+            .flatten()
+            .ok_or(SystemError::EINVAL)?;
         let r = bus.probe(device);
         if r == Err(SystemError::EOPNOTSUPP_OR_ENOTSUP) {
             kerror!(
@@ -505,7 +564,7 @@ impl DriverManager {
         let driver = device.driver().unwrap();
         driver.add_device(device.clone());
 
-        if let Some(bus) = device.bus() {
+        if let Some(bus) = device.bus().map(|bus| bus.upgrade()).flatten() {
             bus.subsystem().bus_notifier().call_chain(
                 BusNotifyEvent::BoundDriver,
                 Some(device),
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/base/device/device_number.rs b/kernel/src/driver/base/device/device_number.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a9d9482b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/base/device/device_number.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
+pub struct Major(u32);
+
+impl Major {
+    // 常量定义参考:
+    //
+    // https://code.dragonos.org.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/include/uapi/linux/major.h
+
+    /// 未命名的主设备
+    pub const UNNAMED_MAJOR: Self = Self::new(0);
+    /// /dev/fb* framebuffers
+    pub const FB_MAJOR: Self = Self::new(29);
+
+    pub const fn new(x: u32) -> Self {
+        Major(x)
+    }
+    pub const fn data(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.0
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)]
+pub struct DeviceNumber {
+    data: u32,
+}
+
+impl DeviceNumber {
+    pub const MINOR_BITS: u32 = 20;
+    pub const MINOR_MASK: u32 = 1 << Self::MINOR_BITS - 1;
+
+    pub const fn new(major: Major, minor: u32) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            data: (major.data() << Self::MINOR_BITS) | minor,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub const fn major(&self) -> Major {
+        Major::new(self.data >> Self::MINOR_BITS)
+    }
+
+    pub const fn minor(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.data & 0xfffff
+    }
+
+    pub const fn data(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.data
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for DeviceNumber {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new(Major::UNNAMED_MAJOR, 0)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<u32> for DeviceNumber {
+    fn from(x: u32) -> Self {
+        Self { data: x }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/base/device/driver.rs b/kernel/src/driver/base/device/driver.rs
index dedd28d3..344803c7 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/base/device/driver.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/base/device/driver.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,10 @@ use crate::{
     driver::base::kobject::KObject,
     filesystem::sysfs::{sysfs_instance, Attribute, AttributeGroup},
 };
-use alloc::{sync::Arc, vec::Vec};
+use alloc::{
+    sync::{Arc, Weak},
+    vec::Vec,
+};
 use core::fmt::Debug;
 use system_error::SystemError;
 
@@ -86,11 +89,11 @@ pub trait Driver: Sync + Send + Debug + KObject {
         false
     }
 
-    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Arc<dyn Bus>> {
+    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Weak<dyn Bus>> {
         None
     }
 
-    fn set_bus(&self, bus: Option<Arc<dyn Bus>>);
+    fn set_bus(&self, bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>);
 
     fn groups(&self) -> &'static [&'static dyn AttributeGroup] {
         &[]
@@ -171,13 +174,17 @@ impl DriverManager {
     ///
     /// 参考 https://opengrok.ringotek.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/base/driver.c#222
     pub fn register(&self, driver: Arc<dyn Driver>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
-        let bus = driver.bus().ok_or_else(|| {
-            kerror!(
-                "DriverManager::register() failed: driver.bus() is None. Driver: '{:?}'",
-                driver.name()
-            );
-            SystemError::EINVAL
-        })?;
+        let bus = driver
+            .bus()
+            .map(|bus| bus.upgrade())
+            .flatten()
+            .ok_or_else(|| {
+                kerror!(
+                    "DriverManager::register() failed: driver.bus() is None. Driver: '{:?}'",
+                    driver.name()
+                );
+                SystemError::EINVAL
+            })?;
 
         let drv_name = driver.name();
         let other = bus.find_driver_by_name(&drv_name);
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/base/device/mod.rs b/kernel/src/driver/base/device/mod.rs
index 7b0152cf..cfd46405 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/base/device/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/base/device/mod.rs
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ use system_error::SystemError;
 
 use self::{
     bus::{bus_add_device, bus_probe_device, Bus},
+    device_number::{DeviceNumber, Major},
     driver::Driver,
 };
 
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ use super::{
 
 pub mod bus;
 pub mod dd;
+pub mod device_number;
 pub mod driver;
 pub mod init;
 
@@ -143,14 +145,16 @@ pub trait Device: KObject {
     }
 
     /// 获取当前设备所属的总线
-    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Arc<dyn Bus>> {
+    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Weak<dyn Bus>> {
         return None;
     }
 
     /// 设置当前设备所属的总线
     ///
-    /// （一定要传入Arc，因为bus的subsysprivate里面存储的是Device的Weak指针）
-    fn set_bus(&self, bus: Option<Arc<dyn Bus>>);
+    /// （一定要传入Arc，因为bus的subsysprivate里面存储的是Device的Arc指针）
+    ///
+    /// 注意，如果实现了当前方法，那么必须实现`bus()`方法
+    fn set_bus(&self, bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>);
 
     /// 获取当前设备所属的类
     fn class(&self) -> Option<Arc<dyn Class>> {
@@ -158,6 +162,8 @@ pub trait Device: KObject {
     }
 
     /// 设置当前设备所属的类
+    ///
+    /// 注意，如果实现了当前方法，那么必须实现`class()`方法
     fn set_class(&self, class: Option<Arc<dyn Class>>);
 
     /// 返回已经与当前设备匹配好的驱动程序
@@ -221,62 +227,6 @@ impl DevicePrivateData {
     }
 }
 
-int_like!(DeviceNumber, usize);
-
-impl Default for DeviceNumber {
-    fn default() -> Self {
-        DeviceNumber(0)
-    }
-}
-
-impl From<usize> for DeviceNumber {
-    fn from(dev_t: usize) -> Self {
-        DeviceNumber(dev_t)
-    }
-}
-
-impl Into<usize> for DeviceNumber {
-    fn into(self) -> usize {
-        self.0
-    }
-}
-
-impl core::hash::Hash for DeviceNumber {
-    fn hash<H: core::hash::Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
-        self.0.hash(state);
-    }
-}
-
-impl DeviceNumber {
-    /// @brief: 获取主设备号
-    /// @parameter: none
-    /// @return: 主设备号
-    pub fn major(&self) -> usize {
-        (self.0 >> 8) & 0xffffff
-    }
-
-    /// @brief: 获取次设备号
-    /// @parameter: none
-    /// @return: 次设备号
-    pub fn minor(&self) -> usize {
-        self.0 & 0xff
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn from_major_minor(major: usize, minor: usize) -> usize {
-        ((major & 0xffffff) << 8) | (minor & 0xff)
-    }
-}
-
-/// @brief: 根据主次设备号创建设备号实例
-/// @parameter: major: 主设备号
-///             minor: 次设备号
-/// @return: 设备号实例
-pub fn mkdev(major: usize, minor: usize) -> DeviceNumber {
-    DeviceNumber(((major & 0xfff) << 20) | (minor & 0xfffff))
-}
-
 /// @brief: 设备类型
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 #[derive(Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
@@ -317,12 +267,13 @@ impl IdTable {
         if self.id.is_none() {
             return self.basename.clone();
         } else {
-            return format!("{}:{}", self.basename, self.id.unwrap().data());
+            let id = self.id.unwrap();
+            return format!("{}:{}", id.major().data(), id.minor());
         }
     }
 
     pub fn device_number(&self) -> DeviceNumber {
-        return self.id.unwrap_or(DeviceNumber::new(0));
+        return self.id.unwrap_or(DeviceNumber::default());
     }
 }
 
@@ -460,16 +411,10 @@ impl DeviceManager {
     }
 
     pub fn register(&self, device: Arc<dyn Device>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
-        self.device_initialize(&device);
+        self.device_default_initialize(&device);
         return self.add_device(device);
     }
 
-    /// device_initialize - init device structure.
-    pub fn device_initialize(&self, device: &Arc<dyn Device>) {
-        device.set_kset(Some(sys_devices_kset()));
-        device.set_kobj_type(Some(&DeviceKObjType));
-    }
-
     /// @brief: 添加设备
     /// @parameter id_table: 总线标识符，用于唯一标识该总线
     /// @parameter dev: 设备实例
@@ -514,14 +459,14 @@ impl DeviceManager {
 
         bus_add_device(&device)?;
 
-        if device.id_table().device_number().major() != 0 {
+        if device.id_table().device_number().major() != Major::UNNAMED_MAJOR {
             self.create_file(&device, &DeviceAttrDev)?;
 
             self.create_sys_dev_entry(&device)?;
         }
 
         // 通知客户端有关设备添加的信息。此调用必须在 dpm_sysfs_add() 之后且在 kobject_uevent() 之前执行。
-        if let Some(bus) = device.bus() {
+        if let Some(bus) = device.bus().map(|bus| bus.upgrade()).flatten() {
             bus.subsystem().bus_notifier().call_chain(
                 bus::BusNotifyEvent::AddDevice,
                 Some(&device),
@@ -585,7 +530,7 @@ impl DeviceManager {
 
         // subsystems can specify a default root directory for their devices
         if current_parent.is_none() {
-            if let Some(bus) = device.bus() {
+            if let Some(bus) = device.bus().map(|bus| bus.upgrade()).flatten() {
                 if let Some(root) = bus.root_device().map(|x| x.upgrade()).flatten() {
                     return Ok(Some(root as Arc<dyn KObject>));
                 }
@@ -627,6 +572,7 @@ impl DeviceManager {
         software_node_notify(dev);
     }
 
+    // 参考 https://code.dragonos.org.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/base/core.c#3224
     fn add_class_symlinks(&self, dev: &Arc<dyn Device>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
         let class = dev.class();
         if class.is_none() {
@@ -635,6 +581,10 @@ impl DeviceManager {
 
         // 定义错误处理函数，用于在添加符号链接失败时，移除已经添加的符号链接
 
+        let err_remove_device = |dev_kobj: &Arc<dyn KObject>| {
+            sysfs_instance().remove_link(dev_kobj, "device".to_string());
+        };
+
         let err_remove_subsystem = |dev_kobj: &Arc<dyn KObject>| {
             sysfs_instance().remove_link(dev_kobj, "subsystem".to_string());
         };
@@ -645,11 +595,20 @@ impl DeviceManager {
         sysfs_instance().create_link(Some(&dev_kobj), &subsys_kobj, "subsystem".to_string())?;
 
         // todo: 这里需要处理class的parent逻辑, 添加device链接
-        // https://code.dragonos.org.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/base/core.c#3245
+        if let Some(parent) = dev.parent().map(|x| x.upgrade()).flatten() {
+            let parent_kobj = parent.clone() as Arc<dyn KObject>;
+            sysfs_instance()
+                .create_link(Some(&dev_kobj), &&parent_kobj, "device".to_string())
+                .map_err(|e| {
+                    err_remove_subsystem(&dev_kobj);
+                    e
+                })?;
+        }
 
         sysfs_instance()
             .create_link(Some(&subsys_kobj), &dev_kobj, dev.name())
             .map_err(|e| {
+                err_remove_device(&dev_kobj);
                 err_remove_subsystem(&dev_kobj);
                 e
             })?;
@@ -776,7 +735,7 @@ impl DeviceManager {
         let target_kobj = self.device_to_dev_kobj(dev);
         let name = dev.id_table().name();
         let current_kobj = dev.clone() as Arc<dyn KObject>;
-        return sysfs_instance().create_link(Some(&current_kobj), &target_kobj, name);
+        return sysfs_instance().create_link(Some(&target_kobj), &current_kobj, name);
     }
 
     /// Delete symlink for device in `/sys/dev` or `/sys/class/<class_name>`
@@ -810,6 +769,7 @@ impl DeviceManager {
     /// 参考 https://opengrok.ringotek.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/base/core.c?fi=device_initialize#2976
     pub fn device_default_initialize(&self, dev: &Arc<dyn Device>) {
         dev.set_kset(Some(sys_devices_kset()));
+        dev.set_kobj_type(Some(&DeviceKObjType));
         return;
     }
 
@@ -874,7 +834,11 @@ impl Attribute for DeviceAttrDev {
         })?;
 
         let device_number = dev.id_table().device_number();
-        let s = format!("{}:{}\n", device_number.major(), device_number.minor());
+        let s = format!(
+            "{}:{}\n",
+            device_number.major().data(),
+            device_number.minor()
+        );
 
         return sysfs_emit_str(buf, &s);
     }
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/base/init.rs b/kernel/src/driver/base/init.rs
index ac95cb6b..6629f903 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/base/init.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/base/init.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,4 @@
-use crate::driver::tty::tty_device::tty_init;
 use system_error::SystemError;
-use unified_init::{define_public_unified_initializer_slice, unified_init};
 
 use super::{
     class::classes_init,
@@ -11,8 +9,6 @@ use super::{
     platform::platform_bus_init,
 };
 
-define_public_unified_initializer_slice!(SUBSYSTEM_INITIALIZER_SLICE);
-
 pub(super) fn driver_init() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
     devices_init()?;
     buses_init()?;
@@ -21,7 +17,7 @@ pub(super) fn driver_init() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
     hypervisor_init()?;
     platform_bus_init()?;
     cpu_device_manager().init()?;
-    subsystem_init()?;
+
     // 至此，已完成设备驱动模型的初始化
     // 接下来，初始化设备
     actual_device_init()?;
@@ -29,12 +25,6 @@ pub(super) fn driver_init() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
 }
 
 fn actual_device_init() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
-    tty_init()?;
-
-    return Ok(());
-}
-
-fn subsystem_init() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
-    unified_init!(SUBSYSTEM_INITIALIZER_SLICE);
+    // 应当使用unified_init来初始化
     return Ok(());
 }
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/base/kobject.rs b/kernel/src/driver/base/kobject.rs
index 9dc814ff..74bd8cf7 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/base/kobject.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/base/kobject.rs
@@ -109,11 +109,10 @@ impl Deref for LockedKObjectState {
     }
 }
 
