diff --git a/kernel/src/lib.rs b/kernel/src/lib.rs
index dc764d443..0b781332e 100644
--- a/kernel/src/lib.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/lib.rs
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ fn init_thread() {
     }
 
     // TODO: exit via qemu isa debug device should not be the only way.
-    let exit_code = if initproc.exit_code().unwrap() == 0 {
+    let exit_code = if initproc.exit_code() == 0 {
         QemuExitCode::Success
     } else {
         QemuExitCode::Failed
diff --git a/kernel/src/process/kill.rs b/kernel/src/process/kill.rs
index c510bb9f6..3ed3f5e4b 100644
--- a/kernel/src/process/kill.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/process/kill.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,11 @@
 use super::{
     posix_thread::PosixThreadExt,
     process_table,
-    signal::signals::{user::UserSignal, Signal},
+    signal::{
+        constants::SIGCONT,
+        sig_num::SigNum,
+        signals::{user::UserSignal, Signal},
+    },
     Pgid, Pid, Process, Sid, Uid,
 };
 use crate::{
@@ -18,11 +22,27 @@ use crate::{
 ///
 /// If `signal` is `None`, this method will only check permission without sending
 /// any signal.
-pub fn kill(pid: Pid, signal: Option<UserSignal>) -> Result<()> {
+pub fn kill(pid: Pid, signal: Option<UserSignal>, ctx: &Context) -> Result<()> {
+    // Fast path: If the signal is sent to self, we can skip most check.
+    if pid == ctx.process.pid() {
+        let Some(signal) = signal else {
+            return Ok(());
+        };
+
+        if !ctx.posix_thread.has_signal_blocked(signal.num()) {
+            ctx.posix_thread.enqueue_signal(Box::new(signal));
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        return kill_process(ctx.process, Some(signal), ctx);
+    }
+
+    // Slow path
+
     let process = process_table::get_process(pid)
         .ok_or_else(|| Error::with_message(Errno::ESRCH, "the target process does not exist"))?;
 
-    kill_process(&process, signal)
+    kill_process(&process, signal, ctx)
 }
 
 /// Sends a signal to all processes in a group, using the current process
@@ -33,13 +53,13 @@ pub fn kill(pid: Pid, signal: Option<UserSignal>) -> Result<()> {
 ///
 /// If `signal` is `None`, this method will only check permission without sending
 /// any signal.
-pub fn kill_group(pgid: Pgid, signal: Option<UserSignal>) -> Result<()> {
+pub fn kill_group(pgid: Pgid, signal: Option<UserSignal>, ctx: &Context) -> Result<()> {
     let process_group = process_table::get_process_group(&pgid)
         .ok_or_else(|| Error::with_message(Errno::ESRCH, "target group does not exist"))?;
 
     let inner = process_group.inner.lock();
     for process in inner.processes.values() {
-        kill_process(process, signal)?;
+        kill_process(process, signal, ctx)?;
     }
 
     Ok(())
@@ -50,7 +70,7 @@ pub fn kill_group(pgid: Pgid, signal: Option<UserSignal>) -> Result<()> {
 ///
 /// If `signal` is `None`, this method will only check permission without sending
 /// any signal.
-pub fn tgkill(tid: Tid, tgid: Pid, signal: Option<UserSignal>) -> Result<()> {
+pub fn tgkill(tid: Tid, tgid: Pid, signal: Option<UserSignal>, ctx: &Context) -> Result<()> {
     let thread = thread_table::get_thread(tid)
         .ok_or_else(|| Error::with_message(Errno::ESRCH, "target thread does not exist"))?;
 
@@ -71,7 +91,7 @@ pub fn tgkill(tid: Tid, tgid: Pid, signal: Option<UserSignal>) -> Result<()> {
 
