diff --git a/kernel/aster-nix/src/lib.rs b/kernel/aster-nix/src/lib.rs
index 8fb1cee0b..dc29a7efd 100644
--- a/kernel/aster-nix/src/lib.rs
+++ b/kernel/aster-nix/src/lib.rs
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@ pub mod vm;
 
 pub fn init() {
     driver::init();
+    time::init();
     net::init();
     sched::init();
     fs::rootfs::init(boot::initramfs()).unwrap();
diff --git a/kernel/aster-nix/src/time/mod.rs b/kernel/aster-nix/src/time/mod.rs
index fa2afeb21..95b2a643e 100644
--- a/kernel/aster-nix/src/time/mod.rs
+++ b/kernel/aster-nix/src/time/mod.rs
@@ -9,13 +9,17 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 
 mod system_time;
 
-pub use system_time::SystemTime;
+pub use system_time::{SystemTime, START_TIME};
 
 pub type clockid_t = i32;
 pub type time_t = i64;
 pub type suseconds_t = i64;
 pub type clock_t = i64;
 
+pub(super) fn init() {
+    system_time::init_start_time();
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, TryFromInt, PartialEq)]
 #[repr(i32)]
 pub enum ClockID {
diff --git a/kernel/aster-nix/src/time/system_time.rs b/kernel/aster-nix/src/time/system_time.rs
index 9155439a9..bd18fb608 100644
--- a/kernel/aster-nix/src/time/system_time.rs
+++ b/kernel/aster-nix/src/time/system_time.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 use core::time::Duration;
 
 use aster_time::{read_monotonic_time, read_start_time};
+use spin::Once;
 use time::{Date, Month, PrimitiveDateTime, Time};
 
 use crate::prelude::*;
@@ -11,6 +12,13 @@ use crate::prelude::*;
 #[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
 pub struct SystemTime(PrimitiveDateTime);
 
+pub static START_TIME: Once<SystemTime> = Once::new();
+
+pub(super) fn init_start_time() {
+    let start_time = convert_system_time(read_start_time()).unwrap();
+    START_TIME.call_once(|| start_time);
+}
+
 impl SystemTime {
     /// The unix epoch, which represents 1970-01-01 00:00:00
     pub const UNIX_EPOCH: SystemTime = SystemTime::unix_epoch();
@@ -29,10 +37,8 @@ impl SystemTime {
 
     /// Returns the current system time
     pub fn now() -> Self {
-        let start = read_start_time();
-
-        // The get real time result should always be valid
-        convert_system_time(start)
+        START_TIME
+            .get()
             .unwrap()
             .checked_add(read_monotonic_time())
             .unwrap()
diff --git a/kernel/aster-nix/src/vdso.rs b/kernel/aster-nix/src/vdso.rs
index 7f735286d..077c2e593 100644
--- a/kernel/aster-nix/src/vdso.rs
+++ b/kernel/aster-nix/src/vdso.rs
@@ -12,20 +12,22 @@
 //! use. It also hooks up the VDSO data update routine to the time management subsystem for periodic updates.
 
 use alloc::{boxed::Box, sync::Arc};
+use core::time::Duration;
 
 use aster_frame::{
-    sync::Mutex,
-    vm::{VmIo, PAGE_SIZE},
+    sync::SpinLock,
+    timer::Timer,
+    vm::{VmFrame, VmIo, PAGE_SIZE},
 };
 use aster_rights::Rights;
-use aster_time::Instant;
+use aster_time::{read_monotonic_time, Instant};
 use aster_util::coeff::Coeff;
 use pod::Pod;
 use spin::Once;
 
 use crate::{
     fs::fs_resolver::{FsPath, FsResolver, AT_FDCWD},
-    time::{ClockID, SystemTime, ALL_SUPPORTED_CLOCK_IDS},
+    time::{ClockID, SystemTime, START_TIME},
     vm::vmo::{Vmo, VmoOptions},
 };
 