-pub trait KObjectAttribute: Attribute {
-    fn support(&self) -> SysFSOpsSupport;
-
-    fn show(&self, kobj: &dyn KObject, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError>;
-    fn store(&self, kobj: &dyn KObject, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError>;
+impl Default for LockedKObjectState {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        LockedKObjectState::new(None)
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/base/map/mod.rs b/kernel/src/driver/base/map/mod.rs
index eee439cd..08a61617 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/base/map/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/base/map/mod.rs
@@ -1,22 +1,21 @@
 use core::ops::{Deref, DerefMut};
 
 use super::{
-    device::{mkdev, DeviceNumber},
+    device::device_number::{DeviceNumber, Major},
     kobject::KObject,
 };
 use crate::libs::spinlock::{SpinLock, SpinLockGuard};
 use alloc::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::Arc, vec::Vec};
 
 const KOBJMAP_HASH_SIZE: usize = 255;
-pub(crate) const DEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE: usize = 255;
-pub(crate) const DEV_MAJOR_MAX: usize = 512;
-pub(crate) const MINOR_BITS: usize = 20;
-pub(crate) const MINOR_MASK: usize = 1 << MINOR_BITS - 1;
+pub(crate) const DEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE: u32 = 255;
+pub(crate) const DEV_MAJOR_MAX: Major = Major::new(512);
+
 /* Marks the bottom of the first segment of free char majors */
-pub(crate) const DEV_MAJOR_DYN_END: usize = 234;
+pub(crate) const DEV_MAJOR_DYN_END: Major = Major::new(234);
 /* Marks the top and bottom of the second segment of free char majors */
-pub(crate) const DEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_START: usize = 511;
-pub(crate) const DEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_END: usize = 384;
+pub(crate) const DEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_START: Major = Major::new(511);
+pub(crate) const DEV_MAJOR_DYN_EXT_END: Major = Major::new(384);
 
 /// @brief: 字符设备与块设备管理结构体
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
@@ -63,10 +62,15 @@ pub fn kobj_map(
     range: usize,
     data: Arc<dyn KObject>,
 ) {
-    if let Some(map) = domain.0.lock().0.get_mut(dev_t.major() % 255) {
+    if let Some(map) = domain
+        .0
+        .lock()
+        .0
+        .get_mut((dev_t.major().data() % 255) as usize)
+    {
         for i in 0..range {
             map.insert(
-                mkdev(dev_t.major(), dev_t.minor() + i),
+                DeviceNumber::new(dev_t.major(), dev_t.minor() + i as u32),
                 Probe::new(data.clone()),
             );
         }
@@ -79,9 +83,14 @@ pub fn kobj_map(
 ///             range: 次设备号范围
 /// @return: none
 pub fn kobj_unmap(domain: Arc<LockedKObjMap>, dev_t: DeviceNumber, range: usize) {
-    if let Some(map) = domain.0.lock().0.get_mut(dev_t.major() % 255) {
+    if let Some(map) = domain
+        .0
+        .lock()
+        .0
+        .get_mut((dev_t.major().data() % 255) as usize)
+    {
         for i in 0..range {
-            let rm_dev_t = &DeviceNumber::new(Into::<usize>::into(dev_t) + i);
+            let rm_dev_t = &DeviceNumber::new(dev_t.major(), dev_t.minor() + i as u32);
             match map.get(rm_dev_t) {
                 Some(_) => {
                     map.remove(rm_dev_t);
@@ -98,7 +107,7 @@ pub fn kobj_unmap(domain: Arc<LockedKObjMap>, dev_t: DeviceNumber, range: usize)
 /// @return: 查找成功，返回设备实例，否则返回None
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 pub fn kobj_lookup(domain: Arc<LockedKObjMap>, dev_t: DeviceNumber) -> Option<Arc<dyn KObject>> {
-    if let Some(map) = domain.0.lock().0.get(dev_t.major() % 255) {
+    if let Some(map) = domain.0.lock().0.get((dev_t.major().data() % 255) as usize) {
         match map.get(&dev_t) {
             Some(value) => {
                 return Some(value.0.clone());
@@ -133,7 +142,7 @@ pub struct DevsMap(Vec<Vec<DeviceStruct>>);
 
 impl Default for DevsMap {
     fn default() -> Self {
-        DevsMap(vec![Vec::new(); DEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE])
+        DevsMap(vec![Vec::new(); DEV_MAJOR_HASH_SIZE as usize])
     }
 }
 
@@ -156,7 +165,7 @@ impl DerefMut for DevsMap {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub struct DeviceStruct {
     dev_t: DeviceNumber, //起始设备号
-    minorct: usize,      // 次设备号数量
+    minorct: u32,        // 次设备号数量
     name: &'static str,  //字符设备名
 }
 
@@ -169,7 +178,7 @@ impl DeviceStruct {
     /// @return: 实例
     ///
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn new(dev_t: DeviceNumber, minorct: usize, name: &'static str) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(dev_t: DeviceNumber, minorct: u32, name: &'static str) -> Self {
         Self {
             dev_t,
             minorct,
@@ -191,7 +200,7 @@ impl DeviceStruct {
     /// @return: 起始设备号
     ///
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn base_minor(&self) -> usize {
+    pub fn base_minor(&self) -> u32 {
         self.dev_t.minor()
     }
 
@@ -199,7 +208,7 @@ impl DeviceStruct {
     /// @parameter: None
     /// @return: 次设备号数量
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    pub fn minorct(&self) -> usize {
+    pub fn minorct(&self) -> u32 {
         self.minorct
     }
 }
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/base/platform/mod.rs b/kernel/src/driver/base/platform/mod.rs
index d2836f7f..1bd3bc6a 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/base/platform/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/base/platform/mod.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use self::{platform_device::PlatformBusDevice, subsys::PlatformBus};
 use super::{
     device::{
         bus::{bus_register, Bus, BusState},
-        device_unregister, sys_devices_kset, DeviceNumber, DevicePrivateData, IdTable,
+        device_unregister, sys_devices_kset, DevicePrivateData, IdTable,
     },
     kobject::KObject,
 };
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ impl CompatibleTable {
 pub fn platform_bus_init() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
     let platform_device: Arc<PlatformBusDevice> = PlatformBusDevice::new(
         DevicePrivateData::new(
-            IdTable::new("platform".to_string(), Some(DeviceNumber::new(0))),
+            IdTable::new("platform".to_string(), None),
             BusState::NotInitialized.into(),
         ),
         Some(Arc::downgrade(&(sys_devices_kset() as Arc<dyn KObject>))),
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/base/platform/platform_device.rs b/kernel/src/driver/base/platform/platform_device.rs
index 8af5e5d5..d6aff24c 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/base/platform/platform_device.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/base/platform/platform_device.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use crate::{
             bus::{Bus, BusState},
             device_manager,
             driver::Driver,
-            Device, DeviceNumber, DevicePrivateData, DeviceType, IdTable,
+            Device, DevicePrivateData, DeviceType, IdTable,
         },
         kobject::{KObjType, KObject, KObjectState, LockedKObjectState},
         kset::KSet,
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ pub const PLATFORM_DEVID_AUTO: i32 = -2;
 ///
 /// ## 注意
 ///
-/// 应当在所有实现这个trait的结构体上方，添加 `#[cast_to([sync] PlatformDriver)]`，
-/// 否则运行时将报错“该对象不是PlatformDriver”
+/// 应当在所有实现这个trait的结构体上方，添加 `#[cast_to([sync] PlatformDevice)]`，
+/// 否则运行时将报错“该对象不是PlatformDevice”
 pub trait PlatformDevice: Device {
     fn pdev_name(&self) -> &str;
     /// 返回平台设备id，以及这个id是否是自动生成的
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ impl PlatformDeviceManager {
             )));
         }
 
-        pdev.set_bus(Some(platform_bus() as Arc<dyn Bus>));
+        pdev.set_bus(Some(Arc::downgrade(&(platform_bus() as Arc<dyn Bus>))));
 
         let id = pdev.pdev_id().0;
         match id {
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ pub struct InnerPlatformBusDevice {
 
     kernfs_inode: Option<Arc<KernFSInode>>,
     /// 当前设备挂载到的总线
-    bus: Option<Arc<dyn Bus>>,
+    bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>,
     /// 当前设备已经匹配的驱动
     driver: Option<Weak<dyn Driver>>,
 
@@ -286,16 +286,15 @@ impl Device for PlatformBusDevice {
     }
 
     #[inline]
-    #[allow(dead_code)]
     fn id_table(&self) -> IdTable {
-        IdTable::new("platform".to_string(), Some(DeviceNumber::new(0)))
+        IdTable::new("platform".to_string(), None)
     }
 
-    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Arc<dyn Bus>> {
+    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Weak<dyn Bus>> {
         self.inner.lock().bus.clone()
     }
 
-    fn set_bus(&self, bus: Option<Arc<dyn Bus>>) {
+    fn set_bus(&self, bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>) {
         self.inner.lock().bus = bus;
     }
 
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/base/platform/platform_driver.rs b/kernel/src/driver/base/platform/platform_driver.rs
index 36f3799b..d0fb5fed 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/base/platform/platform_driver.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/base/platform/platform_driver.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use super::{platform_bus, platform_device::PlatformDevice};
 pub trait PlatformDriver: Driver {
     /// 检测设备是否能绑定到这个驱动
     ///
-    /// 如果能，则把设备的driver指向这个驱动。
+    /// 如果能，则把设备的driver字段指向这个驱动。
     /// 请注意，这个函数不应该把driver加入驱动的devices列表，相关工作会在外部的函数里面处理。
     fn probe(&self, device: &Arc<dyn PlatformDevice>) -> Result<(), SystemError>;
     fn remove(&self, device: &Arc<dyn PlatformDevice>) -> Result<(), SystemError>;
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl PlatformDriverManager {
     ///
     /// 参考 https://opengrok.ringotek.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/base/platform.c?fi=__platform_driver_register#861
     pub fn register(&self, driver: Arc<dyn PlatformDriver>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
-        driver.set_bus(Some(platform_bus() as Arc<dyn Bus>));
+        driver.set_bus(Some(Arc::downgrade(&(platform_bus() as Arc<dyn Bus>))));
         return driver_manager().register(driver as Arc<dyn Driver>);
     }
 
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/base/subsys.rs b/kernel/src/driver/base/subsys.rs
index a74f7efb..15018211 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/base/subsys.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/base/subsys.rs
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ pub struct SubSysPrivate {
     class: SpinLock<Option<Weak<dyn Class>>>,
     drivers_autoprobe: AtomicBool,
     /// 当前总线上的所有设备
-    devices: RwLock<Vec<Weak<dyn Device>>>,
+    devices: RwLock<Vec<Arc<dyn Device>>>,
     /// 当前总线上的所有驱动
-    drivers: RwLock<Vec<Weak<dyn Driver>>>,
+    drivers: RwLock<Vec<Arc<dyn Driver>>>,
     interfaces: &'static [&'static dyn SubSysInterface],
     bus_notifier: AtomicNotifierChain<BusNotifyEvent, Arc<dyn Device>>,
 }
@@ -106,11 +106,11 @@ impl SubSysPrivate {
         *self.class.lock() = class;
     }
 
-    pub fn devices(&self) -> RwLockReadGuard<Vec<Weak<dyn Device>>> {
+    pub fn devices(&self) -> RwLockReadGuard<Vec<Arc<dyn Device>>> {
         return self.devices.read();
     }
 
-    pub fn drivers(&self) -> RwLockReadGuard<Vec<Weak<dyn Driver>>> {
+    pub fn drivers(&self) -> RwLockReadGuard<Vec<Arc<dyn Driver>>> {
         return self.drivers.read();
     }
 
@@ -155,18 +155,16 @@ impl SubSysPrivate {
 
     pub fn add_driver_to_vec(&self, driver: &Arc<dyn Driver>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
         let mut drivers = self.drivers.write();
-        let driver_weak = Arc::downgrade(driver);
-        if drivers.iter().any(|d| d.ptr_eq(&driver_weak)) {
+        if drivers.iter().any(|d| Arc::ptr_eq(d, driver)) {
             return Err(SystemError::EEXIST);
         }
-        drivers.push(driver_weak);
+        drivers.push(driver.clone());
         return Ok(());
     }
 
     pub fn remove_driver_from_vec(&self, driver: &Arc<dyn Driver>) {
         let mut drivers = self.drivers.write();
-        let driver_weak = Arc::downgrade(driver);
-        let index = drivers.iter().position(|d| d.ptr_eq(&driver_weak));
+        let index = drivers.iter().position(|d| Arc::ptr_eq(d, driver));
         if let Some(index) = index {
             drivers.remove(index);
         }
@@ -174,19 +172,17 @@ impl SubSysPrivate {
 
     pub fn add_device_to_vec(&self, device: &Arc<dyn Device>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
         let mut devices = self.devices.write();
-        let device_weak = Arc::downgrade(device);
-        if devices.iter().any(|d| d.ptr_eq(&device_weak)) {
+        if devices.iter().any(|d| Arc::ptr_eq(d, device)) {
             return Err(SystemError::EEXIST);
         }
-        devices.push(device_weak);
+        devices.push(device.clone());
         return Ok(());
     }
 
     #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub fn remove_device_from_vec(&self, device: &Arc<dyn Device>) {
         let mut devices = self.devices.write();
-        let device_weak = Arc::downgrade(device);
-        let index = devices.iter().position(|d| d.ptr_eq(&device_weak));
+        let index = devices.iter().position(|d| Arc::ptr_eq(d, device));
         if let Some(index) = index {
             devices.remove(index);
         }
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/disk/ahci/ahcidisk.rs b/kernel/src/driver/disk/ahci/ahcidisk.rs
index 16e700bb..b098e0e2 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/disk/ahci/ahcidisk.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/disk/ahci/ahcidisk.rs
@@ -499,11 +499,11 @@ impl Device for LockedAhciDisk {
         todo!()
     }
 