     // Check permission
     let signum = signal.map(|signal| signal.num());
-    let sender = current_thread_sender_ids();
+    let sender = current_thread_sender_ids(signum.as_ref(), ctx);
     posix_thread.check_signal_perm(signum.as_ref(), &sender)?;
 
     if let Some(signal) = signal {
@@ -86,66 +106,74 @@ pub fn tgkill(tid: Tid, tgid: Pid, signal: Option<UserSignal>) -> Result<()> {
 ///
 /// The credentials of the current process will be checked to determine
 /// if it is authorized to send the signal to the target group.
-pub fn kill_all(signal: Option<UserSignal>) -> Result<()> {
+pub fn kill_all(signal: Option<UserSignal>, ctx: &Context) -> Result<()> {
     let current = current!();
     for process in process_table::process_table().iter() {
         if Arc::ptr_eq(&current, process) || process.is_init_process() {
             continue;
         }
 
-        kill_process(process, signal)?;
+        kill_process(process, signal, ctx)?;
     }
 
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn kill_process(process: &Process, signal: Option<UserSignal>) -> Result<()> {
+fn kill_process(process: &Process, signal: Option<UserSignal>, ctx: &Context) -> Result<()> {
     let threads = process.threads().lock();
-    let posix_threads = threads
-        .iter()
-        .map(|thread| thread.as_posix_thread().unwrap());
 
-    // First check permission
     let signum = signal.map(|signal| signal.num());
-    let sender_ids = current_thread_sender_ids();
-    let mut permitted_threads = {
-        posix_threads.clone().filter(|posix_thread| {
-            posix_thread
-                .check_signal_perm(signum.as_ref(), &sender_ids)
-                .is_ok()
-        })
-    };
+    let sender_ids = current_thread_sender_ids(signum.as_ref(), ctx);
 
-    if permitted_threads.clone().count() == 0 {
-        return_errno_with_message!(Errno::EPERM, "cannot send signal to the target process");
-    }
+    let mut permitted_thread = None;
+    for thread in threads.iter() {
+        let posix_thread = thread.as_posix_thread().unwrap();
 
-    let Some(signal) = signal else { return Ok(()) };
+        // First check permission
+        if posix_thread
+            .check_signal_perm(signum.as_ref(), &sender_ids)
+            .is_ok()
+        {
+            let Some(ref signum) = signum else {
+                // If signal is None, only permission check is required
+                return Ok(());
+            };
 
-    // Send signal to any thread that does not blocks the signal.
-    for thread in permitted_threads.clone() {
-        if !thread.has_signal_blocked(&signal) {
-            thread.enqueue_signal(Box::new(signal));
-            return Ok(());
+            if !posix_thread.has_signal_blocked(*signum) {
+                // Send signal to any thread that does not blocks the signal.
+                let signal = signal.unwrap();
+                posix_thread.enqueue_signal(Box::new(signal));
+                return Ok(());
+            } else if permitted_thread.is_none() {
+                permitted_thread = Some(posix_thread);
+            }
         }
     }
 
+    let Some(permitted_thread) = permitted_thread else {
+        return_errno_with_message!(Errno::EPERM, "cannot send signal to the target process");
+    };
+
+    // If signal is None, only permission check is required
+    let Some(signal) = signal else { return Ok(()) };
+
     // If all threads block the signal, send signal to the first thread.
-    let first_thread = permitted_threads.next().unwrap();
-    first_thread.enqueue_signal(Box::new(signal));
+    permitted_thread.enqueue_signal(Box::new(signal));
 
     Ok(())
 }
 
-fn current_thread_sender_ids() -> SignalSenderIds {
-    let current_thread = current_thread!();
-    let current_posix_thread = current_thread.as_posix_thread().unwrap();
-    let current_process = current_posix_thread.process();
-
-    let credentials = current_posix_thread.credentials();
+fn current_thread_sender_ids(signum: Option<&SigNum>, ctx: &Context) -> SignalSenderIds {
+    let credentials = ctx.posix_thread.credentials();
     let ruid = credentials.ruid();
     let euid = credentials.euid();
-    let sid = current_process.session().unwrap().sid();
+    let sid = signum.and_then(|signum| {
+        if *signum == SIGCONT {
+            Some(ctx.process.session().unwrap().sid())
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    });
 