@@ -46,20 +48,25 @@ enum VdsoClockMode {
 }
 
 /// Instant used in `VdsoData`.
-/// The `VdsoInstant` records the second of an instant,
-/// and the calculation results of multiplying `nanos` with `mult` in the corresponding `VdsoData`.
+///
+/// Each `VdsoInstant` will store a instant information for a specified `ClockID`.
+/// The `secs` field will record the seconds of the instant,
+/// and the `nanos_info` will store the nanoseconds of the instant
+/// (for `CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE` and `CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE`) or
+/// the calculation results of left-shift `nanos` with `lshift`
+/// (for other high-resolution `ClockID`s).
 #[repr(C)]
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Copy, Clone, Pod)]
 struct VdsoInstant {
     secs: u64,
-    nanos_lshift: u64,
+    nanos_info: u64,
 }
 
 impl VdsoInstant {
     const fn zero() -> Self {
         Self {
             secs: 0,
-            nanos_lshift: 0,
+            nanos_info: 0,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -70,7 +77,7 @@ struct ArchVdsoData {}
 
 /// A POD (Plain Old Data) structure maintaining timing information that required for userspace.
 ///
-/// Since currently we directly use the vdso shared library of Linux,
+/// Since currently we directly use the VDSO shared library of Linux,
 /// currently it aligns with the Linux VDSO shared library format and contents
 /// (Linux v6.2.10)
 #[repr(C)]
@@ -93,6 +100,18 @@ struct VdsoData {
     arch_data: ArchVdsoData,
 }
 
+const HIGH_RES_CLOCK_IDS: [ClockID; 4] = [
+    ClockID::CLOCK_REALTIME,
+    ClockID::CLOCK_MONOTONIC,
+    ClockID::CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW,
+    ClockID::CLOCK_BOOTTIME,
+];
+
+const COARSE_RES_CLOCK_IDS: [ClockID; 2] = [
+    ClockID::CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE,
+    ClockID::CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE,
+];
+
 impl VdsoData {
     const fn empty() -> Self {
         VdsoData {
@@ -111,13 +130,16 @@ impl VdsoData {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Init vdso data based on the default clocksource.
+    /// Init VDSO data based on the default clocksource.
     fn init(&mut self) {
         let clocksource = aster_time::default_clocksource();
         let coeff = clocksource.coeff();
         self.set_clock_mode(DEFAULT_CLOCK_MODE);
         self.set_coeff(coeff);
-        self.update_instant(clocksource.last_instant(), clocksource.last_cycles());
+
+        let (last_instant, last_cycles) = clocksource.last_record();
+        self.update_high_res_instant(last_instant, last_cycles);
+        self.update_coarse_res_instant(last_instant);
     }
 
     fn set_clock_mode(&mut self, mode: VdsoClockMode) {
@@ -129,21 +151,20 @@ impl VdsoData {
         self.shift = coeff.shift();
     }
 
-    fn update_clock_instant(&mut self, clockid: usize, secs: u64, nanos_lshift: u64) {
+    fn update_clock_instant(&mut self, clockid: usize, secs: u64, nanos_info: u64) {
         self.basetime[clockid].secs = secs;
-        self.basetime[clockid].nanos_lshift = nanos_lshift;
+        self.basetime[clockid].nanos_info = nanos_info;
     }
 
