diff --git a/kernel/src/vm/vmo/options.rs b/kernel/src/vm/vmo/options.rs
index 0455122d4..b669ba02a 100644
--- a/kernel/src/vm/vmo/options.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/vm/vmo/options.rs
@@ -141,12 +141,12 @@ fn committed_pages_if_continuous(flags: VmoFlags, size: usize) -> Result<XArray<
     if flags.contains(VmoFlags::CONTIGUOUS) {
         // if the vmo is continuous, we need to allocate frames for the vmo
         let frames_num = size / PAGE_SIZE;
-        let frames = FrameAllocOptions::new(frames_num)
+        let segment = FrameAllocOptions::new(frames_num)
             .is_contiguous(true)
-            .alloc()?;
+            .alloc_contiguous()?;
         let mut committed_pages = XArray::new();
         let mut cursor = committed_pages.cursor_mut(0);
-        for frame in frames {
+        for frame in segment {
             cursor.store(frame);
             cursor.next();
         }
diff --git a/ostd/src/mm/frame/options.rs b/ostd/src/mm/frame/options.rs
index 0fd4eeaff..6216575c4 100644
--- a/ostd/src/mm/frame/options.rs
+++ b/ostd/src/mm/frame/options.rs
@@ -51,26 +51,6 @@ impl FrameAllocOptions {
         self
     }
 
-    /// Allocates a collection of page frames according to the given options.
-    pub fn alloc(&self) -> Result<Vec<Frame>> {
-        let pages = if self.is_contiguous {
-            page::allocator::alloc(self.nframes * PAGE_SIZE, |_| FrameMeta::default())
-                .ok_or(Error::NoMemory)?
-        } else {
-            page::allocator::alloc_contiguous(self.nframes * PAGE_SIZE, |_| FrameMeta::default())
-                .ok_or(Error::NoMemory)?
-                .into()
-        };
-        let frames: Vec<_> = pages.into_iter().map(|page| Frame { page }).collect();
-        if !self.uninit {
-            for frame in frames.iter() {
-                frame.writer().fill(0);
-            }
-        }
-
-        Ok(frames)
-    }
-
     /// Allocates a single page frame according to the given options.
     pub fn alloc_single(&self) -> Result<Frame> {
         if self.nframes != 1 {
@@ -113,7 +93,6 @@ fn test_alloc_dealloc() {
     // Here we allocate and deallocate frames in random orders to test the allocator.
     // We expect the test to fail if the underlying implementation panics.
     let single_options = FrameAllocOptions::new(1);
-    let multi_options = FrameAllocOptions::new(10);
     let mut contiguous_options = FrameAllocOptions::new(10);
     contiguous_options.is_contiguous(true);
     let mut remember_vec = Vec::new();
@@ -126,8 +105,6 @@ fn test_alloc_dealloc() {
         }
         let contiguous_segment = contiguous_options.alloc_contiguous().unwrap();
         drop(contiguous_segment);
-        let multi_frames = multi_options.alloc().unwrap();
-        remember_vec.extend(multi_frames.into_iter());
         remember_vec.pop();
     }
 }
diff --git a/ostd/src/mm/page/allocator.rs b/ostd/src/mm/page/allocator.rs
index 5b7660676..d563a1ba1 100644
--- a/ostd/src/mm/page/allocator.rs
+++ b/ostd/src/mm/page/allocator.rs
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 //! TODO: Decouple it with the frame allocator in [`crate::mm::frame::options`] by
 //! allocating pages rather untyped memory from this module.
 
-use alloc::vec::Vec;
-
 use align_ext::AlignExt;
 use buddy_system_allocator::FrameAllocator;
 use log::info;
@@ -102,34 +100,6 @@ where
         })
 }
 
-/// Allocate pages.
-///
-/// The allocated pages are not guaranteed to be contiguous.
-/// The total length of the allocated pages is `len`.
-///
-/// The caller must provide a closure to initialize metadata for all the pages.
-/// The closure receives the physical address of the page and returns the
-/// metadata, which is similar to [`core::array::from_fn`].
-///
-/// # Panics
-///
-/// The function panics if the length is not base-page-aligned.
-pub(crate) fn alloc<M: PageMeta, F>(len: usize, mut metadata_fn: F) -> Option<Vec<Page<M>>>
-where
-    F: FnMut(Paddr) -> M,
-{
-    assert!(len % PAGE_SIZE == 0);
-    let nframes = len / PAGE_SIZE;
-    let mut allocator = PAGE_ALLOCATOR.get().unwrap().disable_irq().lock();
-    let mut vector = Vec::new();
-    for _ in 0..nframes {
-        let paddr = allocator.alloc(1)? * PAGE_SIZE;
-        let page = Page::<M>::from_unused(paddr, metadata_fn(paddr));
-        vector.push(page);
-    }
-    Some(vector)
-}
-
 pub(crate) fn init() {
     let regions = crate::boot::memory_regions();
     let mut total: usize = 0;
diff --git a/ostd/src/mm/page_table/test.rs b/ostd/src/mm/page_table/test.rs
index 6e27aa1e7..4de0ea862 100644
--- a/ostd/src/mm/page_table/test.rs
+++ b/ostd/src/mm/page_table/test.rs
@@ -173,12 +173,12 @@ fn test_base_protect_query() {
 
     let from_ppn = 1..1000;
     let from = PAGE_SIZE * from_ppn.start..PAGE_SIZE * from_ppn.end;
-    let to = allocator::alloc(999 * PAGE_SIZE, |_| FrameMeta::default()).unwrap();
+    let to = allocator::alloc_contiguous(999 * PAGE_SIZE, |_| FrameMeta::default()).unwrap();
     let prop = PageProperty::new(PageFlags::RW, CachePolicy::Writeback);
     unsafe {
         let mut cursor = pt.cursor_mut(&from).unwrap();
         for page in to {
-            cursor.map(page.clone().into(), prop);
+            cursor.map(page.into(), prop);
         }
     }
     for (item, i) in pt.cursor(&from).unwrap().zip(from_ppn) {
diff --git a/ostd/src/task/kernel_stack.rs b/ostd/src/task/kernel_stack.rs
index 9d916c198..7efd19cfe 100644
--- a/ostd/src/task/kernel_stack.rs
+++ b/ostd/src/task/kernel_stack.rs
@@ -47,13 +47,14 @@ impl KernelStack {
         let mut new_kvirt_area = KVirtArea::<Tracked>::new(KERNEL_STACK_SIZE + 4 * PAGE_SIZE);
         let mapped_start = new_kvirt_area.range().start + 2 * PAGE_SIZE;
         let mapped_end = mapped_start + KERNEL_STACK_SIZE;
-        let pages = allocator::alloc(KERNEL_STACK_SIZE, |_| KernelStackMeta::default()).unwrap();
+        let pages =
+            allocator::alloc_contiguous(KERNEL_STACK_SIZE, |_| KernelStackMeta::default()).unwrap();
         let prop = PageProperty {
             flags: PageFlags::RW,
             cache: CachePolicy::Writeback,
             priv_flags: PrivilegedPageFlags::empty(),
         };
-        new_kvirt_area.map_pages(mapped_start..mapped_end, pages.iter().cloned(), prop);
+        new_kvirt_area.map_pages(mapped_start..mapped_end, pages, prop);
 
         Ok(Self {
             kvirt_area: new_kvirt_area,