Refactor virtio drivers with DMA APIs

Cargo.lock

@@ -176,9 +176,10 @@ dependencies = [
  "aster-rights",
  "aster-util",
  "bitflags 1.3.2",
- "bytes",
+ "bitvec",
  "component",
  "int-to-c-enum",
+ "ktest",
  "log",
  "pod",
  "ringbuf",

framework/aster-frame/src/task/task.rs

@@ -51,9 +51,7 @@ pub struct KernelStack {
 impl KernelStack {
     pub fn new() -> Result<Self> {
         Ok(Self {
-            segment: VmAllocOptions::new(KERNEL_STACK_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE)
+            segment: VmAllocOptions::new(KERNEL_STACK_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE).alloc_contiguous()?,
-                .is_contiguous(true)
-                .alloc_contiguous()?,
             old_guard_page_flag: None,
         })
     }
@@ -61,9 +59,8 @@ impl KernelStack {
     /// Generate a kernel stack with a guard page.
     /// An additional page is allocated and be regarded as a guard page, which should not be accessed.  
     pub fn new_with_guard_page() -> Result<Self> {
-        let stack_segment = VmAllocOptions::new(KERNEL_STACK_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE + 1)
+        let stack_segment =
-            .is_contiguous(true)
+            VmAllocOptions::new(KERNEL_STACK_SIZE / PAGE_SIZE + 1).alloc_contiguous()?;
-            .alloc_contiguous()?;
         let unpresent_flag = PageTableFlags::empty();
         let old_guard_page_flag = Self::protect_guard_page(&stack_segment, unpresent_flag);
         Ok(Self {

framework/aster-frame/src/vm/options.rs

@@ -84,7 +84,8 @@ impl VmAllocOptions {
     ///
     /// The returned `VmSegment` contains at least one page frame.
     pub fn alloc_contiguous(&self) -> Result<VmSegment> {
-        if !self.is_contiguous || self.nframes == 0 {
+        // It's no use to checking `self.is_contiguous` here.
+        if self.nframes == 0 {
             return Err(Error::InvalidArgs);
         }
 

kernel/aster-nix/src/device/tty/driver.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
 
-pub use aster_frame::arch::console::register_console_input_callback;
+pub use aster_frame::arch::console;
+use aster_frame::vm::VmReader;
 use spin::Once;
 
 use crate::{
@@ -62,24 +63,25 @@ impl TtyDriver {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn receive_char(&self, item: u8) {
+    pub fn push_char(&self, ch: u8) {
         // FIXME: should the char send to all ttys?
         for tty in &*self.ttys.lock_irq_disabled() {
-            tty.receive_char(item);
+            tty.push_char(ch);
         }
     }
 }
 
-fn console_input_callback(items: &[u8]) {
+fn console_input_callback(mut reader: VmReader) {
     let tty_driver = get_tty_driver();
-    for item in items {
+    while reader.remain() > 0 {
-        tty_driver.receive_char(*item);
+        let ch = reader.read_val();
+        tty_driver.push_char(ch);
     }
 }
 
 fn serial_input_callback(item: u8) {
     let tty_driver = get_tty_driver();
-    tty_driver.receive_char(item);
+    tty_driver.push_char(item);
 }
 
 fn get_tty_driver() -> &'static TtyDriver {

kernel/aster-nix/src/device/tty/mod.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
 
+use aster_frame::early_print;
 use spin::Once;
 
 use self::{driver::TtyDriver, line_discipline::LineDiscipline};
@@ -61,8 +62,11 @@ impl Tty {
         *self.driver.lock_irq_disabled() = driver;
     }
 
-    pub fn receive_char(&self, ch: u8) {
+    pub fn push_char(&self, ch: u8) {
-        self.ldisc.push_char(ch, |content| print!("{}", content));
+        // FIXME: Use `early_print` to avoid calling virtio-console.
+        // This is only a workaround
+        self.ldisc
+            .push_char(ch, |content| early_print!("{}", content))
     }
 }
 

kernel/aster-nix/src/fs/ext2/fs.rs

@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ impl Ext2 {
             .div_ceil(BLOCK_SIZE);
             let segment = VmAllocOptions::new(npages)
                 .uninit(true)
-                .is_contiguous(true)
                 .alloc_contiguous()?;
             match block_device.read_blocks_sync(super_block.group_descriptors_bid(0), &segment)? {
                 BioStatus::Complete => (),

kernel/aster-nix/src/lib.rs

@@ -80,6 +80,9 @@ fn init_thread() {
         "[kernel] Spawn init thread, tid = {}",
         current_thread!().tid()
     );
+    // Work queue should be initialized before interrupt is enabled,
+    // in case any irq handler uses work queue as bottom half
+    thread::work_queue::init();
     // FIXME: Remove this if we move the step of mounting
     // the filesystems to be done within the init process.
     aster_frame::trap::enable_local();
@@ -97,7 +100,6 @@ fn init_thread() {
         "[aster-nix/lib.rs] spawn kernel thread, tid = {}",
         thread.tid()
     );
-    thread::work_queue::init();
 
     print_banner();
 

kernel/comps/block/src/impl_block_device.rs

@@ -99,7 +99,6 @@ impl VmIo for dyn BlockDevice {
             };
             let segment = VmAllocOptions::new(num_blocks as usize)
                 .uninit(true)
-                .is_contiguous(true)
                 .alloc_contiguous()?;
             let bio_segment = BioSegment::from_segment(segment, offset % BLOCK_SIZE, buf.len());
 