-    fn update_instant(&mut self, instant: Instant, instant_cycles: u64) {
+    fn update_high_res_instant(&mut self, instant: Instant, instant_cycles: u64) {
         self.last_cycles = instant_cycles;
-        const REALTIME_IDS: [ClockID; 2] =
-            [ClockID::CLOCK_REALTIME, ClockID::CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE];
-        for clock_id in ALL_SUPPORTED_CLOCK_IDS {
-            let secs = if REALTIME_IDS.contains(&clock_id) {
+        for clock_id in HIGH_RES_CLOCK_IDS {
+            let secs = if clock_id == ClockID::CLOCK_REALTIME {
                 instant.secs() + START_SECS_COUNT.get().unwrap()
             } else {
                 instant.secs()
             };
+
             self.update_clock_instant(
                 clock_id as usize,
                 secs,
@@ -151,31 +172,48 @@ impl VdsoData {
             );
         }
     }
+
+    fn update_coarse_res_instant(&mut self, instant: Instant) {
+        for clock_id in COARSE_RES_CLOCK_IDS {
+            let secs = if clock_id == ClockID::CLOCK_REALTIME_COARSE {
+                instant.secs() + START_SECS_COUNT.get().unwrap()
+            } else {
+                instant.secs()
+            };
+            self.update_clock_instant(clock_id as usize, secs, instant.nanos() as u64);
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Vdso (virtual dynamic shared object) is used to export some safe kernel space routines to user space applications
 /// so that applications can call these kernel space routines in-process, without context switching.
 ///
-/// Vdso maintains a `VdsoData` instance that contains data information required for vdso mechanism,
-/// and a `Vmo` that contains all vdso-related information, including the vdso data and the vdso calling interfaces.
+/// Vdso maintains a `VdsoData` instance that contains data information required for VDSO mechanism,
+/// and a `Vmo` that contains all VDSO-related information, including the VDSO data and the VDSO calling interfaces.
 /// This `Vmo` must be mapped to every userspace process.
 struct Vdso {
     /// A VdsoData instance.
-    data: Mutex<VdsoData>,
-    /// the vmo of the entire vdso, including the library text and the vdso data.
+    data: SpinLock<VdsoData>,
+    /// The vmo of the entire VDSO, including the library text and the VDSO data.
     vmo: Arc<Vmo>,
+    /// The `VmFrame` that contains the VDSO data. This frame is contained in and
+    /// will not be removed from the VDSO vmo.
+    data_frame: VmFrame,
 }
 
+/// A `SpinLock` for the `seq` field in `VdsoData`.
+static SEQ_LOCK: SpinLock<()> = SpinLock::new(());
+
 impl Vdso {
-    /// Construct a new Vdso, including an initialized `VdsoData` and a vmo of the vdso.
+    /// Construct a new Vdso, including an initialized `VdsoData` and a vmo of the VDSO.
     fn new() -> Self {
         let mut vdso_data = VdsoData::empty();
         vdso_data.init();
 
-        let vdso_vmo = {
+        let (vdso_vmo, data_frame) = {
             let vmo_options = VmoOptions::<Rights>::new(5 * PAGE_SIZE);
             let vdso_vmo = vmo_options.alloc().unwrap();
-            // Write vdso data to vdso vmo.
+            // Write VDSO data to VDSO vmo.
             vdso_vmo.write_bytes(0x80, vdso_data.as_bytes()).unwrap();
 
             let vdso_lib_vmo = {
@@ -186,62 +224,87 @@ impl Vdso {
             };
             let mut vdso_text = Box::new([0u8; PAGE_SIZE]);
             vdso_lib_vmo.read_bytes(0, &mut *vdso_text).unwrap();
-            // Write vdso library to vdso vmo.
+            // Write VDSO library to VDSO vmo.
             vdso_vmo.write_bytes(0x4000, &*vdso_text).unwrap();
 
-            vdso_vmo
+            let data_frame = vdso_vmo.get_committed_frame(0, true).unwrap();
+            (vdso_vmo, data_frame)
         };
         Self {
-            data: Mutex::new(vdso_data),
+            data: SpinLock::new(vdso_data),
             vmo: Arc::new(vdso_vmo),
+            data_frame,
         }
     }
 
-    /// Return the vdso vmo.
-    fn vmo(&self) -> Arc<Vmo> {
-        self.vmo.clone()
-    }
-
-    fn update_instant(&self, instant: Instant, instant_cycles: u64) {
-        self.data.lock().update_instant(instant, instant_cycles);
+    fn update_high_res_instant(&self, instant: Instant, instant_cycles: u64) {
+        let seq_lock = SEQ_LOCK.lock();
+        self.data
+            .lock()
+            .update_high_res_instant(instant, instant_cycles);
 
