Implement a high precision gettime based on tsc

Cargo.lock

@@ -804,6 +804,7 @@ version = "0.1.0"
 dependencies = [
  "component",
  "jinux-frame",
+ "jinux-util",
  "log",
  "spin 0.9.8",
 ]
@@ -816,6 +817,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "jinux-frame",
  "jinux-rights",
  "jinux-rights-proc",
+ "ktest",
  "pod",
  "typeflags-util",
 ]

framework/jinux-frame/src/arch/x86/kernel/tsc.rs

@@ -1,11 +1,23 @@
+use core::sync::atomic::AtomicU64;
 use x86::cpuid::cpuid;
 
+/// The frequency of tsc. The unit is Hz.
+pub(crate) static TSC_FREQ: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
+
+const TSC_DEADLINE_MODE_SUPPORT: u32 = 1 << 24;
+
+/// Determine if the current system supports tsc_deadline mode.
+pub fn is_tsc_deadline_mode_supported() -> bool {
+    let cpuid = cpuid!(1);
+    (cpuid.ecx & TSC_DEADLINE_MODE_SUPPORT) > 0
+}
+
 /// Determine TSC frequency via CPUID. If the CPU does not support calculating TSC frequency by
 /// CPUID, the function will return None. The unit of the return value is KHz.
 ///
 /// Ref: function `native_calibrate_tsc` in linux `arch/x86/kernel/tsc.c`
 ///
-pub fn tsc_freq() -> Option<u32> {
+pub fn determine_tsc_freq_via_cpuid() -> Option<u32> {
     // Check the max cpuid supported
     let cpuid = cpuid!(0);
     let max_cpuid = cpuid.eax;

framework/jinux-frame/src/arch/x86/mod.rs

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ pub mod qemu;
 pub(crate) mod tdx_guest;
 pub(crate) mod timer;
 
+use core::{arch::x86_64::_rdtsc, sync::atomic::Ordering};
+
 use kernel::apic::ioapic;
 use log::{info, warn};
 
@@ -50,6 +52,17 @@ pub(crate) fn interrupts_ack() {
     }
 }
 
+/// Return the frequency of TSC. The unit is Hz.
+pub fn tsc_freq() -> u64 {
+    kernel::tsc::TSC_FREQ.load(Ordering::Acquire)
+}
+
+/// Reads the current value of the processor’s time-stamp counter (TSC).
+pub fn read_tsc() -> u64 {
+    // Safety: It is safe to read a time-related counter.
+    unsafe { _rdtsc() }
+}
+
 fn enable_common_cpu_features() {
     use x86_64::registers::{control::Cr4Flags, model_specific::EferFlags, xcontrol::XCr0Flags};
     let mut cr4 = x86_64::registers::control::Cr4::read();

framework/jinux-frame/src/arch/x86/timer/apic.rs

@@ -1,55 +1,45 @@
-use core::arch::x86_64::_rdtsc;
-use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
-
 use alloc::sync::Arc;
+use core::arch::x86_64::_rdtsc;
+use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicU64, Ordering};
+
 use log::info;
 use spin::Once;
 use trapframe::TrapFrame;
-use x86::cpuid::cpuid;
 use x86::msr::{wrmsr, IA32_TSC_DEADLINE};
 
 use crate::arch::kernel::apic::ioapic::IO_APIC;
+use crate::arch::kernel::tsc::is_tsc_deadline_mode_supported;
+use crate::arch::x86::kernel::apic::{DivideConfig, APIC_INSTANCE};
+use crate::arch::x86::kernel::tsc::{determine_tsc_freq_via_cpuid, TSC_FREQ};
+use crate::config::TIMER_FREQ;
 use crate::trap::IrqLine;
-use crate::{
-    arch::x86::kernel::{
-        apic::{DivideConfig, APIC_INSTANCE},
-        tsc::tsc_freq,
-    },
-    config::TIMER_FREQ,
-};
 
 pub fn init() {
-    if tsc_mode_support() {
+    init_tsc_freq();
-        info!("[Timer]: Enable APIC-TSC deadline mode.");
+    if is_tsc_deadline_mode_supported() {
-        tsc_mode_init();
+        info!("[Timer]: Enable APIC TSC deadline mode.");
+        init_tsc_mode();
     } else {
-        info!("[Timer]: Enable APIC-periodic mode.");
+        info!("[Timer]: Enable APIC periodic mode.");
-        periodic_mode_init();
+        init_periodic_mode();
     }
 }
 