-    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Arc<dyn Bus>> {
+    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Weak<dyn Bus>> {
         todo!("LockedAhciDisk::bus()")
     }
 
-    fn set_bus(&self, _bus: Option<Arc<dyn Bus>>) {
+    fn set_bus(&self, _bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>) {
         todo!("LockedAhciDisk::set_bus()")
     }
 
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/net/e1000e/e1000e_driver.rs b/kernel/src/driver/net/e1000e/e1000e_driver.rs
index 8534145f..29a09815 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/net/e1000e/e1000e_driver.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/net/e1000e/e1000e_driver.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,10 @@ use crate::{
     net::{generate_iface_id, NET_DRIVERS},
     time::Instant,
 };
-use alloc::{string::String, sync::Arc};
+use alloc::{
+    string::String,
+    sync::{Arc, Weak},
+};
 use core::{
     cell::UnsafeCell,
     fmt::Debug,
@@ -218,11 +221,11 @@ impl Driver for E1000EInterface {
         todo!()
     }
 
-    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Arc<dyn Bus>> {
+    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Weak<dyn Bus>> {
         todo!()
     }
 
-    fn set_bus(&self, _bus: Option<Arc<dyn Bus>>) {
+    fn set_bus(&self, _bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>) {
         todo!()
     }
 }
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/net/virtio_net.rs b/kernel/src/driver/net/virtio_net.rs
index d7071667..c4a0ee41 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/net/virtio_net.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/net/virtio_net.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,10 @@ use core::{
     ops::{Deref, DerefMut},
 };
 
-use alloc::{string::String, sync::Arc};
+use alloc::{
+    string::String,
+    sync::{Arc, Weak},
+};
 use smoltcp::{phy, wire};
 use virtio_drivers::{device::net::VirtIONet, transport::Transport};
 
@@ -261,11 +264,11 @@ impl<T: Transport + 'static> Driver for VirtioInterface<T> {
         todo!()
     }
 
-    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Arc<dyn Bus>> {
+    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Weak<dyn Bus>> {
         todo!()
     }
 
-    fn set_bus(&self, _bus: Option<Arc<dyn Bus>>) {
+    fn set_bus(&self, _bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>) {
         todo!()
     }
 }
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/tty/serial/mod.rs b/kernel/src/driver/tty/serial/mod.rs
index 331c02ce..8c7faddb 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/tty/serial/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/tty/serial/mod.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use core::{fmt::Debug, sync::atomic::AtomicU32};
 use alloc::sync::Arc;
 use system_error::SystemError;
 
-use crate::{driver::base::device::DeviceNumber, mm::VirtAddr};
+use crate::{driver::base::device::device_number::DeviceNumber, mm::VirtAddr};
 
 use self::serial8250::serial8250_manager;
 
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/tty/serial/serial8250/mod.rs b/kernel/src/driver/tty/serial/serial8250/mod.rs
index 0f88d720..e10f45a4 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/tty/serial/serial8250/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/tty/serial/serial8250/mod.rs
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ use crate::{
         base::{
             class::Class,
             device::{
-                bus::Bus, device_manager, driver::Driver, Device, DeviceKObjType, DeviceNumber,
-                DeviceState, DeviceType, IdTable,
+                bus::Bus, device_manager, device_number::DeviceNumber, driver::Driver, Device,
+                DeviceKObjType, DeviceState, DeviceType, IdTable,
             },
             kobject::{KObjType, KObject, KObjectState, LockedKObjectState},
             kset::KSet,
@@ -94,6 +94,9 @@ impl Serial8250Manager {
         // todo: 把端口绑定到isa_dev、 isa_driver上
         self.register_ports(&serial8250_isa_driver, &serial8250_isa_dev);
 
+        serial8250_isa_dev.set_driver(Some(Arc::downgrade(
+            &(serial8250_isa_driver.clone() as Arc<dyn Driver>),
+        )));
         // todo: 把驱动注册到uart层、tty层
         uart_manager().register_driver(&(serial8250_isa_driver.clone() as Arc<dyn UartDriver>))?;
 
@@ -216,11 +219,11 @@ impl Device for Serial8250ISADevices {
     fn is_dead(&self) -> bool {
         false
     }
-    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Arc<dyn Bus>> {
+    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Weak<dyn Bus>> {
         self.inner.read().bus.clone()
     }
 
-    fn set_bus(&self, bus: Option<Arc<dyn Bus>>) {
+    fn set_bus(&self, bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>) {
         self.inner.write().bus = bus;
     }
 
@@ -229,7 +232,7 @@ impl Device for Serial8250ISADevices {
     }
 
     fn id_table(&self) -> IdTable {
-        return IdTable::new(self.name.to_string(), Some(DeviceNumber::new(0)));
+        return IdTable::new(self.name.to_string(), None);
     }
 
     fn driver(&self) -> Option<Arc<dyn Driver>> {
@@ -291,7 +294,7 @@ impl KObject for Serial8250ISADevices {
     }
 
     fn set_kobj_type(&self, _ktype: Option<&'static dyn KObjType>) {
-        todo!()
+        // 不允许修改
     }
 
     fn name(&self) -> String {
@@ -319,7 +322,7 @@ struct InnerSerial8250ISADevices {
     kset: Option<Arc<KSet>>,
     parent_kobj: Option<Weak<dyn KObject>>,
     /// 当前设备所述的总线
-    bus: Option<Arc<dyn Bus>>,
+    bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>,
     inode: Option<Arc<KernFSInode>>,
     driver: Option<Weak<dyn Driver>>,
     device_state: DeviceState,
@@ -351,7 +354,7 @@ enum Serial8250PlatformDeviceID {
 #[derive(Debug)]
 
 struct InnerSerial8250ISADriver {
-    bus: Option<Arc<dyn Bus>>,
+    bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>,
     kobj_type: Option<&'static dyn KObjType>,
     kset: Option<Arc<KSet>>,
     parent_kobj: Option<Weak<dyn KObject>>,
@@ -486,11 +489,11 @@ impl Driver for Serial8250ISADriver {
         inner.devices.retain(|d| !Arc::ptr_eq(d, device));
     }
 
-    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Arc<dyn Bus>> {
+    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Weak<dyn Bus>> {
         self.inner.read().bus.clone()
     }
 
-    fn set_bus(&self, bus: Option<Arc<dyn Bus>>) {
+    fn set_bus(&self, bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>) {
         self.inner.write().bus = bus;
     }
 }
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/tty/tty_device.rs b/kernel/src/driver/tty/tty_device.rs
index d41d7d7d..f5c534a7 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/tty/tty_device.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/tty/tty_device.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use alloc::{
     sync::{Arc, Weak},
 };
 use system_error::SystemError;
+use unified_init::macros::unified_init;
 
 use crate::{
     filesystem::{
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ use crate::{
             ROOT_INODE,
         },
     },
+    init::initcall::INITCALL_DEVICE,
     kerror,
     libs::{
         lib_ui::textui::{textui_putchar, FontColor},
@@ -280,6 +282,7 @@ impl TtyDevicePrivateData {
 }
 
 /// @brief 初始化TTY设备
+#[unified_init(INITCALL_DEVICE)]
 pub fn tty_init() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
     let tty: Arc<TtyDevice> = TtyDevice::new("tty0");
     let devfs_root_inode = ROOT_INODE().lookup("/dev");
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/base/fbcon.rs b/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/base/fbcon.rs
index b58a0238..d1ff6714 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/base/fbcon.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/base/fbcon.rs
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ struct InnerFbConsoleDevice {
     kernfs_inode: Option<Arc<KernFSInode>>,
     parent: Option<Weak<dyn KObject>>,
     kset: Option<Arc<KSet>>,
-    bus: Option<Arc<dyn Bus>>,
+    bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>,
     driver: Option<Weak<dyn Driver>>,
     ktype: Option<&'static dyn KObjType>,
 }
@@ -183,10 +183,14 @@ impl Device for FbConsoleDevice {
         IdTable::new(Self::NAME.to_string(), None)
     }
 
-    fn set_bus(&self, bus: Option<Arc<dyn Bus>>) {
+    fn set_bus(&self, bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>) {
         self.inner.lock().bus = bus;
     }
 
+    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Weak<dyn Bus>> {
+        self.inner.lock().bus.clone()
+    }
+
     fn set_class(&self, _class: Option<Arc<dyn Class>>) {
         // 不允许修改
         kwarn!("fbcon's class can not be changed");
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/base/fbmem.rs b/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/base/fbmem.rs
index 20951ab9..16bbdeb0 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/base/fbmem.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/base/fbmem.rs
@@ -1,23 +1,45 @@
+use core::intrinsics::unlikely;
+
 use alloc::{
-    string::ToString,
+    string::{String, ToString},
     sync::{Arc, Weak},
 };
+
 use system_error::SystemError;
 use unified_init::macros::unified_init;
 
-use crate::driver::base::{
-    class::{class_manager, Class},
-    device::sys_dev_char_kset,
-    init::SUBSYSTEM_INITIALIZER_SLICE,
-    kobject::KObject,
-    subsys::SubSysPrivate,
+use crate::{
+    driver::base::{
+        class::{class_manager, Class},
+        device::{
+            bus::Bus,
+            device_manager,
+            device_number::{DeviceNumber, Major},
+            driver::Driver,
+            sys_dev_char_kset, Device, DeviceType, IdTable,
+        },
+        kobject::{KObjType, KObject, KObjectState, LockedKObjectState},
+        kset::KSet,
+        subsys::SubSysPrivate,
+    },
+    filesystem::{kernfs::KernFSInode, sysfs::AttributeGroup},
+    init::initcall::INITCALL_SUBSYS,
+    libs::{
+        rwlock::{RwLock, RwLockReadGuard, RwLockWriteGuard},
+        spinlock::SpinLock,
+    },
 };
 
-use super::fbcon::fb_console_init;
+use super::{fbcon::fb_console_init, fbsysfs::FbDeviceAttrGroup, FbId, FrameBuffer};
 
 /// `/sys/class/graphics` 的 class 实例
 static mut CLASS_GRAPHICS_INSTANCE: Option<Arc<GraphicsClass>> = None;
 
+lazy_static! {
+    /// 帧缓冲区管理器
+    static ref FRAME_BUFFER_MANAGER: FrameBufferManager = FrameBufferManager::new();
+}
+
 /// 获取 `/sys/class/graphics` 的 class 实例
 #[inline(always)]
 #[allow(dead_code)]
@@ -25,8 +47,13 @@ pub fn sys_class_graphics_instance() -> Option<&'static Arc<GraphicsClass>> {
     unsafe { CLASS_GRAPHICS_INSTANCE.as_ref() }
 }
 