         // Update begins.
-        self.vmo.write_val(0x80, &1).unwrap();
-        self.vmo.write_val(0x88, &instant_cycles).unwrap();
-        for clock_id in ALL_SUPPORTED_CLOCK_IDS {
-            self.update_vmo_instant(clock_id);
+        self.data_frame.write_val(0x80, &1).unwrap();
+        self.data_frame.write_val(0x88, &instant_cycles).unwrap();
+        for clock_id in HIGH_RES_CLOCK_IDS {
+            self.update_data_frame_instant(clock_id);
         }
+
         // Update finishes.
-        self.vmo.write_val(0x80, &0).unwrap();
+        self.data_frame.write_val(0x80, &0).unwrap();
     }
 
-    /// Update the requisite fields of the vdso data in the vmo.
-    fn update_vmo_instant(&self, clockid: ClockID) {
+    fn update_coarse_res_instant(&self, instant: Instant) {
+        let seq_lock = SEQ_LOCK.lock();
+        self.data.lock().update_coarse_res_instant(instant);
+
+        // Update begins.
+        self.data_frame.write_val(0x80, &1).unwrap();
+        for clock_id in COARSE_RES_CLOCK_IDS {
+            self.update_data_frame_instant(clock_id);
+        }
+
+        // Update finishes.
+        self.data_frame.write_val(0x80, &0).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    /// Update the requisite fields of the VDSO data in the `data_frame`.
+    fn update_data_frame_instant(&self, clockid: ClockID) {
         let clock_index = clockid as usize;
         let secs_offset = 0xA0 + clock_index * 0x10;
-        let nanos_lshift_offset = 0xA8 + clock_index * 0x10;
+        let nanos_info_offset = 0xA8 + clock_index * 0x10;
         let data = self.data.lock();
-        self.vmo
+        self.data_frame
             .write_val(secs_offset, &data.basetime[clock_index].secs)
             .unwrap();
-        self.vmo
-            .write_val(
-                nanos_lshift_offset,
-                &data.basetime[clock_index].nanos_lshift,
-            )
+        self.data_frame
+            .write_val(nanos_info_offset, &data.basetime[clock_index].nanos_info)
             .unwrap();
     }
 }
 
-/// Update the `VdsoInstant` in Vdso.
-fn update_vdso_instant(instant: Instant, instant_cycles: u64) {
-    VDSO.get().unwrap().update_instant(instant, instant_cycles);
+/// Update the `VdsoInstant` for clock IDs with high resolution in Vdso.
+fn update_vdso_high_res_instant(instant: Instant, instant_cycles: u64) {
+    VDSO.get()
+        .unwrap()
+        .update_high_res_instant(instant, instant_cycles);
+}
+
+/// Update the `VdsoInstant` for clock IDs with coarse resolution in Vdso.
+fn update_vdso_coarse_res_instant(timer: Arc<Timer>) {
+    let instant = Instant::from(read_monotonic_time());
+    VDSO.get().unwrap().update_coarse_res_instant(instant);
+
+    timer.set(Duration::from_millis(100));
 }
 
 /// Init `START_SECS_COUNT`, which is used to record the seconds passed since 1970-01-01 00:00:00.
 fn init_start_secs_count() {
-    let now = SystemTime::now();
-    let time_duration = now.duration_since(&SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH).unwrap();
+    let time_duration = START_TIME
+        .get()
+        .unwrap()
+        .duration_since(&SystemTime::UNIX_EPOCH)
+        .unwrap();
     START_SECS_COUNT.call_once(|| time_duration.as_secs());
 }
 
@@ -250,15 +313,20 @@ fn init_vdso() {
     VDSO.call_once(|| Arc::new(vdso));
 }
 
-/// Init vdso module.
+/// Init this module.
 pub(super) fn init() {
     init_start_secs_count();
     init_vdso();
-    aster_time::VDSO_DATA_UPDATE.call_once(|| Arc::new(update_vdso_instant));
+    aster_time::VDSO_DATA_HIGH_RES_UPDATE_FN.call_once(|| Arc::new(update_vdso_high_res_instant));
+
+    // Coarse resolution clock IDs directly read the instant stored in VDSO data without
+    // using coefficients for calculation, thus the related instant requires more frequent updating.
+    let coarse_instant_timer = Timer::new(update_vdso_coarse_res_instant).unwrap();
+    coarse_instant_timer.set(Duration::from_millis(100));
 }
 