-fn tsc_mode_support() -> bool {
-    let tsc_rate = tsc_freq();
-    if tsc_rate.is_none() {
-        return false;
-    }
-    let cpuid = cpuid!(0x1);
-    // bit 24
-    cpuid.ecx & 0x100_0000 != 0
-}
-
 pub(super) static APIC_TIMER_CALLBACK: Once<Arc<dyn Fn() + Sync + Send>> = Once::new();
 
-fn tsc_mode_init() {
+fn init_tsc_freq() {
+    let tsc_freq = determine_tsc_freq_via_cpuid()
+        .map_or(determine_tsc_freq_via_pit(), |freq| freq as u64 * 1000);
+    TSC_FREQ.store(tsc_freq, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    info!("TSC frequency:{:?} Hz", tsc_freq);
+}
+
+fn init_tsc_mode() {
     let mut apic_lock = APIC_INSTANCE.get().unwrap().lock();
     // Enable tsc deadline mode.
     apic_lock.set_lvt_timer(super::TIMER_IRQ_NUM.load(Ordering::Relaxed) as u64 | (1 << 18));
-
+    drop(apic_lock);
-    let tsc_step = {
+    let tsc_step = TSC_FREQ.load(Ordering::Relaxed) / TIMER_FREQ;
-        let tsc_rate = tsc_freq().unwrap() as u64;
-        info!("TSC frequency:{:?} Hz", tsc_rate * 1000);
-        tsc_rate * 1000 / TIMER_FREQ
-    };
 
     let callback = move || unsafe {
         let tsc_value = _rdtsc();
@@ -61,7 +51,54 @@ fn tsc_mode_init() {
     APIC_TIMER_CALLBACK.call_once(|| Arc::new(callback));
 }
 
-fn periodic_mode_init() {
+/// When kernel cannot get the TSC frequency from CPUID, it can leverage
+/// the PIT to calculate this frequency.
+fn determine_tsc_freq_via_pit() -> u64 {
+    let mut irq = IrqLine::alloc_specific(super::TIMER_IRQ_NUM.load(Ordering::Relaxed)).unwrap();
+    irq.on_active(pit_callback);
+    let mut io_apic = IO_APIC.get().unwrap().get(0).unwrap().lock();
+    debug_assert_eq!(io_apic.interrupt_base(), 0);
+    io_apic.enable(2, irq.clone()).unwrap();
+    drop(io_apic);
+
+    super::pit::init();
+
+    x86_64::instructions::interrupts::enable();
+    static IS_FINISH: AtomicBool = AtomicBool::new(false);
+    static FREQUENCY: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
+    while !IS_FINISH.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
+        x86_64::instructions::hlt();
+    }
+    x86_64::instructions::interrupts::disable();
+    drop(irq);
+    return FREQUENCY.load(Ordering::Acquire);
+
+    fn pit_callback(trap_frame: &TrapFrame) {
+        static mut IN_TIME: u64 = 0;
+        static mut TSC_FIRST_COUNT: u64 = 0;
+        // Set a certain times of callbacks to calculate the frequency.
+        const CALLBACK_TIMES: u64 = TIMER_FREQ / 10;
+        unsafe {
+            if IN_TIME < CALLBACK_TIMES || IS_FINISH.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
+                // drop the first entry, since it may not be the time we want
+                if IN_TIME == 0 {
+                    TSC_FIRST_COUNT = _rdtsc();
+                }
+                IN_TIME += 1;
+                return;
+            }
+            let mut io_apic = IO_APIC.get().unwrap().get(0).unwrap().lock();
+            io_apic.disable(2).unwrap();
+            drop(io_apic);
+            let tsc_count = _rdtsc();
+            let freq = (tsc_count - TSC_FIRST_COUNT) * (TIMER_FREQ / CALLBACK_TIMES);
+            FREQUENCY.store(freq, Ordering::Release);
+        }
+        IS_FINISH.store(true, Ordering::Release);
+    }
+}
+
+fn init_periodic_mode() {
     let mut apic_lock = APIC_INSTANCE.get().unwrap().lock();
     let mut irq = IrqLine::alloc_specific(super::TIMER_IRQ_NUM.load(Ordering::Relaxed)).unwrap();
     irq.on_active(init_function);
@@ -108,7 +145,6 @@ fn periodic_mode_init() {
         apic_lock.set_timer_init_count(ticks);
         apic_lock.set_lvt_timer(super::TIMER_IRQ_NUM.load(Ordering::Relaxed) as u64 | (1 << 17));
         apic_lock.set_timer_div_config(DivideConfig::Divide64);
-
         info!(
             "APIC Timer ticks count:{:x}, remain ticks: {:x},Timer Freq:{} Hz",
             ticks, remain_ticks, TIMER_FREQ