     SignalSenderIds::new(ruid, euid, sid)
 }
@@ -156,11 +184,11 @@ fn current_thread_sender_ids() -> SignalSenderIds {
 pub(super) struct SignalSenderIds {
     ruid: Uid,
     euid: Uid,
-    sid: Sid,
+    sid: Option<Sid>,
 }
 
 impl SignalSenderIds {
-    fn new(ruid: Uid, euid: Uid, sid: Sid) -> Self {
+    fn new(ruid: Uid, euid: Uid, sid: Option<Sid>) -> Self {
         Self { ruid, euid, sid }
     }
 
@@ -172,7 +200,7 @@ impl SignalSenderIds {
         self.euid
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn sid(&self) -> Sid {
+    pub(super) fn sid(&self) -> Option<Sid> {
         self.sid
     }
 }
diff --git a/kernel/src/process/posix_thread/mod.rs b/kernel/src/process/posix_thread/mod.rs
index 8c93343a3..17a7d2f84 100644
--- a/kernel/src/process/posix_thread/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/process/posix_thread/mod.rs
@@ -117,8 +117,9 @@ impl PosixThread {
     }
 
     /// Returns whether the signal is blocked by the thread.
-    pub(in crate::process) fn has_signal_blocked(&self, signal: &dyn Signal) -> bool {
-        self.sig_mask.contains(signal.num(), Ordering::Relaxed)
+    pub(in crate::process) fn has_signal_blocked(&self, signum: SigNum) -> bool {
+        // FIMXE: Some signals cannot be blocked, even set in sig_mask.
+        self.sig_mask.contains(signum, Ordering::Relaxed)
     }
 
     /// Checks whether the signal can be delivered to the thread.
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ impl PosixThread {
             && *signum == SIGCONT
         {
             let receiver_sid = self.process().session().unwrap().sid();
-            if receiver_sid == sender.sid() {
+            if receiver_sid == sender.sid().unwrap() {
                 return Ok(());
             }
 
diff --git a/kernel/src/process/process/mod.rs b/kernel/src/process/process/mod.rs
index 0b3a0ff46..a82912dfa 100644
--- a/kernel/src/process/process/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/process/process/mod.rs
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub struct Process {
     /// The threads
     threads: Mutex<Vec<Arc<Thread>>>,
     /// Process status
-    status: Mutex<ProcessStatus>,
+    status: ProcessStatus,
     /// Parent process
     pub(super) parent: Mutex<Weak<Process>>,
     /// Children processes
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ impl Process {
             executable_path: RwLock::new(executable_path),
             process_vm,
             children_pauser,
-            status: Mutex::new(ProcessStatus::Uninit),
+            status: ProcessStatus::new_uninit(),
             parent: Mutex::new(parent),
             children: Mutex::new(BTreeMap::new()),
             process_group: Mutex::new(Weak::new()),
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ impl Process {
         let threads = self.threads.lock();
         for thread in threads.iter() {
             let posix_thread = thread.as_posix_thread().unwrap();
-            if !posix_thread.has_signal_blocked(&signal) {
+            if !posix_thread.has_signal_blocked(signal.num()) {
                 posix_thread.enqueue_signal(Box::new(signal));
                 return;
             }
@@ -622,26 +622,23 @@ impl Process {
     // ******************* Status ********************
 
     fn set_runnable(&self) {
-        self.status.lock().set_runnable();
+        self.status.set_runnable();
     }
 
     fn is_runnable(&self) -> bool {
-        self.status.lock().is_runnable()
+        self.status.is_runnable()
     }
 
     pub fn is_zombie(&self) -> bool {
-        self.status.lock().is_zombie()
+        self.status.is_zombie()
     }
 
     pub fn set_zombie(&self, term_status: TermStatus) {
-        *self.status.lock() = ProcessStatus::Zombie(term_status);
+        self.status.set_zombie(term_status);
     }
 