-/// Return the vdso vmo.
+/// Return the VDSO vmo.
 pub(crate) fn vdso_vmo() -> Option<Arc<Vmo>> {
-    // We allow that vdso does not exist
-    VDSO.get().map(|vdso| vdso.vmo())
+    // We allow that VDSO does not exist
+    VDSO.get().map(|vdso| vdso.vmo.clone())
 }
diff --git a/kernel/comps/time/src/clocksource.rs b/kernel/comps/time/src/clocksource.rs
index bcf36e0e8..563ca9e55 100644
--- a/kernel/comps/time/src/clocksource.rs
+++ b/kernel/comps/time/src/clocksource.rs
@@ -1,16 +1,19 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
 
-//! This module provides abstractions for hardware-assisted timing mechanisms, encapsulated by the `ClockSource` struct.
-//! A `ClockSource` can be constructed from any counter with a stable frequency, enabling precise time measurements to be taken
-//! by retrieving instances of `Instant`.
+//! This module provides abstractions for hardware-assisted timing mechanisms, encapsulated
+//! by the `ClockSource` struct.
 //!
-//! The `ClockSource` module is a fundamental building block for timing in systems that require high precision and accuracy.
-//! It can be integrated into larger systems to provide timing capabilities, or used standalone for time tracking and elapsed time measurements.
+//! A `ClockSource` can be constructed from any counter with a stable frequency, enabling precise
+//! time measurements to be taken by retrieving instances of `Instant`.
+//!
+//! The `ClockSource` module is a fundamental building block for timing in systems that require
+//! high precision and accuracy. It can be integrated into larger systems to provide timing capabilities,
+//! or used standalone for time tracking and elapsed time measurements.
 
 use alloc::sync::Arc;
 use core::{cmp::max, ops::Add, time::Duration};
 
-use aster_frame::sync::SpinLock;
+use aster_frame::sync::RwLock;
 use aster_util::coeff::Coeff;
 
 use crate::NANOS_PER_SECOND;
@@ -20,15 +23,21 @@ use crate::NANOS_PER_SECOND;
 /// Users are able to measure time by retrieving `Instant` from this source.
 ///
 /// # Implementation
-/// The `ClockSource` relies on obtaining the frequency of the counter and the method for reading the cycles in order to measure time.
+/// The `ClockSource` relies on obtaining the frequency of the counter and the method for
+/// reading the cycles in order to measure time.
+///
 /// The **cycles** here refer the counts of the base time counter.
-/// Additionally, the `ClockSource` also holds a last recorded instant, which acts as a reference point for subsequent time retrieval.
-/// To prevent numerical overflow during the calculation of `Instant`, this last recorded instant **must be periodically refreshed**.
-/// The maximum interval for these updates must be determined at the time of the `ClockSource` initialization.
+///
+/// Additionally, the `ClockSource` also holds a last record for an `Instant` and the
+/// corresponding cycles, which acts as a reference point for subsequent time retrieval.
+/// To prevent numerical overflow during  the calculation of `Instant`, this last recorded instant
+/// **must be periodically refreshed**. The maximum interval for these updates must be determined
+/// at the time of the `ClockSource` initialization.
 ///
 /// # Examples
-/// Suppose we have a counter called `counter` which have the frequency `counter.freq`, and the method to read its cycles called `read_counter()`.
-/// We can create a corresponding `ClockSource` and use it as follows:
+/// Suppose we have a counter called `counter` which have the frequency `counter.freq`, and the method
+/// to read its cycles called `read_counter()`. We can create a corresponding `ClockSource` and
+/// use it as follows:
 ///
 /// ```rust
 /// // here we set the max_delay_secs = 10
@@ -45,16 +54,17 @@ pub struct ClockSource {
     read_cycles: Arc<dyn Fn() -> u64 + Sync + Send>,
     base: ClockSourceBase,
     coeff: Coeff,
-    last_instant: SpinLock<Instant>,
-    last_cycles: SpinLock<u64>,
+    /// A record to an `Instant` and the corresponding cycles of this `ClockSource`.
+    last_record: RwLock<(Instant, u64)>,
 }
 