services/comps/time/Cargo.toml

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ edition = "2021"
 
 [dependencies]
 jinux-frame = { path = "../../../framework/jinux-frame" }
+jinux-util = { path = "../../libs/jinux-util" }
 component = { path = "../../libs/comp-sys/component" }
 log = "0.4"
 spin = "0.9.4"

services/comps/time/src/clocksource.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+//! This module provides abstractions for hardware-assisted timing mechanisms, encapsulated by the `ClockSource` struct.
+//! A `ClockSource` can be constructed from any counter with a stable frequency, enabling precise time measurements to be taken
+//! by retrieving instances of `Instant`.
+//!
+//! The `ClockSource` module is a fundamental building block for timing in systems that require high precision and accuracy.
+//! It can be integrated into larger systems to provide timing capabilities, or used standalone for time tracking and elapsed time measurements.
+
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
+use core::{cmp::max, ops::Add, time::Duration};
+use jinux_frame::sync::SpinLock;
+use jinux_util::coeff::Coeff;
+
+use crate::NANOS_PER_SECOND;
+
+/// `ClockSource` is an abstraction for hardware-assisted timing mechanisms.
+/// A `ClockSource` can be created based on any counter that operates at a stable frequency.
+/// Users are able to measure time by retrieving `Instant` from this source.
+///
+/// # Implementation
+/// The `ClockSource` relies on obtaining the frequency of the counter and the method for reading the cycles in order to measure time.
+/// The **cycles** here refer the counts of the base time counter.
+/// Additionally, the `ClockSource` also holds a last recorded instant, which acts as a reference point for subsequent time retrieval.
+/// To prevent numerical overflow during the calculation of `Instant`, this last recorded instant **must be periodically refreshed**.
+/// The maximum interval for these updates must be determined at the time of the `ClockSource` initialization.
+///
+/// # Examples
+/// Suppose we have a counter called `counter` which have the frequency `counter.freq`, and the method to read its cycles called `read_counter()`.
+/// We can create a corresponding `ClockSource` and use it as follows:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// // here we set the max_delay_secs = 10
+/// let max_delay_secs = 10;
+/// // create a clocksource named counter_clock
+/// let counter_clock = ClockSource::new(counter.freq, max_delay_secs, Arc::new(read_counter));
+/// // read an instant.
+/// let instant = counter_clock.read_instant();
+/// ```
+///
+/// If using this `ClockSource`, you must ensure its internal instant will be updated
+/// at least once within a time interval of not more than `max_delay_secs.
+pub struct ClockSource {
+    read_cycles: Arc<dyn Fn() -> u64 + Sync + Send>,
+    base: ClockSourceBase,
+    coeff: Coeff,
+    last_instant: SpinLock<Instant>,
+    last_cycles: SpinLock<u64>,
+}
+
+impl ClockSource {
+    /// Create a new `ClockSource` instance.
+    /// Require basic information of based time counter, including the function for reading cycles, the frequency
+    /// and the maximum delay seconds to update this `ClockSource`.
+    /// The `ClockSource` also calculates a reliable `Coeff` based on the counter's frequency and the maximum delay seconds.
+    /// This `Coeff` is used to convert the number of cycles into the duration of time that has passed for those cycles.
+    pub fn new(
+        freq: u64,
+        max_delay_secs: u64,
+        read_cycles: Arc<dyn Fn() -> u64 + Sync + Send>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let base = ClockSourceBase::new(freq, max_delay_secs);
+        // Too big `max_delay_secs` will lead to a low resolution Coeff.
+        debug_assert!(max_delay_secs < 600);
+        let coeff = Coeff::new(NANOS_PER_SECOND as u64, freq, max_delay_secs * freq);
+        Self {
+            read_cycles,
+            base,
+            coeff,
+            last_instant: SpinLock::new(Instant::zero()),
+            last_cycles: SpinLock::new(0),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn cycles_to_nanos(&self, cycles: u64) -> u64 {
+        self.coeff * cycles
+    }
+
+    /// Use the instant cycles to calculate the instant.
+    /// It first calculates the difference between the instant cycles and the last recorded cycles stored in the clocksource.
+    /// Then `ClockSource` will convert the passed cycles into passed time and calculate the current instant.