+#[inline(always)]
+pub fn frame_buffer_manager() -> &'static FrameBufferManager {
+    &FRAME_BUFFER_MANAGER
+}
+
 /// 初始化帧缓冲区子系统
-#[unified_init(SUBSYSTEM_INITIALIZER_SLICE)]
+#[unified_init(INITCALL_SUBSYS)]
 pub fn fbmem_init() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
     let graphics_class = GraphicsClass::new();
     class_manager().class_register(&(graphics_class.clone() as Arc<dyn Class>))?;
@@ -76,3 +103,236 @@ impl Class for GraphicsClass {
         return &self.subsystem;
     }
 }
+
+/// 帧缓冲区管理器
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct FrameBufferManager {
+    inner: RwLock<InnerFrameBufferManager>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct InnerFrameBufferManager {
+    /// 已经注册的帧缓冲区
+    registered_fbs: [Option<Arc<dyn FrameBuffer>>; FrameBufferManager::FB_MAX],
+}
+
+impl FrameBufferManager {
+    pub const FB_MAX: usize = 32;
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            inner: RwLock::new(InnerFrameBufferManager {
+                registered_fbs: Default::default(),
+            }),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// 注册一个帧缓冲区
+    ///
+    /// # 参数
+    ///
+    /// - fb: 帧缓冲区
+    pub fn register_fb(&self, fb: Arc<dyn FrameBuffer>) -> Result<FbId, SystemError> {
+        let id = self.generate_fb_id().expect("no more fb id");
+        fb.set_fb_id(id);
+        let fb_device = FbDevice::new(Arc::downgrade(&fb) as Weak<dyn FrameBuffer>, id);
+        device_manager().device_default_initialize(&(fb_device.clone() as Arc<dyn Device>));
+        fb_device.set_parent(Some(Arc::downgrade(&(fb.clone() as Arc<dyn KObject>))));
+
+        fb.set_fb_device(Some(fb_device.clone()));
+
+        device_manager().add_device(fb_device.clone() as Arc<dyn Device>)?;
+
+        // todo: 从Modedb中获取信息
+        // 参考： https://code.dragonos.org.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbmem.c#1584
+
+        let mut inner = self.inner.write();
+        inner.registered_fbs[id.data() as usize] = Some(fb.clone() as Arc<dyn FrameBuffer>);
+
+        // todo: 把fb跟fbcon关联起来
+        return Ok(id);
+    }
+
+    /// 注销一个帧缓冲区
+    ///
+    /// 参考 https://code.dragonos.org.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbmem.c#1726
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub fn unregister_fb(&self, _fb: Arc<dyn FrameBuffer>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        todo!("unregister_fb")
+    }
+
+    /// 根据id查找帧缓冲区
+    pub fn find_fb_by_id(&self, id: FbId) -> Result<Option<Arc<dyn FrameBuffer>>, SystemError> {
+        if unlikely(!id.is_valid()) {
+            return Err(SystemError::EINVAL);
+        }
+
+        let inner = self.inner.read();
+        return Ok(inner.registered_fbs[id.data() as usize].clone());
+    }
+
+    fn generate_fb_id(&self) -> Option<FbId> {
+        for i in 0..Self::FB_MAX {
+            if self.inner.read().registered_fbs[i].is_none() {
+                return Some(FbId::new(i as u32));
+            }
+        }
+        return None;
+    }
+}
+
+/// 抽象的帧缓冲区设备
+///
+/// 对应于`/sys/class/graphics/fb(x)`目录下的设备, 其中`(x)`为帧缓冲区的id
+///
+/// 该设备的父设备为真实的帧缓冲区设备
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[cast_to([sync] Device)]
+pub struct FbDevice {
+    inner: SpinLock<InnerFbDevice>,
+    kobj_state: LockedKObjectState,
+}
+
+impl FbDevice {
+    pub const BASENAME: &'static str = "fb";
+    fn new(fb: Weak<dyn FrameBuffer>, id: FbId) -> Arc<Self> {
+        Arc::new(Self {
+            inner: SpinLock::new(InnerFbDevice {
+                fb,
+                kern_inode: None,
+                parent: None,
+                kset: None,
+                ktype: None,
+                fb_id: id,
+            }),
+            kobj_state: LockedKObjectState::new(None),
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn framebuffer(&self) -> Option<Arc<dyn FrameBuffer>> {
+        self.inner.lock().fb.upgrade()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct InnerFbDevice {
+    fb: Weak<dyn FrameBuffer>,
+    kern_inode: Option<Arc<KernFSInode>>,
+    parent: Option<Weak<dyn KObject>>,
+    kset: Option<Arc<KSet>>,
+    ktype: Option<&'static dyn KObjType>,
+    /// 帧缓冲区id
+    fb_id: FbId,
+}
+
+impl KObject for FbDevice {
+    fn as_any_ref(&self) -> &dyn core::any::Any {
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn set_inode(&self, inode: Option<Arc<KernFSInode>>) {
+        self.inner.lock().kern_inode = inode;
+    }
+
+    fn inode(&self) -> Option<Arc<KernFSInode>> {
+        self.inner.lock().kern_inode.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn parent(&self) -> Option<Weak<dyn KObject>> {
+        self.inner.lock().parent.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn set_parent(&self, parent: Option<Weak<dyn KObject>>) {
+        self.inner.lock().parent = parent;
+    }
+
+    fn kset(&self) -> Option<Arc<KSet>> {
+        self.inner.lock().kset.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn set_kset(&self, kset: Option<Arc<KSet>>) {
+        self.inner.lock().kset = kset;
+    }
+
+    fn kobj_type(&self) -> Option<&'static dyn KObjType> {
+        self.inner.lock().ktype
+    }
+
+    fn set_kobj_type(&self, ktype: Option<&'static dyn KObjType>) {
+        self.inner.lock().ktype = ktype;
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> String {
+        format!("{}{}", Self::BASENAME, self.inner.lock().fb_id.data())
+    }
+
+    fn set_name(&self, _name: String) {
+        // do nothing
+    }
+
+    fn kobj_state(&self) -> RwLockReadGuard<KObjectState> {
+        self.kobj_state.read()
+    }
+
+    fn kobj_state_mut(&self) -> RwLockWriteGuard<KObjectState> {
+        self.kobj_state.write()
+    }
+
+    fn set_kobj_state(&self, state: KObjectState) {
+        *self.kobj_state.write() = state;
+    }
+}
+
+impl Device for FbDevice {
+    fn dev_type(&self) -> DeviceType {
+        DeviceType::Char
+    }
+
+    fn id_table(&self) -> IdTable {
+        IdTable::new(
+            Self::BASENAME.to_string(),
+            Some(DeviceNumber::new(
+                Major::FB_MAJOR,
+                self.inner.lock().fb_id.data(),
+            )),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn set_bus(&self, _bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>) {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    fn class(&self) -> Option<Arc<dyn Class>> {
+        sys_class_graphics_instance().map(|ins| ins.clone() as Arc<dyn Class>)
+    }
+    fn set_class(&self, _class: Option<Arc<dyn Class>>) {
+        // do nothing
+    }
+
+    fn driver(&self) -> Option<Arc<dyn Driver>> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    fn set_driver(&self, _driver: Option<Weak<dyn Driver>>) {
+        // do nothing
+    }
+
+    fn is_dead(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn can_match(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn set_can_match(&self, _can_match: bool) {
+        // do nothing
+    }
+
+    fn state_synced(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn attribute_groups(&self) -> Option<&'static [&'static dyn AttributeGroup]> {
+        Some(&[&FbDeviceAttrGroup])
+    }
+}
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/base/fbsysfs.rs b/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/base/fbsysfs.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..df6aa938
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/base/fbsysfs.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
+use system_error::SystemError;
+
+use crate::{
+    driver::base::kobject::KObject,
+    filesystem::{
+        sysfs::{file::sysfs_emit_str, Attribute, AttributeGroup, SysFSOpsSupport},
+        vfs::syscall::ModeType,
+    },
+};
+
+use super::fbmem::FbDevice;
+
+/// 为FbDevice实现的sysfs属性组
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct FbDeviceAttrGroup;
+
+impl AttributeGroup for FbDeviceAttrGroup {
+    fn name(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    fn attrs(&self) -> &[&'static dyn Attribute] {
+        &[
+            &AttrBitsPerPixel,
+            &AttrBlank,
+            &AttrMode,
+            &AttrModes,
+            &AttrName,
+            &AttrPan,
+            &AttrRotate,
+            &AttrState,
+            &AttrStride,
+            &AttrVirtualSize,
+        ]
+    }
+
+    fn is_visible(
+        &self,
+        _kobj: alloc::sync::Arc<dyn KObject>,
+        _attr: &'static dyn Attribute,
+    ) -> Option<ModeType> {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct AttrName;
+
+impl Attribute for AttrName {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "name"
+    }
+
+    fn mode(&self) -> ModeType {
+        ModeType::S_IRUGO
+    }
+
+    fn support(&self) -> SysFSOpsSupport {
+        SysFSOpsSupport::SHOW
+    }
+
+    fn show(&self, kobj: Arc<dyn KObject>, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        let fb_dev = kobj.arc_any().downcast::<FbDevice>().unwrap();
+        let fb = fb_dev.framebuffer().ok_or(SystemError::ENODEV)?;
+        let name = fb.name();
+        return sysfs_emit_str(buf, &format!("{}\n", name));
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct AttrBitsPerPixel;
+
+impl Attribute for AttrBitsPerPixel {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "bits_per_pixel"
+    }
+
+    fn mode(&self) -> ModeType {
+        ModeType::S_IRUGO | ModeType::S_IWUSR
+    }
+
+    fn support(&self) -> SysFSOpsSupport {
+        SysFSOpsSupport::SHOW | SysFSOpsSupport::STORE
+    }
+
+    fn store(&self, _kobj: Arc<dyn KObject>, _buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        kwarn!("attr bits_per_pixel store not implemented");
+        return Err(SystemError::ENOSYS);
+    }
+
+    fn show(&self, kobj: Arc<dyn KObject>, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        let fb_dev = kobj.arc_any().downcast::<FbDevice>().unwrap();
+        let fb = fb_dev.framebuffer().ok_or(SystemError::ENODEV)?;
+        let bits_per_pixel = fb.current_fb_var().bits_per_pixel;
+        return sysfs_emit_str(buf, &format!("{}\n", bits_per_pixel));
+    }
+}
+
+/// 用于清空屏幕的属性
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct AttrBlank;
+
+impl Attribute for AttrBlank {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "blank"
+    }
+
+    fn mode(&self) -> ModeType {
+        ModeType::S_IWUSR
+    }
+
+    fn support(&self) -> SysFSOpsSupport {
+        SysFSOpsSupport::STORE
+    }
+
+    // todo:  https://code.dragonos.org.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbsysfs.c#309
+    fn store(&self, _kobj: Arc<dyn KObject>, _buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        kwarn!("attr blank store not implemented");
+        return Err(SystemError::ENOSYS);
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct AttrMode;
+
+impl Attribute for AttrMode {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "mode"
+    }
+
+    fn mode(&self) -> ModeType {
+        ModeType::S_IRUGO | ModeType::S_IWUSR
+    }
+
+    fn support(&self) -> SysFSOpsSupport {
+        SysFSOpsSupport::SHOW | SysFSOpsSupport::STORE
+    }
+
+    /// https://code.dragonos.org.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbsysfs.c#166
+    fn show(&self, _kobj: Arc<dyn KObject>, _buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        todo!("AttrMode::show")
+    }
+
+    /// https://code.dragonos.org.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbsysfs.c#135
+    fn store(&self, _kobj: Arc<dyn KObject>, _buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        todo!("AttrMode::store")
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct AttrModes;
+
+impl Attribute for AttrModes {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "modes"
+    }
+
+    fn mode(&self) -> ModeType {
+        ModeType::S_IRUGO | ModeType::S_IWUSR
+    }
+
+    fn support(&self) -> SysFSOpsSupport {
+        SysFSOpsSupport::SHOW | SysFSOpsSupport::STORE
+    }
+
+    /// https://code.dragonos.org.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbsysfs.c#206
+    fn show(&self, _kobj: Arc<dyn KObject>, _buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        todo!("AttrMode::show")
+    }
+
+    /// https://code.dragonos.org.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbsysfs.c#177
+    fn store(&self, _kobj: Arc<dyn KObject>, _buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        todo!("AttrMode::store")
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct AttrPan;
+
+impl Attribute for AttrPan {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "pan"
+    }
+
+    fn mode(&self) -> ModeType {
+        ModeType::S_IRUGO | ModeType::S_IWUSR
+    }
+
+    fn support(&self) -> SysFSOpsSupport {
+        SysFSOpsSupport::SHOW | SysFSOpsSupport::STORE
+    }
+
+    fn show(&self, kobj: Arc<dyn KObject>, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        let fb_dev = kobj.arc_any().downcast::<FbDevice>().unwrap();
+        let fb = fb_dev.framebuffer().ok_or(SystemError::ENODEV)?;
+        let var_info = fb.current_fb_var();
+        return sysfs_emit_str(buf, &format!("{},{}\n", var_info.xoffset, var_info.yoffset));
+    }
+
+    /// https://code.dragonos.org.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbsysfs.c#365
+    fn store(&self, _kobj: Arc<dyn KObject>, _buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        todo!("AttrPan::store")
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct AttrVirtualSize;
+
+impl Attribute for AttrVirtualSize {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "virtual_size"
+    }
+
+    fn mode(&self) -> ModeType {
+        ModeType::S_IRUGO | ModeType::S_IWUSR
+    }
+
+    fn support(&self) -> SysFSOpsSupport {
+        SysFSOpsSupport::SHOW | SysFSOpsSupport::STORE
+    }
+
+    fn show(&self, kobj: Arc<dyn KObject>, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        let fb_dev = kobj.arc_any().downcast::<FbDevice>().unwrap();
+        let fb = fb_dev.framebuffer().ok_or(SystemError::ENODEV)?;
+        let var_info = fb.current_fb_var();
+        return sysfs_emit_str(
+            buf,
+            &format!("{},{}\n", var_info.xres_virtual, var_info.yres_virtual),
+        );
+    }
+
+    /// https://code.dragonos.org.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbsysfs.c#273
+    fn store(&self, _kobj: Arc<dyn KObject>, _buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        todo!("AttrVirtualSize::store")
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct AttrStride;
+
+impl Attribute for AttrStride {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "stride"
+    }
+
+    fn mode(&self) -> ModeType {
+        ModeType::S_IRUGO
+    }
+
+    fn support(&self) -> SysFSOpsSupport {
+        SysFSOpsSupport::SHOW
+    }
+
+    fn show(&self, kobj: Arc<dyn KObject>, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        let fb_dev = kobj.arc_any().downcast::<FbDevice>().unwrap();
+        let fb = fb_dev.framebuffer().ok_or(SystemError::ENODEV)?;
+        let fix_info = fb.current_fb_fix();
+        return sysfs_emit_str(buf, &format!("{}\n", fix_info.line_length));
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct AttrRotate;
+
+impl Attribute for AttrRotate {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "rotate"
+    }
+
+    fn mode(&self) -> ModeType {
+        ModeType::S_IRUGO | ModeType::S_IWUSR
+    }
+
+    fn support(&self) -> SysFSOpsSupport {
+        SysFSOpsSupport::SHOW | SysFSOpsSupport::STORE
+    }
+
+    fn show(&self, kobj: Arc<dyn KObject>, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        let fb_dev = kobj.arc_any().downcast::<FbDevice>().unwrap();
+        let fb = fb_dev.framebuffer().ok_or(SystemError::ENODEV)?;
+        let var_info = fb.current_fb_var();
+
+        return sysfs_emit_str(buf, &format!("{}\n", var_info.rotate_angle));
+    }
+
+    /// todo https://code.dragonos.org.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbsysfs.c#246
+    fn store(&self, _kobj: Arc<dyn KObject>, _buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        todo!("AttrRotate::store")
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct AttrState;
+
+impl Attribute for AttrState {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "state"
+    }
+
+    fn mode(&self) -> ModeType {
+        ModeType::S_IRUGO | ModeType::S_IWUSR
+    }
+
+    fn support(&self) -> SysFSOpsSupport {
+        SysFSOpsSupport::SHOW | SysFSOpsSupport::STORE
+    }
+
+    fn show(&self, kobj: Arc<dyn KObject>, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        let fb_dev = kobj.arc_any().downcast::<FbDevice>().unwrap();
+        let fb = fb_dev.framebuffer().ok_or(SystemError::ENODEV)?;
+
+        return sysfs_emit_str(buf, &format!("{}\n", fb.state() as u8));
+    }
+
+    /// todo https://code.dragonos.org.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/video/fbdev/core/fbsysfs.c#406
+    fn store(&self, _kobj: Arc<dyn KObject>, _buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        todo!("AttrState::store")
+    }
+}
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/base/mod.rs b/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/base/mod.rs
index 6c7302b5..29436e31 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/base/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/base/mod.rs
@@ -3,14 +3,41 @@ use system_error::SystemError;
 
 use crate::{
     driver::base::device::Device,
-    mm::{ucontext::LockedVMA, PhysAddr},
+    mm::{ucontext::LockedVMA, PhysAddr, VirtAddr},
 };
 