-    pub fn exit_code(&self) -> Option<ExitCode> {
-        match &*self.status.lock() {
-            ProcessStatus::Runnable | ProcessStatus::Uninit => None,
-            ProcessStatus::Zombie(term_status) => Some(term_status.as_u32()),
-        }
+    pub fn exit_code(&self) -> ExitCode {
+        self.status.exit_code()
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/kernel/src/process/status.rs b/kernel/src/process/status.rs
index 5ae6ddd87..2e00d1356 100644
--- a/kernel/src/process/status.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/process/status.rs
@@ -4,32 +4,56 @@
 
 //! The process status
 
-use super::TermStatus;
+use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering};
 
-#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum ProcessStatus {
-    // Not ready to run
-    Uninit,
-    /// Can be scheduled to run
-    Runnable,
-    /// Exit while not reaped by parent
-    Zombie(TermStatus),
+use super::{ExitCode, TermStatus};
+
+/// The status of process.
+///
+/// The `ProcessStatus` can be viewed as two parts,
+/// the highest 32 bits is the value of `TermStatus`, if any,
+/// the lowest 32 bits is the value of status.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct ProcessStatus(AtomicU64);
+
+#[repr(u8)]
+enum Status {
+    Uninit = 0,
+    Runnable = 1,
+    Zombie = 2,
 }
 
 impl ProcessStatus {
-    pub fn set_zombie(&mut self, term_status: TermStatus) {
-        *self = ProcessStatus::Zombie(term_status);
+    const LOW_MASK: u64 = 0xffff_ffff;
+
+    pub fn new_uninit() -> Self {
+        Self(AtomicU64::new(Status::Uninit as u64))
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_zombie(&self, term_status: TermStatus) {
+        let new_val = (term_status.as_u32() as u64) << 32 | Status::Zombie as u64;
+        self.0.store(new_val, Ordering::Relaxed);
     }
 
     pub fn is_zombie(&self) -> bool {
-        matches!(self, ProcessStatus::Zombie(_))
+        self.0.load(Ordering::Relaxed) & Self::LOW_MASK == Status::Zombie as u64
     }
 
-    pub fn set_runnable(&mut self) {
-        *self = ProcessStatus::Runnable;
+    pub fn set_runnable(&self) {
+        let new_val = Status::Runnable as u64;
+        self.0.store(new_val, Ordering::Relaxed);
     }
 
     pub fn is_runnable(&self) -> bool {
-        *self == ProcessStatus::Runnable
+        self.0.load(Ordering::Relaxed) & Self::LOW_MASK == Status::Runnable as u64
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the exit code.
+    ///
+    /// If the process is not exited, the exit code is zero.
+    /// But if exit code is zero, the process may or may not exit.
+    pub fn exit_code(&self) -> ExitCode {
+        let val = self.0.load(Ordering::Relaxed);
+        (val >> 32 & Self::LOW_MASK) as ExitCode
     }
 }
diff --git a/kernel/src/process/wait.rs b/kernel/src/process/wait.rs
index 5d550523d..e7b3c0a08 100644
--- a/kernel/src/process/wait.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/process/wait.rs
@@ -109,5 +109,5 @@ fn reap_zombie_child(process: &Process, pid: Pid) -> ExitCode {
     }
 
     process_table_mut.remove(&child_process.pid());
-    child_process.exit_code().unwrap()
+    child_process.exit_code()
 }
diff --git a/kernel/src/syscall/kill.rs b/kernel/src/syscall/kill.rs
index 12082f894..bceedff20 100644
--- a/kernel/src/syscall/kill.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/syscall/kill.rs
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ pub fn do_sys_kill(filter: ProcessFilter, sig_num: Option<SigNum>, ctx: &Context
     });
 