+    fn calculate_instant(&self, instant_cycles: u64) -> Instant {
+        let delta_nanos = {
+            let delta_cycles = instant_cycles - self.last_cycles();
+            self.cycles_to_nanos(delta_cycles)
+        };
+        let duration = Duration::from_nanos(delta_nanos);
+        self.last_instant() + duration
+    }
+
+    /// Use an input instant to update the internal instant in the `ClockSource`.
+    fn update_last_instant(&self, instant: &Instant) {
+        *self.last_instant.lock() = *instant;
+    }
+
+    /// Use an input cycles to update the internal instant in the `ClockSource`.
+    fn update_last_cycles(&self, cycles: u64) {
+        *self.last_cycles.lock() = cycles;
+    }
+
+    /// read current cycles of the `ClockSource`.
+    pub fn read_cycles(&self) -> u64 {
+        (self.read_cycles)()
+    }
+
+    /// Return the last instant recorded in the `ClockSource`.
+    pub fn last_instant(&self) -> Instant {
+        return *self.last_instant.lock();
+    }
+
+    /// Return the last cycles recorded in the `ClockSource`.
+    pub fn last_cycles(&self) -> u64 {
+        return *self.last_cycles.lock();
+    }
+
+    /// Return the maximum delay seconds for updating of the `ClockSource`.
+    pub fn max_delay_secs(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.base.max_delay_secs()
+    }
+
+    /// Return the reference to the generated cycles coeff of the `ClockSource`.
+    pub fn coeff(&self) -> &Coeff {
+        &self.coeff
+    }
+
+    /// Return the frequency of the counter used in the `ClockSource`.
+    pub fn freq(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.base.freq()
+    }
+
+    /// Calibrate the recorded `Instant` to zero, and record the instant cycles.
+    pub(crate) fn calibrate(&self, instant_cycles: u64) {
+        self.update_last_cycles(instant_cycles);
+        self.update_last_instant(&Instant::zero());
+    }
+
+    /// Get the instant to update the internal instant in the `ClockSource`.
+    pub(crate) fn update(&self) {
+        let instant_cycles = self.read_cycles();
+        let instant = self.calculate_instant(instant_cycles);
+        self.update_last_cycles(instant_cycles);
+        self.update_last_instant(&instant);
+    }
+
+    /// Read the instant corresponding to the current time.
+    /// When trying to read an instant from the clocksource, it will use the reading method to read instant cycles.
+    /// Then leverage it to calculate the instant.
+    pub(crate) fn read_instant(&self) -> Instant {
+        let instant_cycles = self.read_cycles();
+        self.calculate_instant(instant_cycles)
+    }
+}
+
+/// `Instant` captures a specific moment, storing the duration of time
+/// elapsed since a reference point (typically the system boot time).
+/// The `Instant` is expressed in seconds and the fractional part is expressed in nanoseconds.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct Instant {
+    secs: u64,
+    nanos: u32,
+}
+
+impl Instant {
+    pub const fn zero() -> Self {
+        Self { secs: 0, nanos: 0 }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new(secs: u64, nanos: u32) -> Self {
+        Self { secs, nanos }
+    }
+
+    /// Return the seconds recorded in the Instant.
+    pub fn secs(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.secs
+    }
+
+    /// Return the nanoseconds recorded in the Instant.
+    pub fn nanos(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.nanos
+    }
+}
+
+impl Add<Duration> for Instant {
+    type Output = Instant;
+
+    fn add(self, other: Duration) -> Self::Output {
+        let mut secs = self.secs + other.as_secs();
+        let mut nanos = self.nanos + other.subsec_nanos();
+        if nanos >= NANOS_PER_SECOND {
+            secs += 1;
+            nanos -= NANOS_PER_SECOND;
+        }
+        Instant::new(secs, nanos)
+    }
+}
+
+/// The basic properties of `ClockSource`.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+struct ClockSourceBase {
+    freq: u64,
+    max_delay_secs: u64,
+}
+
+impl ClockSourceBase {
+    fn new(freq: u64, max_delay_secs: u64) -> Self {
+        let max_delay_secs = max(2, max_delay_secs);
+        ClockSourceBase {
+            freq,
+            max_delay_secs,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn max_delay_secs(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.max_delay_secs
+    }
+
+    fn freq(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.freq
+    }
+}