+use self::fbmem::{FbDevice, FrameBufferManager};
+
 pub mod fbcon;
 pub mod fbmem;
+pub mod fbsysfs;
+pub mod modedb;
+
+// 帧缓冲区id
+int_like!(FbId, u32);
+
+impl FbId {
+    /// 帧缓冲区id的初始值（无效值）
+    pub const INIT: Self = Self::new(u32::MAX);
+
+    /// 判断是否为无效的帧缓冲区id
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
+    pub const fn is_valid(&self) -> bool {
+        if self.0 == Self::INIT.0 || self.0 >= FrameBufferManager::FB_MAX as u32 {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+}
 
 /// 帧缓冲区应该实现的接口
-pub trait FrameBuffer: FrameBufferInfo + FrameBufferOps + Device {}
+pub trait FrameBuffer: FrameBufferInfo + FrameBufferOps + Device {
+    /// 获取帧缓冲区的id
+    fn fb_id(&self) -> FbId;
+
+    /// 设置帧缓冲区的id
+    fn set_fb_id(&self, id: FbId);
+}
 
 /// 帧缓冲区信息
 pub trait FrameBufferInfo {
@@ -18,19 +45,22 @@ pub trait FrameBufferInfo {
     fn screen_size(&self) -> usize;
 
     /// 获取当前的可变帧缓冲信息
-    fn current_fb_var(&self) -> &FbVarScreenInfo;
-
-    /// 获取当前的可变帧缓冲信息（可变引用）
-    fn current_fb_var_mut(&mut self) -> &mut FbVarScreenInfo;
+    fn current_fb_var(&self) -> FbVarScreenInfo;
 
     /// 获取当前的固定帧缓冲信息
-    fn current_fb_fix(&self) -> &FixedScreenInfo;
-
-    /// 获取当前的固定帧缓冲信息（可变引用）
-    fn current_fb_fix_mut(&mut self) -> &mut FixedScreenInfo;
+    fn current_fb_fix(&self) -> FixedScreenInfo;
 
     /// 获取当前的视频模式
     fn video_mode(&self) -> Option<&FbVideoMode>;
+
+    /// 获取当前帧缓冲区对应的`/sys/class/graphics/fb0`或者`/sys/class/graphics/fb1`等的设备结构体
+    fn fb_device(&self) -> Option<Arc<FbDevice>>;
+
+    /// 设置当前帧缓冲区对应的`/sys/class/graphics/fb0`或者`/sys/class/graphics/fb1`等的设备结构体
+    fn set_fb_device(&self, device: Option<Arc<FbDevice>>);
+
+    /// 获取帧缓冲区的状态
+    fn state(&self) -> FbState;
 }
 
 /// 帧缓冲区操作
@@ -94,6 +124,13 @@ pub trait FrameBufferOps {
     fn fb_destroy(&self);
 }
 
+/// 帧缓冲区的状态
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub enum FbState {
+    Running = 0,
+    Suspended = 1,
+}
+
 /// 屏幕黑屏模式。
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
@@ -221,10 +258,10 @@ pub struct FbVarScreenInfo {
     pub pixel_format: FbPixelFormat,
     /// 激活标志（参见FB_ACTIVATE_*）
     pub activate: FbActivateFlags,
-    /// 帧缓冲区的高度（像素）
-    pub height: u32,
-    /// 帧缓冲区的宽度（像素）
-    pub width: u32,
+    /// 帧缓冲区的高度（像素） None表示未知
+    pub height: Option<u32>,
+    /// 帧缓冲区的宽度（像素） None表示未知
+    pub width: Option<u32>,
     /// 像素时钟（皮秒）
     pub pixclock: u32,
     /// 左边距
@@ -249,6 +286,43 @@ pub struct FbVarScreenInfo {
     pub colorspace: V4l2Colorspace,
 }
 
+impl Default for FbVarScreenInfo {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            xres: Default::default(),
+            yres: Default::default(),
+            xres_virtual: Default::default(),
+            yres_virtual: Default::default(),
+            xoffset: Default::default(),
+            yoffset: Default::default(),
+            bits_per_pixel: Default::default(),
+            color_mode: Default::default(),
+            red: Default::default(),
+            green: Default::default(),
+            blue: Default::default(),
+            transp: Default::default(),
+            pixel_format: Default::default(),
+            activate: Default::default(),
+            height: None,
+            width: None,
+            pixclock: Default::default(),
+            left_margin: Default::default(),
+            right_margin: Default::default(),
+            upper_margin: Default::default(),
+            lower_margin: Default::default(),
+            hsync_len: Default::default(),
+            vsync_len: Default::default(),
+            sync: FbSyncFlags::empty(),
+            vmode: FbVModeFlags::empty(),
+            rotate_angle: Default::default(),
+            colorspace: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 帧缓冲区的颜色模式
+///
+/// 默认为彩色
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub enum FbColorMode {
@@ -260,6 +334,12 @@ pub enum FbColorMode {
     FourCC,
 }
 
+impl Default for FbColorMode {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        FbColorMode::Color
+    }
+}
+
 /// `FbBitfield` 结构体用于描述颜色字段的位域。
 ///
 /// 所有的偏移量都是从右边开始，位于一个精确为'bits_per_pixel'宽度的"像素"值内。
@@ -289,6 +369,16 @@ impl FbBitfield {
     }
 }
 
+impl Default for FbBitfield {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            offset: Default::default(),
+            length: Default::default(),
+            msb_right: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 bitflags! {
     /// `FbActivateFlags` 用于描述帧缓冲区的激活标志。
     ///
@@ -317,6 +407,12 @@ bitflags! {
     }
 }
 
+impl Default for FbActivateFlags {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        FbActivateFlags::FB_ACTIVATE_NOW
+    }
+}
+
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
 pub enum FbPixelFormat {
@@ -327,6 +423,12 @@ pub enum FbPixelFormat {
     Reserved,
 }
 
+impl Default for FbPixelFormat {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        FbPixelFormat::Standard
+    }
+}
+
 bitflags! {
     pub struct FbSyncFlags: u32 {
         /// 水平同步高电平有效
@@ -415,9 +517,9 @@ pub struct FixedScreenInfo {
     // 字符串，用于标识屏幕，例如 "TT Builtin"
     pub id: [char; 16],
     // 帧缓冲区的起始物理地址
-    pub smem_start: PhysAddr,
+    pub smem_start: Option<PhysAddr>,
     // 帧缓冲区的长度
-    pub smem_len: u32,
+    pub smem_len: usize,
     // 屏幕类型，参考 FB_TYPE_
     pub fb_type: FbType,
     // 用于表示交错平面的小端辅助类型
@@ -432,16 +534,61 @@ pub struct FixedScreenInfo {
     pub ywrapstep: u16,
     // 一行的大小（以字节为单位）
     pub line_length: u32,
-    // 内存映射I/O的起始物理地址
-    pub mmio_start: PhysAddr,
+    // 内存映射I/O端口的起始物理地址
+    pub mmio_start: Option<PhysAddr>,
     // 内存映射I/O的长度
-    pub mmio_len: u32,
+    pub mmio_len: usize,
     // 表示驱动器拥有的特定芯片/卡片类型
-    pub accel: u32,
+    pub accel: FbAccel,
     // 表示支持的特性，参考 FB_CAP_
     pub capabilities: FbCapability,
 }
 
+impl FixedScreenInfo {
+    /// 将字符串转换为长度为16的字符数组（包含结尾的`\0`）
+    ///
+    /// ## 参数
+    ///
+    /// - `name`: 字符串,长度不超过15，超过的部分将被截断
+    ///
+    /// ## 返回
+    ///
+    /// 长度为16的字符数组
+    pub const fn name2id(name: &str) -> [char; 16] {
+        let mut id = [0 as char; 16];
+        let mut i = 0;
+
+        while i < 15 && i < name.len() {
+            id[i] = name.as_bytes()[i] as char;
+            i += 1;
+        }
+
+        id[i] = '\0';
+        return id;
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for FixedScreenInfo {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            id: Default::default(),
+            smem_start: None,
+            smem_len: Default::default(),
+            fb_type: FbType::PackedPixels,
+            type_aux: Default::default(),
+            visual: FbVisual::Mono10,
+            xpanstep: Default::default(),
+            ypanstep: Default::default(),
+            ywrapstep: Default::default(),
+            line_length: Default::default(),
+            mmio_start: None,
+            mmio_len: Default::default(),
+            accel: Default::default(),
+            capabilities: Default::default(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// 帧缓冲类型
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
@@ -488,6 +635,12 @@ pub enum FbCapability {
     FourCC,
 }
 