 impl ClockSource {
     /// Create a new `ClockSource` instance.
-    /// Require basic information of based time counter, including the function for reading cycles, the frequency
-    /// and the maximum delay seconds to update this `ClockSource`.
-    /// The `ClockSource` also calculates a reliable `Coeff` based on the counter's frequency and the maximum delay seconds.
-    /// This `Coeff` is used to convert the number of cycles into the duration of time that has passed for those cycles.
+    /// Require basic information of based time counter, including the function for reading cycles,
+    /// the frequency and the maximum delay seconds to update this `ClockSource`.
+    /// The `ClockSource` also calculates a reliable `Coeff` based on the counter's frequency and
+    /// the maximum delay seconds. This `Coeff` is used to convert the number of cycles into
+    /// the duration of time that has passed for those cycles.
     pub fn new(
         freq: u64,
         max_delay_secs: u64,
@@ -68,8 +78,7 @@ impl ClockSource {
             read_cycles,
             base,
             coeff,
-            last_instant: SpinLock::new(Instant::zero()),
-            last_cycles: SpinLock::new(0),
+            last_record: RwLock::new((Instant::zero(), 0)),
         }
     }
 
@@ -78,25 +87,23 @@ impl ClockSource {
     }
 
     /// Use the instant cycles to calculate the instant.
-    /// It first calculates the difference between the instant cycles and the last recorded cycles stored in the clocksource.
-    /// Then `ClockSource` will convert the passed cycles into passed time and calculate the current instant.
+    ///
+    /// It first calculates the difference between the instant cycles and the last
+    /// recorded cycles stored in the clocksource. Then `ClockSource` will convert
+    /// the passed cycles into passed time and calculate the current instant.
     fn calculate_instant(&self, instant_cycles: u64) -> Instant {
+        let (last_instant, last_cycles) = *self.last_record.read_irq_disabled();
         let delta_nanos = {
-            let delta_cycles = instant_cycles - self.last_cycles();
+            let delta_cycles = instant_cycles - last_cycles;
             self.cycles_to_nanos(delta_cycles)
         };
         let duration = Duration::from_nanos(delta_nanos);
-        self.last_instant() + duration
+        last_instant + duration
     }
 
-    /// Use an input instant to update the internal instant in the `ClockSource`.
-    fn update_last_instant(&self, instant: &Instant) {
-        *self.last_instant.lock() = *instant;
-    }
-
-    /// Use an input cycles to update the internal instant in the `ClockSource`.
-    fn update_last_cycles(&self, cycles: u64) {
-        *self.last_cycles.lock() = cycles;
+    /// Use an input instant and cycles to update the `last_record` in the `ClockSource`.
+    fn update_last_record(&self, record: (Instant, u64)) {
+        *self.last_record.write_irq_disabled() = record;
     }
 
     /// read current cycles of the `ClockSource`.
@@ -104,19 +111,14 @@ impl ClockSource {
         (self.read_cycles)()
     }
 
-    /// Return the last instant recorded in the `ClockSource`.
-    pub fn last_instant(&self) -> Instant {
-        return *self.last_instant.lock();
-    }
-
-    /// Return the last cycles recorded in the `ClockSource`.
-    pub fn last_cycles(&self) -> u64 {
-        return *self.last_cycles.lock();
+    /// Return the last instant and last cycles recorded in the `ClockSource`.
+    pub fn last_record(&self) -> (Instant, u64) {
+        return *self.last_record.read_irq_disabled();
     }
 
     /// Return the maximum delay seconds for updating of the `ClockSource`.
     pub fn max_delay_secs(&self) -> u64 {
-        self.base.max_delay_secs()
+        self.base.max_delay_secs
     }
 
     /// Return the reference to the generated cycles coeff of the `ClockSource`.
@@ -126,26 +128,24 @@ impl ClockSource {
 
     /// Return the frequency of the counter used in the `ClockSource`.
     pub fn freq(&self) -> u64 {
-        self.base.freq()
+        self.base.freq
     }
 