services/comps/time/src/lib.rs

@@ -2,15 +2,30 @@
 #![no_std]
 #![forbid(unsafe_code)]
 
-use component::{init_component, ComponentInitError};
+extern crate alloc;
-use core::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed;
-use rtc::{get_cmos, is_updating, read, CENTURY_REGISTER};
 
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
+use component::{init_component, ComponentInitError};
+use core::{sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed, time::Duration};
+use jinux_frame::sync::Mutex;
+use spin::Once;
+
+use clocksource::ClockSource;
+use rtc::{get_cmos, is_updating, CENTURY_REGISTER};
+
+pub use clocksource::Instant;
+
+mod clocksource;
 mod rtc;
+mod tsc;
+
+pub const NANOS_PER_SECOND: u32 = 1_000_000_000;
+pub static VDSO_DATA_UPDATE: Once<Arc<dyn Fn(Instant, u64) + Sync + Send>> = Once::new();
 
 #[init_component]
 fn time_init() -> Result<(), ComponentInitError> {
     rtc::init();
+    tsc::init();
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -23,6 +38,7 @@ pub struct SystemTime {
     pub hour: u8,
     pub minute: u8,
     pub second: u8,
+    pub nanos: u64,
 }
 
 impl SystemTime {
@@ -35,6 +51,7 @@ impl SystemTime {
             hour: 0,
             minute: 0,
             second: 0,
+            nanos: 0,
         }
     }
 
@@ -88,7 +105,55 @@ impl SystemTime {
     }
 }
 
+pub(crate) static READ_TIME: Mutex<SystemTime> = Mutex::new(SystemTime::zero());
+pub(crate) static START_TIME: Once<SystemTime> = Once::new();
+
 /// get real time
 pub fn get_real_time() -> SystemTime {
     read()
 }
+
+pub fn read() -> SystemTime {
+    update_time();
+    *READ_TIME.lock()
+}
+
+/// read year,month,day and other data
+/// ref: https://wiki.osdev.org/CMOS#Reading_All_RTC_Time_and_Date_Registers
+fn update_time() {
+    let mut last_time: SystemTime;
+
+    let mut lock = READ_TIME.lock();
+
+    lock.update_from_rtc();
+
+    last_time = *lock;
+
+    lock.update_from_rtc();
+
+    while *lock != last_time {
+        last_time = *lock;
+        lock.update_from_rtc();
+    }
+    let register_b: u8 = get_cmos(0x0B);
+
+    lock.convert_bcd_to_binary(register_b);
+    lock.convert_12_hour_to_24_hour(register_b);
+    lock.modify_year();
+}
+
+/// Return the `START_TIME`, which is the actual time when doing calibrate.
+pub fn read_start_time() -> SystemTime {
+    *START_TIME.get().unwrap()
+}
+
+/// Return the monotonic time from the tsc clocksource.
+pub fn read_monotonic_time() -> Duration {
+    let instant = tsc::read_instant();
+    Duration::new(instant.secs(), instant.nanos())
+}
+
+/// Return the tsc clocksource.
+pub fn default_clocksource() -> Arc<ClockSource> {
+    tsc::CLOCK.get().unwrap().clone()
+}

services/comps/time/src/rtc.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,9 @@
 use core::sync::atomic::AtomicU8;
 use core::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed;
-
-use crate::SystemTime;
-
 use jinux_frame::arch::x86::device::cmos::{get_century_register, CMOS_ADDRESS, CMOS_DATA};
-use jinux_frame::sync::Mutex;
 
 pub(crate) static CENTURY_REGISTER: AtomicU8 = AtomicU8::new(0);
 