+impl Default for FbCapability {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        FbCapability::Default
+    }
+}
+
 /// 视频模式
 #[allow(dead_code)]
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
@@ -521,3 +674,179 @@ pub struct FbVideoMode {
     /// 标志
     pub flag: u32,
 }
+
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub enum FbAccel {
+    /// 没有硬件加速器
+    None,
+
+    AtariBlitter = 1,
+    AmigaBlitter = 2,
+    S3Trio64 = 3,
+    NCR77C32BLT = 4,
+    S3Virge = 5,
+    AtiMach64GX = 6,
+    DECTGA = 7,
+    AtiMach64CT = 8,
+    AtiMach64VT = 9,
+    AtiMach64GT = 10,
+    SunCreator = 11,
+    SunCGSix = 12,
+    SunLeo = 13,
+    IMSTwinTurbo = 14,
+    Acc3DLabsPermedia2 = 15,
+    MatroxMGA2064W = 16,
+    MatroxMGA1064SG = 17,
+    MatroxMGA2164W = 18,
+    MatroxMGA2164WAGP = 19,
+    MatroxMGAG400 = 20,
+    NV3 = 21,
+    NV4 = 22,
+    NV5 = 23,
+    NV6 = 24,
+    XGIVolariV = 25,
+    XGIVolariZ = 26,
+    Omap1610 = 27,
+    TridentTGUI = 28,
+    Trident3DImage = 29,
+    TridentBlade3D = 30,
+    TridentBladeXP = 31,
+    CirrusAlpine = 32,
+    NeoMagicNM2070 = 90,
+    NeoMagicNM2090 = 91,
+    NeoMagicNM2093 = 92,
+    NeoMagicNM2097 = 93,
+    NeoMagicNM2160 = 94,
+    NeoMagicNM2200 = 95,
+    NeoMagicNM2230 = 96,
+    NeoMagicNM2360 = 97,
+    NeoMagicNM2380 = 98,
+    PXA3XX = 99,
+
+    Savage4 = 0x80,
+    Savage3D = 0x81,
+    Savage3DMV = 0x82,
+    Savage2000 = 0x83,
+    SavageMXMV = 0x84,
+    SavageMX = 0x85,
+    SavageIXMV = 0x86,
+    SavageIX = 0x87,
+    ProSavagePM = 0x88,
+    ProSavageKM = 0x89,
+    S3Twister = 0x8a,
+    S3TwisterK = 0x8b,
+    SuperSavage = 0x8c,
+    ProSavageDDR = 0x8d,
+    ProSavageDDRK = 0x8e,
+    // Add other accelerators here
+}
+
+impl Default for FbAccel {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        FbAccel::None
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct BootTimeScreenInfo {
+    pub origin_x: u8,
+    pub origin_y: u8,
+    /// text mode时，每行的字符数
+    pub origin_video_cols: u8,
+    /// text mode时，行数
+    pub origin_video_lines: u8,
+    /// 标记屏幕是否为VGA类型
+    pub is_vga: bool,
+    /// video mode type
+    pub video_type: BootTimeVideoType,
+
+    // 以下字段用于线性帧缓冲区
+    /// 线性帧缓冲区的起始物理地址
+    pub lfb_base: PhysAddr,
+    /// 线性帧缓冲区在初始化阶段被映射到的起始虚拟地址
+    ///
+    /// 这个值可能会被设置2次：
+    ///
+    /// - 内存管理初始化之前，early init阶段，临时映射
+    /// - 内存管理初始化完毕，重新映射时被设置
+    pub lfb_virt_base: Option<VirtAddr>,
+    /// 线性帧缓冲区的长度
+    pub lfb_size: usize,
+    /// 线性帧缓冲区的宽度（像素）
+    pub lfb_width: u32,
+    /// 线性帧缓冲区的高度（像素）
+    pub lfb_height: u32,
+    /// 线性帧缓冲区的深度（位数）
+    pub lfb_depth: u8,
+    /// 红色位域的大小
+    pub red_size: u8,
+    /// 红色位域的偏移量（左移位数）
+    pub red_pos: u8,
+    /// 绿色位域的大小
+    pub green_size: u8,
+    /// 绿色位域的偏移量（左移位数）
+    pub green_pos: u8,
+    /// 蓝色位域的大小
+    pub blue_size: u8,
+    /// 蓝色位域的偏移量（左移位数）
+    pub blue_pos: u8,
+}
+
+impl BootTimeScreenInfo {
+    pub const DEFAULT: Self = Self {
+        origin_x: 0,
+        origin_y: 0,
+        is_vga: false,
+        lfb_base: PhysAddr::new(0),
+        lfb_size: 0,
+        lfb_width: 0,
+        lfb_height: 0,
+        red_size: 0,
+        red_pos: 0,
+        green_size: 0,
+        green_pos: 0,
+        blue_size: 0,
+        blue_pos: 0,
+        video_type: BootTimeVideoType::UnDefined,
+        origin_video_cols: 0,
+        origin_video_lines: 0,
+        lfb_virt_base: None,
+        lfb_depth: 0,
+    };
+}
+
+/// Video types for different display hardware
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, Eq, PartialEq)]
+pub enum BootTimeVideoType {
+    UnDefined,
+    /// Monochrome Text Display
+    Mda,
+    /// CGA Display
+    Cga,
+    /// EGA/VGA in Monochrome Mode
+    EgaM,
+    /// EGA in Color Mode
+    EgaC,
+    /// VGA+ in Color Mode
+    VgaC,
+    /// VESA VGA in graphic mode
+    Vlfb,
+    /// ACER PICA-61 local S3 video
+    PicaS3,
+    /// MIPS Magnum 4000 G364 video
+    MipsG364,
+    /// Various SGI graphics hardware
+    Sgi,
+    /// DEC TGA
+    TgaC,
+    /// Sun frame buffer
+    Sun,
+    /// Sun PCI based frame buffer
+    SunPci,
+    /// PowerMacintosh frame buffer
+    Pmac,
+    /// EFI graphic mode
+    Efi,
+}
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/base/modedb.rs b/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/base/modedb.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b44d182a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/base/modedb.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+//! todo: 参考 https://code.dragonos.org.cn/xref/linux-6.1.9/drivers/video/fbdev/core/modedb.c
+//!
+//! 实现modedb
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/mod.rs b/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/mod.rs
index 6cf245d4..44ea30c2 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/mod.rs
@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 pub mod base;
+pub mod vesafb;
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/vesafb.rs b/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/vesafb.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..3b91e0fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/video/fbdev/vesafb.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+use core::{
+    ffi::{c_uint, c_void},
+    mem::MaybeUninit,
+    sync::atomic::AtomicBool,
+};
+
+use alloc::{
+    string::{String, ToString},
+    sync::{Arc, Weak},
+    vec::Vec,
+};
+use system_error::SystemError;
+use unified_init::macros::unified_init;
+
+use crate::{
+    arch::MMArch,
+    driver::{
+        base::{
+            class::Class,
+            device::{
+                bus::Bus, device_manager, driver::Driver, Device, DeviceState, DeviceType, IdTable,
+            },
+            kobject::{KObjType, KObject, KObjectState, LockedKObjectState},
+            kset::KSet,
+            platform::{
+                platform_device::{platform_device_manager, PlatformDevice},
+                platform_driver::{platform_driver_manager, PlatformDriver},
+                CompatibleTable,
+            },
+        },
+        tty::serial::serial8250::send_to_default_serial8250_port,
+        video::fbdev::base::{fbmem::frame_buffer_manager, FbVisual},
+    },
+    filesystem::{
+        kernfs::KernFSInode,
+        sysfs::{file::sysfs_emit_str, Attribute, AttributeGroup, SysFSOpsSupport},
+        vfs::syscall::ModeType,
+    },
+    include::bindings::bindings::{
+        multiboot2_get_Framebuffer_info, multiboot2_iter, multiboot_tag_framebuffer_info_t,
+    },
+    init::{boot_params, initcall::INITCALL_DEVICE},
+    libs::{
+        align::page_align_up,
+        once::Once,
+        rwlock::{RwLock, RwLockReadGuard, RwLockWriteGuard},
+        spinlock::SpinLock,
+    },
+    mm::{
+        allocator::page_frame::PageFrameCount, no_init::pseudo_map_phys, MemoryManagementArch,
+        PhysAddr, VirtAddr,
+    },
+};
+
+use super::base::{
+    fbmem::FbDevice, BlankMode, BootTimeVideoType, FbAccel, FbActivateFlags, FbId, FbState, FbType,
+    FbVModeFlags, FbVarScreenInfo, FbVideoMode, FixedScreenInfo, FrameBuffer, FrameBufferInfo,
+    FrameBufferOps,
+};
+
+/// 当前机器上面是否有vesa帧缓冲区
+static HAS_VESA_FB: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref VESAFB_FIX_INFO: RwLock<FixedScreenInfo> = RwLock::new(FixedScreenInfo {
+        id: FixedScreenInfo::name2id("VESA VGA"),
+        fb_type: FbType::PackedPixels,
+        accel: FbAccel::None,
+        ..Default::default()
+    });
+    static ref VESAFB_DEFINED: RwLock<FbVarScreenInfo> = RwLock::new(FbVarScreenInfo {
+        activate: FbActivateFlags::FB_ACTIVATE_NOW,
+        height: None,
+        width: None,
+        right_margin: 32,
+        upper_margin: 16,
+        lower_margin: 4,
+        vsync_len: 4,
+        vmode: FbVModeFlags::FB_VMODE_NONINTERLACED,
+
+        ..Default::default()
+    });
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[cast_to([sync] Device)]
+#[cast_to([sync] PlatformDevice)]
+pub struct VesaFb {
+    inner: SpinLock<InnerVesaFb>,
+    kobj_state: LockedKObjectState,
+}
+
+impl VesaFb {
+    pub const NAME: &'static str = "vesa_vga";
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        return Self {
+            inner: SpinLock::new(InnerVesaFb {
+                bus: None,
+                class: None,
+                driver: None,
+                kern_inode: None,
+                parent: None,
+                kset: None,
+                kobj_type: None,
+                device_state: DeviceState::NotInitialized,
+                pdev_id: 0,
+                pdev_id_auto: false,
+                fb_id: FbId::INIT,
+                fb_device: None,
+                fb_state: FbState::Suspended,
+            }),
+            kobj_state: LockedKObjectState::new(None),
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct InnerVesaFb {
+    bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>,
+    class: Option<Arc<dyn Class>>,
+    driver: Option<Weak<dyn Driver>>,
+    kern_inode: Option<Arc<KernFSInode>>,
+    parent: Option<Weak<dyn KObject>>,
+    kset: Option<Arc<KSet>>,
+    kobj_type: Option<&'static dyn KObjType>,
+    device_state: DeviceState,
+    pdev_id: i32,
+    pdev_id_auto: bool,
+    fb_id: FbId,
+    fb_device: Option<Arc<FbDevice>>,
+    fb_state: FbState,
+}
+
+impl FrameBuffer for VesaFb {
+    fn fb_id(&self) -> FbId {
+        self.inner.lock().fb_id
+    }
+
+    fn set_fb_id(&self, id: FbId) {
+        self.inner.lock().fb_id = id;
+    }
+}
+
+impl PlatformDevice for VesaFb {
+    fn pdev_name(&self) -> &str {
+        Self::NAME
+    }
+
+    fn set_pdev_id(&self, id: i32) {
+        self.inner.lock().pdev_id = id;
+    }
+
+    fn set_pdev_id_auto(&self, id_auto: bool) {
+        self.inner.lock().pdev_id_auto = id_auto;
+    }
+
+    fn compatible_table(&self) -> CompatibleTable {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    fn is_initialized(&self) -> bool {
+        self.inner.lock().device_state == DeviceState::Initialized
+    }
+
+    fn set_state(&self, set_state: DeviceState) {
+        self.inner.lock().device_state = set_state;
+    }
+}
+
+impl Device for VesaFb {
+    fn dev_type(&self) -> DeviceType {
+        DeviceType::Char
+    }
+
+    fn id_table(&self) -> IdTable {
+        IdTable::new(self.name(), None)
+    }
+
+    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Weak<dyn Bus>> {
+        self.inner.lock().bus.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn set_bus(&self, bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>) {
+        self.inner.lock().bus = bus;
+    }
+
+    fn set_class(&self, class: Option<Arc<dyn Class>>) {
+        self.inner.lock().class = class;
+    }
+
+    fn driver(&self) -> Option<Arc<dyn Driver>> {
+        self.inner.lock().driver.clone()?.upgrade()
+    }
+
+    fn set_driver(&self, driver: Option<Weak<dyn Driver>>) {
+        self.inner.lock().driver = driver;
+    }
+
+    fn is_dead(&self) -> bool {
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn can_match(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn set_can_match(&self, _can_match: bool) {}
+
+    fn state_synced(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+}
+
+impl KObject for VesaFb {
+    fn as_any_ref(&self) -> &dyn core::any::Any {
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn set_inode(&self, inode: Option<Arc<KernFSInode>>) {
+        self.inner.lock().kern_inode = inode;
+    }
+
+    fn inode(&self) -> Option<Arc<KernFSInode>> {
+        self.inner.lock().kern_inode.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn parent(&self) -> Option<Weak<dyn KObject>> {
+        self.inner.lock().parent.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn set_parent(&self, parent: Option<Weak<dyn KObject>>) {
+        self.inner.lock().parent = parent;
+    }
+
+    fn kset(&self) -> Option<Arc<KSet>> {
+        self.inner.lock().kset.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn set_kset(&self, kset: Option<Arc<KSet>>) {
+        self.inner.lock().kset = kset;
+    }
+
+    fn kobj_type(&self) -> Option<&'static dyn KObjType> {
+        self.inner.lock().kobj_type
+    }
+
+    fn set_kobj_type(&self, ktype: Option<&'static dyn KObjType>) {
+        self.inner.lock().kobj_type = ktype;
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> String {
+        Self::NAME.to_string()
+    }
+
+    fn set_name(&self, _name: String) {
+        // do nothing
+    }
+
+    fn kobj_state(&self) -> RwLockReadGuard<KObjectState> {
+        self.kobj_state.read()
+    }
+
+    fn kobj_state_mut(&self) -> RwLockWriteGuard<KObjectState> {
+        self.kobj_state.write()
+    }
+
+    fn set_kobj_state(&self, state: KObjectState) {
+        *self.kobj_state.write() = state;
+    }
+}
+
+impl FrameBufferOps for VesaFb {
+    fn fb_open(&self, _user: bool) {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    fn fb_release(&self, _user: bool) {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    fn fb_set_color_register(
+        &self,
+        _regno: u16,
+        _red: u16,
+        _green: u16,
+        _blue: u16,
+    ) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    fn fb_blank(&self, _blank_mode: BlankMode) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    fn fb_destroy(&self) {
+        todo!()
+    }
+}
+
+impl FrameBufferInfo for VesaFb {
+    fn fb_device(&self) -> Option<Arc<FbDevice>> {
+        self.inner.lock().fb_device.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn set_fb_device(&self, device: Option<Arc<FbDevice>>) {
+        self.inner.lock().fb_device = device;
+    }
+
+    fn screen_size(&self) -> usize {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    fn current_fb_var(&self) -> FbVarScreenInfo {
+        VESAFB_DEFINED.read().clone()
+    }
+
+    fn current_fb_fix(&self) -> FixedScreenInfo {
+        VESAFB_FIX_INFO.read().clone()
+    }
+
+    fn video_mode(&self) -> Option<&FbVideoMode> {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    fn state(&self) -> FbState {
+        self.inner.lock().fb_state
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[cast_to([sync] PlatformDriver)]
+struct VesaFbDriver {
+    inner: SpinLock<InnerVesaFbDriver>,
+    kobj_state: LockedKObjectState,
+}
+
+impl VesaFbDriver {
+    pub fn new() -> Arc<Self> {
+        let r = Arc::new(Self {
+            inner: SpinLock::new(InnerVesaFbDriver {
+                ktype: None,
+                kset: None,
+                parent: None,
+                kernfs_inode: None,
+                devices: Vec::new(),
+                bus: None,
+                self_ref: Weak::new(),
+            }),
+            kobj_state: LockedKObjectState::new(None),
+        });
+
+        r.inner.lock().self_ref = Arc::downgrade(&r);
+
+        return r;
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct InnerVesaFbDriver {
+    ktype: Option<&'static dyn KObjType>,
+    kset: Option<Arc<KSet>>,
+    parent: Option<Weak<dyn KObject>>,
+    kernfs_inode: Option<Arc<KernFSInode>>,
+    devices: Vec<Arc<dyn Device>>,
+    bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>,
+
+    self_ref: Weak<VesaFbDriver>,
+}
+
+impl VesaFbDriver {
+    const NAME: &'static str = "vesa-framebuffer";
+}
+
+impl PlatformDriver for VesaFbDriver {
+    fn probe(&self, device: &Arc<dyn PlatformDevice>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        let device = device
+            .clone()
+            .arc_any()
+            .downcast::<VesaFb>()
+            .map_err(|_| SystemError::EINVAL)?;
+
+        device.set_driver(Some(self.inner.lock_irqsave().self_ref.clone()));
+
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    fn remove(&self, _device: &Arc<dyn PlatformDevice>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        todo!()
+    }
+
+    fn shutdown(&self, _device: &Arc<dyn PlatformDevice>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        // do nothing
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    fn suspend(&self, _device: &Arc<dyn PlatformDevice>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        // do nothing
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    fn resume(&self, _device: &Arc<dyn PlatformDevice>) -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+        todo!()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Driver for VesaFbDriver {
+    fn id_table(&self) -> Option<IdTable> {
+        Some(IdTable::new(VesaFb::NAME.to_string(), None))
+    }
+
+    fn devices(&self) -> Vec<Arc<dyn Device>> {
+        self.inner.lock().devices.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn add_device(&self, device: Arc<dyn Device>) {
+        let mut guard = self.inner.lock();
+        // check if the device is already in the list
+        if guard.devices.iter().any(|dev| Arc::ptr_eq(dev, &device)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        guard.devices.push(device);
+    }
+
+    fn delete_device(&self, device: &Arc<dyn Device>) {
+        let mut guard = self.inner.lock();
+        guard.devices.retain(|dev| !Arc::ptr_eq(dev, device));
+    }
+
+    fn set_bus(&self, bus: Option<Weak<dyn Bus>>) {
+        self.inner.lock().bus = bus;
+    }
+
+    fn bus(&self) -> Option<Weak<dyn Bus>> {
+        self.inner.lock().bus.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn dev_groups(&self) -> &'static [&'static dyn AttributeGroup] {
+        return &[&VesaFbAnonAttributeGroup];
+    }
+}
+
+impl KObject for VesaFbDriver {
+    fn as_any_ref(&self) -> &dyn core::any::Any {
+        self
+    }
+
+    fn set_inode(&self, inode: Option<Arc<KernFSInode>>) {
+        self.inner.lock().kernfs_inode = inode;
+    }
+
+    fn inode(&self) -> Option<Arc<KernFSInode>> {
+        self.inner.lock().kernfs_inode.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn parent(&self) -> Option<Weak<dyn KObject>> {
+        self.inner.lock().parent.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn set_parent(&self, parent: Option<Weak<dyn KObject>>) {
+        self.inner.lock().parent = parent;
+    }
+
+    fn kset(&self) -> Option<Arc<KSet>> {
+        self.inner.lock().kset.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn set_kset(&self, kset: Option<Arc<KSet>>) {
+        self.inner.lock().kset = kset;
+    }
+
+    fn kobj_type(&self) -> Option<&'static dyn KObjType> {
+        self.inner.lock().ktype
+    }
+
+    fn set_kobj_type(&self, ktype: Option<&'static dyn KObjType>) {
+        self.inner.lock().ktype = ktype;
+    }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> String {
+        Self::NAME.to_string()
+    }
+
+    fn set_name(&self, _name: String) {
+        // do nothing
+    }
+
+    fn kobj_state(&self) -> RwLockReadGuard<KObjectState> {
+        self.kobj_state.read()
+    }
+
+    fn kobj_state_mut(&self) -> RwLockWriteGuard<KObjectState> {
+        self.kobj_state.write()
+    }
+
+    fn set_kobj_state(&self, state: KObjectState) {
+        *self.kobj_state.write() = state;
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct VesaFbAnonAttributeGroup;
+
+impl AttributeGroup for VesaFbAnonAttributeGroup {
+    fn name(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        None
+    }
+
+    fn attrs(&self) -> &[&'static dyn Attribute] {
+        &[&AnonAttrPhysAddr as &'static dyn Attribute]
+    }
+
+    fn is_visible(
+        &self,
+        _kobj: Arc<dyn KObject>,
+        attr: &'static dyn Attribute,
+    ) -> Option<ModeType> {
+        Some(attr.mode())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct AnonAttrPhysAddr;
+
+impl Attribute for AnonAttrPhysAddr {
+    fn name(&self) -> &str {
+        "smem_start"
+    }
+
+    fn mode(&self) -> ModeType {
+        ModeType::S_IRUGO
+    }
+
+    fn support(&self) -> SysFSOpsSupport {
+        SysFSOpsSupport::SHOW
+    }
+
+    fn show(&self, _kobj: Arc<dyn KObject>, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, SystemError> {
+        sysfs_emit_str(
+            buf,
+            format!(
+                "0x{:x}\n",
+                VESAFB_FIX_INFO
+                    .read()
+                    .smem_start
+                    .unwrap_or(PhysAddr::new(0))
+                    .data()
+            )
+            .as_str(),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+#[unified_init(INITCALL_DEVICE)]
+pub fn vesa_fb_driver_init() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+    let driver = VesaFbDriver::new();
+
+    platform_driver_manager().register(driver)?;
+
+    return Ok(());
+}
+
+/// 在内存管理初始化之前,初始化vesafb
+pub fn vesafb_early_init() -> Result<VirtAddr, SystemError> {
+    let mut _reserved: u32 = 0;
+
+    let mut fb_info: MaybeUninit<multiboot_tag_framebuffer_info_t> = MaybeUninit::uninit();
+    //从multiboot2中读取帧缓冲区信息至fb_info
+
+    // todo: 换成rust的，并且检测是否成功获取
+    unsafe {
+        multiboot2_iter(
+            Some(multiboot2_get_Framebuffer_info),
+            fb_info.as_mut_ptr() as usize as *mut c_void,
+            &mut _reserved as *mut c_uint,
+        )
+    };
+    unsafe { fb_info.assume_init() };
+    let fb_info: multiboot_tag_framebuffer_info_t = unsafe { core::mem::transmute(fb_info) };
+
+    // todo: 判断是否有vesa帧缓冲区，这里暂时直接设置true
+    HAS_VESA_FB.store(true, core::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst);
+
+    let width = fb_info.framebuffer_width;
+    let height = fb_info.framebuffer_height;
+
+    let mut boot_params_guard = boot_params().write();
+    let boottime_screen_info = &mut boot_params_guard.screen_info;
+
+    boottime_screen_info.is_vga = true;
+
+    boottime_screen_info.lfb_base = PhysAddr::new(fb_info.framebuffer_addr as usize);
+
+    if fb_info.framebuffer_type == 2 {
+        //当type=2时,width与height用字符数表示,故depth=8
+        boottime_screen_info.origin_video_cols = width as u8;
+        boottime_screen_info.origin_video_lines = height as u8;
+        boottime_screen_info.video_type = BootTimeVideoType::Mda;
+        boottime_screen_info.lfb_depth = 8;
+    } else {
+        //否则为图像模式,depth应参照帧缓冲区信息里面的每个像素的位数
+        boottime_screen_info.lfb_width = width;
+        boottime_screen_info.lfb_height = height;
+        boottime_screen_info.video_type = BootTimeVideoType::Vlfb;
+        boottime_screen_info.lfb_depth = fb_info.framebuffer_bpp as u8;
+    }
+
+    boottime_screen_info.lfb_size =
+        (width * height * ((fb_info.framebuffer_bpp as u32 + 7) / 8)) as usize;
+
+    let buf_vaddr = VirtAddr::new(0xffff800003200000);
+    boottime_screen_info.lfb_virt_base = Some(buf_vaddr);
+
+    let init_text = "Video driver to map.\n\0";
+    send_to_default_serial8250_port(init_text.as_bytes());
+
+    // 地址映射
+    let paddr = PhysAddr::new(fb_info.framebuffer_addr as usize);
+    let count =
+        PageFrameCount::new(page_align_up(boottime_screen_info.lfb_size) / MMArch::PAGE_SIZE);
+    unsafe { pseudo_map_phys(buf_vaddr, paddr, count) };
+    return Ok(buf_vaddr);
+}
+
+#[unified_init(INITCALL_DEVICE)]
+fn vesa_fb_device_init() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+    // 如果没有vesa帧缓冲区，直接返回
+    if !HAS_VESA_FB.load(core::sync::atomic::Ordering::SeqCst) {
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+
+    static INIT: Once = Once::new();
+    INIT.call_once(|| {
+        kinfo!("vesa fb device init");
+
+        let mut fix_info_guard = VESAFB_FIX_INFO.write_irqsave();
+        let mut var_info_guard = VESAFB_DEFINED.write_irqsave();
+
+        let boot_params_guard = boot_params().read();
+        let boottime_screen_info = &boot_params_guard.screen_info;
+
+        fix_info_guard.smem_start = Some(boottime_screen_info.lfb_base);
+        fix_info_guard.smem_len = boottime_screen_info.lfb_size;
+
+        if boottime_screen_info.video_type == BootTimeVideoType::Mda {
+            fix_info_guard.visual = FbVisual::Mono10;
+            var_info_guard.bits_per_pixel = 8;
+            fix_info_guard.line_length = (boottime_screen_info.origin_video_cols as u32)
+                * (var_info_guard.bits_per_pixel / 8);
+            var_info_guard.xres_virtual = boottime_screen_info.origin_video_cols as u32;
+            var_info_guard.yres_virtual = boottime_screen_info.origin_video_lines as u32;
+        } else {
+            fix_info_guard.visual = FbVisual::TrueColor;
+            var_info_guard.bits_per_pixel = boottime_screen_info.lfb_depth as u32;
+            fix_info_guard.line_length =
+                (boottime_screen_info.lfb_width as u32) * (var_info_guard.bits_per_pixel / 8);
+            var_info_guard.xres_virtual = boottime_screen_info.lfb_width as u32;
+            var_info_guard.yres_virtual = boottime_screen_info.lfb_height as u32;
+        }
+
+        drop(var_info_guard);
+        drop(fix_info_guard);
+
+        let device = Arc::new(VesaFb::new());
+        device_manager().device_default_initialize(&(device.clone() as Arc<dyn Device>));
+
+        platform_device_manager()
+            .device_add(device.clone() as Arc<dyn PlatformDevice>)
+            .expect("vesa_fb_device_init: platform_device_manager().device_add failed");
+
+        frame_buffer_manager()
+            .register_fb(device.clone() as Arc<dyn FrameBuffer>)
+            .expect("vesa_fb_device_init: frame_buffer_manager().register_fb failed");
+
+        // 设置vesa fb的状态为运行中
+        device.inner.lock().fb_state = FbState::Running;
+    });
+
+    return Ok(());
+}
diff --git a/kernel/src/driver/video/mod.rs b/kernel/src/driver/video/mod.rs
index 97cc0da3..7559114e 100644
--- a/kernel/src/driver/video/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/driver/video/mod.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,12 @@
-use core::{
-    ffi::{c_uint, c_void},
-    mem::MaybeUninit,
-    sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
-};
+use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 
 use crate::{
     arch::MMArch,
     driver::tty::serial::serial8250::send_to_default_serial8250_port,
     include::bindings::bindings::{
-        multiboot2_get_Framebuffer_info, multiboot2_iter, multiboot_tag_framebuffer_info_t,
         FRAME_BUFFER_MAPPING_OFFSET, SPECIAL_MEMOEY_MAPPING_VIRT_ADDR_BASE,
     },
+    init::boot_params,
     kinfo,
     libs::{
         align::page_align_up,
@@ -19,8 +15,8 @@ use crate::{
         spinlock::SpinLock,
     },
     mm::{
-        allocator::page_frame::PageFrameCount, kernel_mapper::KernelMapper,
-        no_init::pseudo_map_phys, page::PageFlags, MemoryManagementArch, PhysAddr, VirtAddr,
+        allocator::page_frame::PageFrameCount, kernel_mapper::KernelMapper, page::PageFlags,
+        MemoryManagementArch, VirtAddr,
     },
     time::timer::{Timer, TimerFunction},
 };
@@ -42,7 +38,6 @@ pub fn video_refresh_manager() -> &'static VideoRefreshManager {
 ///管理显示刷新变量的结构体
 pub struct VideoRefreshManager {
     device_buffer: RwLock<ScmBufferInfo>,
-    fb_info: multiboot_tag_framebuffer_info_t,
     refresh_target: RwLock<Option<Arc<SpinLock<Box<[u32]>>>>>,
     running: AtomicBool,
 }
@@ -94,6 +89,7 @@ impl VideoRefreshManager {
         let buf_vaddr = VirtAddr::new(
             SPECIAL_MEMOEY_MAPPING_VIRT_ADDR_BASE as usize + FRAME_BUFFER_MAPPING_OFFSET as usize,
         );
+        boot_params().write_irqsave().screen_info.lfb_virt_base = Some(buf_vaddr);
 