     /// Calibrate the recorded `Instant` to zero, and record the instant cycles.
     pub(crate) fn calibrate(&self, instant_cycles: u64) {
-        self.update_last_cycles(instant_cycles);
-        self.update_last_instant(&Instant::zero());
+        self.update_last_record((Instant::zero(), instant_cycles));
     }
 
     /// Get the instant to update the internal instant in the `ClockSource`.
     pub(crate) fn update(&self) {
         let instant_cycles = self.read_cycles();
         let instant = self.calculate_instant(instant_cycles);
-        self.update_last_cycles(instant_cycles);
-        self.update_last_instant(&instant);
+        self.update_last_record((instant, instant_cycles));
     }
 
     /// Read the instant corresponding to the current time.
-    /// When trying to read an instant from the clocksource, it will use the reading method to read instant cycles.
-    /// Then leverage it to calculate the instant.
+    /// When trying to read an instant from the clocksource, it will use the reading method
+    /// to read instant cycles. Then leverage it to calculate the instant.
     pub(crate) fn read_instant(&self) -> Instant {
         let instant_cycles = self.read_cycles();
         self.calculate_instant(instant_cycles)
@@ -162,10 +162,12 @@ pub struct Instant {
 }
 
 impl Instant {
+    /// Create a zeroed `Instant`.
     pub const fn zero() -> Self {
         Self { secs: 0, nanos: 0 }
     }
 
+    /// Create an new `Instant` based on the inputting `secs` and `nanos`.
     pub fn new(secs: u64, nanos: u32) -> Self {
         Self { secs, nanos }
     }
@@ -181,6 +183,15 @@ impl Instant {
     }
 }
 
+impl From<Duration> for Instant {
+    fn from(value: Duration) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            secs: value.as_secs(),
+            nanos: value.subsec_nanos(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl Add<Duration> for Instant {
     type Output = Instant;
 
@@ -210,12 +221,4 @@ impl ClockSourceBase {
             max_delay_secs,
         }
     }
-
-    fn max_delay_secs(&self) -> u64 {
-        self.max_delay_secs
-    }
-
-    fn freq(&self) -> u64 {
-        self.freq
-    }
 }
diff --git a/kernel/comps/time/src/lib.rs b/kernel/comps/time/src/lib.rs
index b1a426975..cc00d4b8a 100644
--- a/kernel/comps/time/src/lib.rs
+++ b/kernel/comps/time/src/lib.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,8 @@ mod rtc;
 mod tsc;
 
 pub const NANOS_PER_SECOND: u32 = 1_000_000_000;
-pub static VDSO_DATA_UPDATE: Once<Arc<dyn Fn(Instant, u64) + Sync + Send>> = Once::new();
+pub static VDSO_DATA_HIGH_RES_UPDATE_FN: Once<Arc<dyn Fn(Instant, u64) + Sync + Send>> =
+    Once::new();
 
 #[init_component]
 fn time_init() -> Result<(), ComponentInitError> {
diff --git a/kernel/comps/time/src/tsc.rs b/kernel/comps/time/src/tsc.rs
index a2e0bd4e2..d460fe869 100644
--- a/kernel/comps/time/src/tsc.rs
+++ b/kernel/comps/time/src/tsc.rs
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ use spin::Once;
 
 use crate::{
     clocksource::{ClockSource, Instant},
-    START_TIME, VDSO_DATA_UPDATE,
+    START_TIME, VDSO_DATA_HIGH_RES_UPDATE_FN,
 };
 
 /// A instance of TSC clocksource.
@@ -58,8 +58,9 @@ fn update_clocksource(timer: Arc<Timer>) {
     clock.update();
 
     // Update vdso data.
-    if VDSO_DATA_UPDATE.is_completed() {
-        VDSO_DATA_UPDATE.get().unwrap()(clock.last_instant(), clock.last_cycles());
+    if let Some(update_fn) = VDSO_DATA_HIGH_RES_UPDATE_FN.get() {
+        let (last_instant, last_cycles) = clock.last_record();
+        update_fn(last_instant, last_cycles);
     }
     // Setting the timer as `clock.max_delay_secs() - 1` is to avoid
     // the actual delay time is greater than the maximum delay seconds due to the latency of execution.