-static READ_TIME: Mutex<SystemTime> = Mutex::new(SystemTime::zero());
-
 pub fn init() {
     let Some(century_register) = get_century_register() else {
         return;
@@ -26,34 +20,3 @@ pub fn is_updating() -> bool {
     CMOS_ADDRESS.write(0x0A);
     CMOS_DATA.read() & 0x80 != 0
 }
-
-pub fn read() -> SystemTime {
-    update_time();
-    *READ_TIME.lock()
-}
-
-/// read year,month,day and other data
-/// ref: https://wiki.osdev.org/CMOS#Reading_All_RTC_Time_and_Date_Registers
-fn update_time() {
-    let mut last_time: SystemTime;
-
-    let mut lock = READ_TIME.lock();
-
-    lock.update_from_rtc();
-
-    last_time = *lock;
-
-    lock.update_from_rtc();
-
-    while *lock != last_time {
-        last_time = *lock;
-
-        lock.update_from_rtc();
-    }
-
-    let register_b: u8 = get_cmos(0x0B);
-
-    lock.convert_bcd_to_binary(register_b);
-    lock.convert_12_hour_to_24_hour(register_b);
-    lock.modify_year();
-}

services/comps/time/src/tsc.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+//! This module provide a instance of `ClockSource` based on TSC.
+//!
+//! Use `init` to initialize this module.
+use alloc::sync::Arc;
+use core::time::Duration;
+use jinux_frame::arch::{read_tsc, x86::tsc_freq};
+use jinux_frame::timer::Timer;
+use spin::Once;
+
+use crate::clocksource::{ClockSource, Instant};
+use crate::{START_TIME, VDSO_DATA_UPDATE};
+
+/// A instance of TSC clocksource.
+pub static CLOCK: Once<Arc<ClockSource>> = Once::new();
+
+const MAX_DELAY_SECS: u64 = 60;
+
+/// Init tsc clocksource module.
+pub(super) fn init() {
+    init_clock();
+    calibrate();
+    init_timer();
+}
+
+fn init_clock() {
+    CLOCK.call_once(|| {
+        Arc::new(ClockSource::new(
+            tsc_freq(),
+            MAX_DELAY_SECS,
+            Arc::new(read_tsc),
+        ))
+    });
+}
+
+/// Calibrate the TSC and system time based on the RTC time.
+fn calibrate() {
+    let clock = CLOCK.get().unwrap();
+    let cycles = clock.read_cycles();
+    clock.calibrate(cycles);
+    START_TIME.call_once(crate::read);
+}
+
+/// Read an `Instant` of tsc clocksource.
+pub(super) fn read_instant() -> Instant {
+    let clock = CLOCK.get().unwrap();
+    clock.read_instant()
+}
+
+fn update_clocksource(timer: Arc<Timer>) {
+    let clock = CLOCK.get().unwrap();
+    clock.update();
+
+    // Update vdso data.
+    if VDSO_DATA_UPDATE.is_completed() {
+        VDSO_DATA_UPDATE.get().unwrap()(clock.last_instant(), clock.last_cycles());
+    }
+    // Setting the timer as `clock.max_delay_secs() - 1` is to avoid
+    // the actual delay time is greater than the maximum delay seconds due to the latency of execution.
+    timer.set(Duration::from_secs(clock.max_delay_secs() - 1));
+}
+
+fn init_timer() {
+    let timer = Timer::new(update_clocksource).unwrap();
+    // The initial timer should be set as `clock.max_delay_secs() >> 1` or something much smaller than `max_delay_secs`.
+    // This is because the initialization of this timer occurs during system startup.
+    // Afterwards, the system will undergo additional initialization processes, during which time interrupts are disabled.
+    // This results in the actual trigger time of the timer being delayed by about 5 seconds compared to the set time.
+    // TODO: This is a temporary handle, and should be modified in the future.
+    timer.set(Duration::from_secs(
+        CLOCK.get().unwrap().max_delay_secs() >> 1,
+    ));
+}

services/libs/jinux-std/src/time/mod.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@ use core::time::Duration;
 
 use crate::prelude::*;
 