         let mut frame_buffer_info_graud = self.device_buffer.write();
         if let ScmBuffer::DeviceBuffer(vaddr) = &mut (frame_buffer_info_graud).buf {
@@ -101,7 +97,7 @@ impl VideoRefreshManager {
         }
 
         // 地址映射
-        let mut paddr = PhysAddr::new(self.fb_info.framebuffer_addr as usize);
+        let mut paddr = boot_params().read().screen_info.lfb_base;
         let count = PageFrameCount::new(
             page_align_up(frame_buffer_info_graud.buf_size()) / MMArch::PAGE_SIZE,
         );
@@ -178,68 +174,48 @@ impl VideoRefreshManager {
     }
 
     /// 此函数用于初始化显示驱动，为后续的图形输出做好准备。
-    #[cfg(not(target_arch = "riscv64"))]
+    #[cfg(target_arch = "x86_64")]
     pub unsafe fn video_init() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
-        static INIT: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
-
-        if INIT
-            .compare_exchange(false, true, Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::SeqCst)
-            .is_err()
-        {
-            panic!("Try to init video twice!");
-        }
-
-        let mut _reserved: u32 = 0;
-
-        let mut fb_info: MaybeUninit<multiboot_tag_framebuffer_info_t> = MaybeUninit::uninit();
-        //从multiboot2中读取帧缓冲区信息至fb_info
-        multiboot2_iter(
-            Some(multiboot2_get_Framebuffer_info),
-            fb_info.as_mut_ptr() as usize as *mut c_void,
-            &mut _reserved as *mut c_uint,
-        );
-        fb_info.assume_init();
-        let fb_info: multiboot_tag_framebuffer_info_t = core::mem::transmute(fb_info);
-
-        let width = fb_info.framebuffer_width;
-        let height = fb_info.framebuffer_height;
-
-        //初始化帧缓冲区信息结构体
-        let (bit_depth, flags) = if fb_info.framebuffer_type == 2 {
-            //当type=2时,width与height用字符数表示,故depth=8
-
-            (8u32, ScmBufferFlag::SCM_BF_TEXT | ScmBufferFlag::SCM_BF_FB)
-        } else {
-            //否则为图像模式,depth应参照帧缓冲区信息里面的每个像素的位数
-            (
-                fb_info.framebuffer_bpp as u32,
-                ScmBufferFlag::SCM_BF_PIXEL | ScmBufferFlag::SCM_BF_FB,
-            )
+        use crate::{
+            arch::driver::video::arch_video_early_init,
+            driver::video::fbdev::base::BootTimeVideoType,
         };
 
-        let buf_vaddr = VirtAddr::new(0xffff800003200000);
-        let device_buffer = ScmBufferInfo::new_device_buffer(
-            width,
-            height,
-            width * height * ((bit_depth + 7) / 8),
-            bit_depth,
-            flags,
-            buf_vaddr,
-        )
-        .unwrap();
+        arch_video_early_init()?;
 
-        let init_text = "Video driver to map.\n\0";
-        send_to_default_serial8250_port(init_text.as_bytes());
+        let boot_params_guard = boot_params().read();
+        let screen_info = &boot_params_guard.screen_info;
+        let buf_vaddr = screen_info.lfb_virt_base.unwrap();
 