     match filter {
-        ProcessFilter::Any => kill_all(signal)?,
-        ProcessFilter::WithPid(pid) => kill(pid, signal)?,
-        ProcessFilter::WithPgid(pgid) => kill_group(pgid, signal)?,
+        ProcessFilter::Any => kill_all(signal, ctx)?,
+        ProcessFilter::WithPid(pid) => kill(pid, signal, ctx)?,
+        ProcessFilter::WithPgid(pgid) => kill_group(pgid, signal, ctx)?,
     }
     Ok(())
 }
diff --git a/kernel/src/syscall/tgkill.rs b/kernel/src/syscall/tgkill.rs
index 15b7c9f39..71d077b6c 100644
--- a/kernel/src/syscall/tgkill.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/syscall/tgkill.rs
@@ -28,6 +28,6 @@ pub fn sys_tgkill(tgid: Pid, tid: Tid, sig_num: u8, ctx: &Context) -> Result<Sys
         let uid = ctx.posix_thread.credentials().ruid();
         UserSignal::new(sig_num, UserSignalKind::Tkill, pid, uid)
     });
-    tgkill(tid, tgid, signal)?;
+    tgkill(tid, tgid, signal, ctx)?;
     Ok(SyscallReturn::Return(0))
 }
diff --git a/kernel/src/syscall/wait4.rs b/kernel/src/syscall/wait4.rs
index 4fe02ff21..e3982adc4 100644
--- a/kernel/src/syscall/wait4.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/syscall/wait4.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ pub fn sys_wait4(
         return Ok(SyscallReturn::Return(0 as _));
     };
 
-    let (return_pid, exit_code) = (process.pid(), process.exit_code().unwrap());
+    let (return_pid, exit_code) = (process.pid(), process.exit_code());
     if exit_status_ptr != 0 {
         ctx.get_user_space()
             .write_val(exit_status_ptr as _, &exit_code)?;
diff --git a/kernel/src/thread/exception.rs b/kernel/src/thread/exception.rs
index e97a3f924..a60d5c521 100644
--- a/kernel/src/thread/exception.rs
+++ b/kernel/src/thread/exception.rs
@@ -19,12 +19,12 @@ pub fn handle_exception(ctx: &Context, context: &UserContext) {
     match *exception {
         PAGE_FAULT => {
             if handle_page_fault(root_vmar.vm_space(), trap_info).is_err() {
-                generate_fault_signal(trap_info);
+                generate_fault_signal(trap_info, ctx);
             }
         }
         _ => {
             // We current do nothing about other exceptions
-            generate_fault_signal(trap_info);
+            generate_fault_signal(trap_info, ctx);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -42,13 +42,14 @@ pub(crate) fn handle_page_fault(
         trap_info.error_code,
         page_fault_addr
     );
+
     let not_present = trap_info.error_code & PAGE_NOT_PRESENT_ERROR_MASK == 0;
     let write = trap_info.error_code & WRITE_ACCESS_MASK != 0;
     if not_present || write {
-        // If page is not present or due to write access, we should ask the vmar try to commit this page
         let current = current!();
         let root_vmar = current.root_vmar();
 
+        // If page is not present or due to write access, we should ask the vmar try to commit this page
         debug_assert_eq!(
             Arc::as_ptr(root_vmar.vm_space()),
             vm_space as *const VmSpace
@@ -69,10 +70,9 @@ pub(crate) fn handle_page_fault(
 }
 
 /// generate a fault signal for current process.
-fn generate_fault_signal(trap_info: &CpuExceptionInfo) {
-    let current = current!();
+fn generate_fault_signal(trap_info: &CpuExceptionInfo, ctx: &Context) {
     let signal = FaultSignal::new(trap_info);
-    current.enqueue_signal(signal);
+    ctx.posix_thread.enqueue_signal(Box::new(signal));
 }
 
 macro_rules! log_trap_common {
diff --git a/test/benchmark/lmbench-signal-prot/run.sh b/test/benchmark/lmbench-signal-prot/run.sh
index 319b52d09..7a6540134 100644
--- a/test/benchmark/lmbench-signal-prot/run.sh
+++ b/test/benchmark/lmbench-signal-prot/run.sh
@@ -7,4 +7,4 @@ set -e
 echo "*** Running the LMbench protection fault latency test ***"
 
 dd if=/dev/zero of=/ext2/test_file bs=1M count=256
-/benchmark/bin/lmbench/lat_sig prot /ext2/test_file
\ No newline at end of file
+/benchmark/bin/lmbench/lat_sig -N 100 prot /ext2/test_file
\ No newline at end of file