+use jinux_time::read_monotonic_time;
+
 mod system_time;
-use jinux_frame::timer::read_monotonic_milli_seconds;
+
 pub use system_time::SystemTime;
 
 pub type clockid_t = i32;
@@ -76,13 +78,8 @@ pub fn now_as_duration(clock_id: &ClockID) -> Result<Duration> {
     match clock_id {
         ClockID::CLOCK_MONOTONIC
         | ClockID::CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE
-        | ClockID::CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW => {
+        | ClockID::CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW
-            let time_ms = read_monotonic_milli_seconds();
+        | ClockID::CLOCK_BOOTTIME => Ok(read_monotonic_time()),
-
-            let seconds = time_ms / 1000;
-            let nanos = time_ms % 1000 * 1_000_000;
-            Ok(Duration::new(seconds, nanos as u32))
-        }
         ClockID::CLOCK_REALTIME | ClockID::CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE => {
             let now = SystemTime::now();
             now.duration_since(&SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH)

services/libs/jinux-std/src/time/system_time.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 use core::time::Duration;
+use jinux_time::{read_monotonic_time, read_start_time};
+use time::{Date, Month, PrimitiveDateTime, Time};
 
 use crate::prelude::*;
-use time::{Date, Month, PrimitiveDateTime, Time};
 
 /// This struct corresponds to `SystemTime` in Rust std.
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
@@ -25,9 +26,13 @@ impl SystemTime {
 
     /// Returns the current system time
     pub fn now() -> Self {
-        let system_time = jinux_time::get_real_time();
+        let start = read_start_time();
+
         // The get real time result should always be valid
-        convert_system_time(system_time).unwrap()
+        convert_system_time(start)
+            .unwrap()
+            .checked_add(read_monotonic_time())
+            .unwrap()
     }
 
     /// Add a duration to self. If the result does not exceed inner bounds return Some(t), else return None.
@@ -73,7 +78,12 @@ fn convert_system_time(system_time: jinux_time::SystemTime) -> Result<SystemTime
         Ok(date) => date,
         Err(_) => return_errno_with_message!(Errno::EINVAL, "Invalid system date"),
     };
-    let time_ = match Time::from_hms(system_time.hour, system_time.minute, system_time.second) {
+    let time_ = match Time::from_hms_nano(
+        system_time.hour,
+        system_time.minute,
+        system_time.second,
+        system_time.nanos.try_into().unwrap(),
+    ) {
         Ok(time_) => time_,
         Err(_) => return_errno_with_message!(Errno::EINVAL, "Invalid system time"),
     };

services/libs/jinux-util/Cargo.toml

@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ typeflags-util = { path = "../typeflags-util" }
 jinux-rights-proc = { path = "../jinux-rights-proc" }
 jinux-rights = { path = "../jinux-rights" }
 bitvec = { version = "1.0", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
-
+ktest = { path = "../../../framework/libs/ktest" }
 [features]