-        //地址映射
-        let paddr = PhysAddr::new(fb_info.framebuffer_addr as usize);
-        let count = PageFrameCount::new(
-            page_align_up(device_buffer.buf_size() as usize) / MMArch::PAGE_SIZE,
-        );
-        pseudo_map_phys(buf_vaddr, paddr, count);
+        let buf_flag: ScmBufferFlag;
+        let device_buffer: ScmBufferInfo;
+
+        if screen_info.video_type == BootTimeVideoType::Mda {
+            buf_flag = ScmBufferFlag::SCM_BF_TEXT | ScmBufferFlag::SCM_BF_FB;
+            device_buffer = ScmBufferInfo::new_device_buffer(
+                screen_info.origin_video_cols.into(),
+                screen_info.origin_video_lines.into(),
+                screen_info.lfb_size as u32,
+                screen_info.lfb_depth.into(),
+                buf_flag,
+                buf_vaddr,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+        } else {
+            // 图形模式
+            buf_flag = ScmBufferFlag::SCM_BF_PIXEL | ScmBufferFlag::SCM_BF_FB;
+            device_buffer = ScmBufferInfo::new_device_buffer(
+                screen_info.lfb_width,
+                screen_info.lfb_height,
+                screen_info.lfb_size as u32,
+                screen_info.lfb_depth.into(),
+                buf_flag,
+                buf_vaddr,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+        }
 
         let result = Self {
-            fb_info,
             device_buffer: RwLock::new(device_buffer),
             refresh_target: RwLock::new(None),
             running: AtomicBool::new(false),
diff --git a/kernel/src/filesystem/fat/fs.rs b/kernel/src/filesystem/fat/fs.rs
index 3e7353bf..f642210d 100644
--- a/kernel/src/filesystem/fat/fs.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/filesystem/fat/fs.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use alloc::{
     vec::Vec,
 };
 
+use crate::driver::base::device::device_number::DeviceNumber;
 use crate::filesystem::vfs::SpecialNodeData;
 use crate::ipc::pipe::LockedPipeInode;
 use crate::{
@@ -1685,7 +1686,7 @@ impl IndexNode for LockedFATInode {
         &self,
         filename: &str,
         mode: ModeType,
-        _dev_t: crate::driver::base::device::DeviceNumber,
+        _dev_t: DeviceNumber,
     ) -> Result<Arc<dyn IndexNode>, SystemError> {
         let mut inode = self.0.lock();
         if inode.metadata.file_type != FileType::Dir {
diff --git a/kernel/src/filesystem/ramfs/mod.rs b/kernel/src/filesystem/ramfs/mod.rs
index b74b9f46..5b214660 100644
--- a/kernel/src/filesystem/ramfs/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/filesystem/ramfs/mod.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use alloc::{
 use system_error::SystemError;
 
 use crate::{
+    driver::base::device::device_number::DeviceNumber,
     filesystem::vfs::{core::generate_inode_id, FileType},
     ipc::pipe::LockedPipeInode,
     libs::spinlock::{SpinLock, SpinLockGuard},
@@ -475,7 +476,7 @@ impl IndexNode for LockedRamFSInode {
         &self,
         filename: &str,
         mode: ModeType,
-        _dev_t: crate::driver::base::device::DeviceNumber,
+        _dev_t: DeviceNumber,
     ) -> Result<Arc<dyn IndexNode>, SystemError> {
         let mut inode = self.0.lock();
         if inode.metadata.file_type != FileType::Dir {
diff --git a/kernel/src/filesystem/vfs/mod.rs b/kernel/src/filesystem/vfs/mod.rs
index e82e12f7..4dbc81d0 100644
--- a/kernel/src/filesystem/vfs/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/filesystem/vfs/mod.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ use alloc::{string::String, sync::Arc, vec::Vec};
 use system_error::SystemError;
 
 use crate::{
-    driver::base::{block::block_device::BlockDevice, char::CharDevice, device::DeviceNumber},
+    driver::base::{
+        block::block_device::BlockDevice, char::CharDevice, device::device_number::DeviceNumber,
+    },
     ipc::pipe::LockedPipeInode,
     libs::casting::DowncastArc,
     time::TimeSpec,
diff --git a/kernel/src/filesystem/vfs/mount.rs b/kernel/src/filesystem/vfs/mount.rs
index e92605e8..31bca7a8 100644
--- a/kernel/src/filesystem/vfs/mount.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/filesystem/vfs/mount.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use alloc::{
 };
 use system_error::SystemError;
 
-use crate::{driver::base::device::DeviceNumber, libs::spinlock::SpinLock};
+use crate::{driver::base::device::device_number::DeviceNumber, libs::spinlock::SpinLock};
 
 use super::{
     file::FileMode, syscall::ModeType, FilePrivateData, FileSystem, FileType, IndexNode, InodeId,
diff --git a/kernel/src/filesystem/vfs/syscall.rs b/kernel/src/filesystem/vfs/syscall.rs
index 7875d207..77c1f3a3 100644
--- a/kernel/src/filesystem/vfs/syscall.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/filesystem/vfs/syscall.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use alloc::{
 use system_error::SystemError;
 
 use crate::{
-    driver::base::{block::SeekFrom, device::DeviceNumber},
+    driver::base::{block::SeekFrom, device::device_number::DeviceNumber},
     filesystem::vfs::file::FileDescriptorVec,
     kerror,
     libs::rwlock::RwLockWriteGuard,
diff --git a/kernel/src/init/initcall.rs b/kernel/src/init/initcall.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a9e25690
--- /dev/null
+++ b/kernel/src/init/initcall.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+use system_error::SystemError;
+use unified_init::{define_public_unified_initializer_slice, unified_init};
+
+define_public_unified_initializer_slice!(INITCALL_PURE);
+define_public_unified_initializer_slice!(INITCALL_CORE);
+define_public_unified_initializer_slice!(INITCALL_POSTCORE);
+define_public_unified_initializer_slice!(INITCALL_ARCH);
+define_public_unified_initializer_slice!(INITCALL_SUBSYS);
+define_public_unified_initializer_slice!(INITCALL_FS);
+define_public_unified_initializer_slice!(INITCALL_ROOTFS);
+define_public_unified_initializer_slice!(INITCALL_DEVICE);
+define_public_unified_initializer_slice!(INITCALL_LATE);
+
+pub fn do_initcalls() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+    unified_init!(INITCALL_PURE);
+    unified_init!(INITCALL_CORE);
+    unified_init!(INITCALL_POSTCORE);
+    unified_init!(INITCALL_ARCH);
+    unified_init!(INITCALL_SUBSYS);
+    unified_init!(INITCALL_FS);
+    unified_init!(INITCALL_ROOTFS);
+    unified_init!(INITCALL_DEVICE);
+    unified_init!(INITCALL_LATE);
+    return Ok(());
+}
diff --git a/kernel/src/process/init.rs b/kernel/src/init/initial_kthread.rs
similarity index 72%
rename from kernel/src/process/init.rs
rename to kernel/src/init/initial_kthread.rs
index 2d2d7210..20462733 100644
--- a/kernel/src/process/init.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/init/initial_kthread.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 //! 这个文件内放置初始内核线程的代码。
 
 use alloc::string::String;
+use system_error::SystemError;
 
 use crate::{
     arch::process::arch_switch_to_user,
@@ -13,8 +14,23 @@ use crate::{
     process::{kthread::KernelThreadMechanism, process::stdio_init},
 };
 
+use super::initcall::do_initcalls;
+
 pub fn initial_kernel_thread() -> i32 {
+    kernel_init().unwrap_or_else(|err| {
+        panic!("Failed to initialize kernel: {:?}", err);
+    });
+
+    switch_to_user();
+
+    loop {}
+}
+
+fn kernel_init() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+    kenrel_init_freeable()?;
+
     KernelThreadMechanism::init_stage2();
+
     // 由于目前加锁，速度过慢，所以先不开启双缓冲
     // scm_enable_double_buffer().expect("Failed to enable double buffer");
     stdio_init().expect("Failed to initialize stdio");
@@ -31,9 +47,16 @@ pub fn initial_kernel_thread() -> i32 {
 
     kdebug!("initial kernel thread done.");
 
-    switch_to_user();
+    return Ok(());
+}
 
-    loop {}
+#[inline(never)]
+fn kenrel_init_freeable() -> Result<(), SystemError> {
+    do_initcalls().unwrap_or_else(|err| {
+        panic!("Failed to initialize subsystems: {:?}", err);
+    });
+
+    return Ok(());
 }
 
 /// 切换到用户态
diff --git a/kernel/src/init/mod.rs b/kernel/src/init/mod.rs
index 42bae686..c92a4f6f 100644
--- a/kernel/src/init/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/init/mod.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,23 @@
 use crate::{
-    driver::{tty::init::tty_early_init, video::VideoRefreshManager},
-    libs::lib_ui::screen_manager::scm_init,
+    driver::{
+        tty::init::tty_early_init,
+        video::{fbdev::base::BootTimeScreenInfo, VideoRefreshManager},
+    },
+    libs::{lib_ui::screen_manager::scm_init, rwlock::RwLock},
 };
 
-pub mod c_adapter;
+mod c_adapter;
+
+pub mod initcall;
+pub mod initial_kthread;
+
+/// 启动参数
+static BOOT_PARAMS: RwLock<BootParams> = RwLock::new(BootParams::new());
+
+#[inline(always)]
+pub fn boot_params() -> &'static RwLock<BootParams> {
+    &BOOT_PARAMS
+}
 
 fn init_intertrait() {
     intertrait::init_caster_map();
@@ -15,3 +29,18 @@ pub fn init_before_mem_init() {
     let video_ok = unsafe { VideoRefreshManager::video_init().is_ok() };
     scm_init(video_ok);
 }
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct BootParams {
+    pub screen_info: BootTimeScreenInfo,
+}
+
+impl BootParams {
+    const DEFAULT: Self = BootParams {
+        screen_info: BootTimeScreenInfo::DEFAULT,
+    };
+
+    const fn new() -> Self {
+        Self::DEFAULT
+    }
+}
diff --git a/kernel/src/lib.rs b/kernel/src/lib.rs
index 3539c80f..36070872 100644
--- a/kernel/src/lib.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/lib.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #![feature(allocator_api)]
 #![feature(arbitrary_self_types)]
 #![feature(asm_const)]
+#![feature(const_for)]
 #![feature(const_mut_refs)]
 #![feature(const_trait_impl)]
 #![feature(const_refs_to_cell)]
diff --git a/kernel/src/process/kthread.rs b/kernel/src/process/kthread.rs
index f7567a00..a1c8f169 100644
--- a/kernel/src/process/kthread.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/process/kthread.rs
@@ -15,14 +15,13 @@ use system_error::SystemError;
 use crate::{
     arch::{sched::sched, CurrentIrqArch},
     exception::InterruptArch,
+    init::initial_kthread::initial_kernel_thread,
     kdebug, kinfo,
     libs::{once::Once, spinlock::SpinLock},
     process::{ProcessManager, ProcessState},
 };
 
-use super::{
-    fork::CloneFlags, init::initial_kernel_thread, Pid, ProcessControlBlock, ProcessFlags,
-};
+use super::{fork::CloneFlags, Pid, ProcessControlBlock, ProcessFlags};
 
 /// 内核线程的创建任务列表
 static KTHREAD_CREATE_LIST: SpinLock<LinkedList<Arc<KernelThreadCreateInfo>>> =
diff --git a/kernel/src/process/mod.rs b/kernel/src/process/mod.rs
index c68779a1..f3008d69 100644
--- a/kernel/src/process/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/process/mod.rs
@@ -59,7 +59,6 @@ pub mod exec;
 pub mod exit;
 pub mod fork;
 pub mod idle;
-pub mod init;
 pub mod kthread;
 pub mod pid;
 pub mod process;
diff --git a/kernel/src/syscall/mod.rs b/kernel/src/syscall/mod.rs
index 57c0aeb9..2c79b6c5 100644
--- a/kernel/src/syscall/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/syscall/mod.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use core::{
 
 use crate::{
     arch::{ipc::signal::SigSet, syscall::nr::*},
+    driver::base::device::device_number::DeviceNumber,
     libs::{futex::constant::FutexFlag, rand::GRandFlags},
     process::{
         fork::KernelCloneArgs,
@@ -681,11 +682,7 @@ impl Syscall {
                 let flags = args[1];
                 let dev_t = args[2];
                 let flags: ModeType = ModeType::from_bits_truncate(flags as u32);
-                Self::mknod(
-                    path as *const i8,
-                    flags,
-                    crate::driver::base::device::DeviceNumber::from(dev_t),
-                )
+                Self::mknod(path as *const i8, flags, DeviceNumber::from(dev_t as u32))
             }
 
             SYS_CLONE => {
diff --git a/user/apps/test_sqlite3/Makefile b/user/apps/test_sqlite3/Makefile
index 7d3ed8f3..1bbbca5f 100644
--- a/user/apps/test_sqlite3/Makefile
+++ b/user/apps/test_sqlite3/Makefile
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ sqlite3.o: $(SQLITE3_DIR)/sqlite3.c
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $(SQLITE3_DIR)/sqlite3.c -o sqlite3.o
 
 __download_sqlite3:
-	@echo "Download sqlite3 from https://mirrors.ringotek.cn/pub/third_party/sqlite/$(SQLITE_FILENAME).zip"
-	@wget https://mirrors.ringotek.cn/pub/third_party/sqlite/$(SQLITE_FILENAME).zip || (@echo "Download sqlite3 failed" && rm $(SQLITE_FILENAME).zip && exit 1)
+	@echo "Download sqlite3 from https://mirrors.dragonos.org.cn/pub/third_party/sqlite/$(SQLITE_FILENAME).zip"
+	@wget https://mirrors.dragonos.org.cn/pub/third_party/sqlite/$(SQLITE_FILENAME).zip || (@echo "Download sqlite3 failed" && rm $(SQLITE_FILENAME).zip && exit 1)
 	@unzip -o $(SQLITE_FILENAME).zip || (@echo "Unzip sqlite3 failed" && exit 1)
 	@rm $(SQLITE_FILENAME).zip || (@echo "Remove $(SQLITE_FILENAME).zip failed" && exit 1)