services/libs/jinux-util/src/coeff.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+//! This module provides an abstraction `Coeff` to server for efficient and accurate calculation
+//! of fraction multiplication.
+
+use core::ops::Mul;
+
+use ktest::if_cfg_ktest;
+
+/// A `Coeff` is used to do a fraction multiplication operation with an unsigned integer.
+/// It can achieve accurate and efficient calculation and avoid numeric overflow at the same time.
+///
+/// # Example
+///
+/// Let's say we want to multiply a fraction (23456 / 56789) with the target integer `a`,
+/// which will be no larger than `1_000_000_000`, we can use the following code snippets
+/// to get an accurate result.
+///
+/// ```
+/// let a = input();
+/// let coeff = Coeff::new(23456, 56789, 1_000_000_000);
+/// let result = coeff * a;
+/// ```
+///
+/// # How it works
+/// `Coeff` is used in the calculation of a fraction value multiplied by an integer.
+/// Here is a simple example of such calculation:
+///
+/// ```rust
+/// let result = (a / b) * c;
+/// ```
+///
+/// In this equation, `a`, `b`, `c` and `result` are all integers. To acquire a more precise result, we will
+/// generally calculate `a * c` first and then divide the multiplication result with `b`.
+/// However, this simple calculation above has two complications:
+/// - The calculation of `a * c` may overflow if they are too large.
+/// - The division operation is much more expensive than integer multiplication, which can easily create performance bottlenecks.
+///
+/// `Coeff` is implemented to address these two issues. It can be used to replace the fraction in this calculation.
+/// For example, a `Coeff` generated from (a / b) can modify the calculation above to ensure that:
+///
+/// ```
+/// coeff * c ~= (a / b) * c
+/// ```
+///
+/// In principle, `Coeff` actually turns the multiplication and division into a combination of multiplication and bit operation.
+/// When creating a `Coeff`, it needs to know the numerator and denominator of the represented fraction
+/// and the max multiplier it will be multiplied by. Then, a `mult` and a `shift` will be chosen to achieve the replacement of calculation.
+/// Taking the previous calculation as an example again, `coeff * c` will turn into `mult * c >> shift`, ensuring that:
+///
+/// ```
+/// mult * c >> shift ~= (a / b) * c
+/// ```
+///
+/// and
+///  
+/// `mult * c` will not result in numeric overflow (i.e., `mult * c` will stay below MAX_U64).
+///
+/// This is how `Coeff` achieves accuracy and efficiency at the same time.
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct Coeff {
+    mult: u32,
+    shift: u32,
+    max_multiplier: u64,
+}
+
+impl Coeff {
+    /// Create a new coeff, which is essentially equivalent to （`numerator` / `denominator`) when being multiplied to an integer;
+    /// Here users should make sure the multiplied integer should not be larger than `max_multiplier`.
+    pub fn new(numerator: u64, denominator: u64, max_multiplier: u64) -> Self {
+        let mut shift_acc: u32 = 32;
+        // Too large `max_multiplier` will make the generated coeff imprecise
+        debug_assert!(max_multiplier < (1 << 40));
+        let mut tmp = max_multiplier >> 32;
+        // Counts the number of 0 in front of the `max_multiplier`.
+        // `shift_acc` indicates the maximum number of bits `mult` can have.
+        while tmp > 0 {
+            tmp >>= 1;
+            shift_acc -= 1;
+        }
+
+        // Try the `shift` from 32 to 0.
+        let mut shift = 32;
+        let mut mult = 0;
+        while shift > 0 {
+            mult = numerator << shift;
+            mult += denominator / 2;
+            mult /= denominator;
+            if (mult >> shift_acc) == 0 {
+                break;
+            }
+            shift -= 1;
+        }
+        Self {
+            mult: mult as u32,
+            shift,
+            max_multiplier,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return the `mult` of the Coeff.
+    /// Only used for the VdsoData and will be removed in the future.
+    pub fn mult(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.mult
+    }
+
+    /// Return the `shift` of the Coeff.
+    /// Only used for the VdsoData and will be removed in the future.
+    pub fn shift(&self) -> u32 {
+        self.shift
+    }
+}
+
+impl Mul<u64> for Coeff {
+    type Output = u64;
+    fn mul(self, rhs: u64) -> Self::Output {
+        debug_assert!(rhs <= self.max_multiplier);
+        (rhs * self.mult as u64) >> self.shift
+    }
+}
+
+impl Mul<u32> for Coeff {
+    type Output = u32;
+    fn mul(self, rhs: u32) -> Self::Output {
+        debug_assert!(rhs as u64 <= self.max_multiplier);
+        ((rhs as u64 * self.mult as u64) >> self.shift) as u32
+    }
+}
+
+#[if_cfg_ktest]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+    use ktest::ktest;
+    #[ktest]
+    fn calculation() {
+        let coeff = Coeff::new(23456, 56789, 1_000_000_000);
+        assert!(coeff * 0 as u64 == 0);
+        assert!(coeff * 100 as u64 == 100 * 23456 / 56789);
+        assert!(coeff * 1_000_000_000 as u64 == 1_000_000_000 * 23456 / 56789);
+    }
+}

services/libs/jinux-util/src/lib.rs

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 extern crate alloc;
 
+pub mod coeff;
 pub mod dup;
 pub mod id_allocator;
 pub mod safe_ptr;