@@ -141,7 +140,6 @@ impl VmIo for dyn BlockDevice {
             };
             let segment = VmAllocOptions::new(num_blocks as usize)
                 .uninit(true)
-                .is_contiguous(true)
                 .alloc_contiguous()?;
             segment.write_bytes(offset % BLOCK_SIZE, buf)?;
             let len = segment
@@ -183,7 +181,6 @@ impl dyn BlockDevice {
             };
             let segment = VmAllocOptions::new(num_blocks as usize)
                 .uninit(true)
-                .is_contiguous(true)
                 .alloc_contiguous()?;
             segment.write_bytes(offset % BLOCK_SIZE, buf)?;
             let len = segment

kernel/comps/console/src/lib.rs

@@ -10,17 +10,20 @@ extern crate alloc;
 use alloc::{collections::BTreeMap, fmt::Debug, string::String, sync::Arc, vec::Vec};
 use core::any::Any;
 
-use aster_frame::sync::SpinLock;
+use aster_frame::{sync::SpinLock, vm::VmReader};
 use component::{init_component, ComponentInitError};
 use spin::Once;
 
-pub type ConsoleCallback = dyn Fn(&[u8]) + Send + Sync;
+pub type ConsoleCallback = dyn Fn(VmReader) + Send + Sync;
 
 pub trait AnyConsoleDevice: Send + Sync + Any + Debug {
     fn send(&self, buf: &[u8]);
-    fn recv(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Option<usize>;
+    /// Registers callback to the console device.
+    /// The callback will be called once the console device receive data.
+    ///
+    /// Since the callback will be called in interrupt context,
+    /// the callback should NEVER sleep.
     fn register_callback(&self, callback: &'static ConsoleCallback);
-    fn handle_irq(&self);
 }
 
 pub fn register_device(name: String, device: Arc<dyn AnyConsoleDevice>) {
@@ -32,16 +35,6 @@ pub fn register_device(name: String, device: Arc<dyn AnyConsoleDevice>) {
         .insert(name, device);
 }
 
-pub fn get_device(str: &str) -> Option<Arc<dyn AnyConsoleDevice>> {
-    COMPONENT
-        .get()
-        .unwrap()
-        .console_device_table
-        .lock_irq_disabled()
-        .get(str)
-        .cloned()
-}
-
 pub fn all_devices() -> Vec<(String, Arc<dyn AnyConsoleDevice>)> {
     let console_devs = COMPONENT
         .get()

kernel/comps/input/src/lib.rs

@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ pub enum InputEvent {
 }
 
 pub trait InputDevice: Send + Sync + Any + Debug {
-    fn handle_irq(&self) -> Option<()>;
     fn register_callbacks(&self, function: &'static (dyn Fn(InputEvent) + Send + Sync));
 }
 

kernel/comps/network/Cargo.toml

@@ -6,16 +6,17 @@ edition = "2021"
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-component = { path = "../../libs/comp-sys/component" }
+align_ext = { path = "../../../framework/libs/align_ext" }
 aster-frame = { path = "../../../framework/aster-frame" }
 aster-util = { path = "../../libs/aster-util" }
 aster-rights = { path = "../../libs/aster-rights" }
-align_ext = { path = "../../../framework/libs/align_ext" }
-int-to-c-enum = { path = "../../libs/int-to-c-enum" }
-bytes = { version = "1.4.0", default-features = false }
-pod = { git = "https://github.com/asterinas/pod", rev = "d7dba56" }
 bitflags = "1.3"
-spin = "0.9.4"
+bitvec = { version = "1.0.1", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"]}
-ringbuf = { version = "0.3.2", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
+component = { path = "../../libs/comp-sys/component" }
+int-to-c-enum = { path = "../../libs/int-to-c-enum" }
+ktest = { path = "../../../framework/libs/ktest" }
 log = "0.4"
-smoltcp = { version = "0.9.1", default-features = false, features = ["alloc", "log", "medium-ethernet", "medium-ip", "proto-dhcpv4", "proto-ipv4", "proto-igmp", "socket-icmp", "socket-udp", "socket-tcp", "socket-raw", "socket-dhcpv4"] }
+pod = { git = "https://github.com/asterinas/pod", rev = "d7dba56" }
+ringbuf = { version = "0.3.2", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
+smoltcp = { version = "0.9.1", default-features = false, features = ["alloc", "log", "medium-ethernet", "medium-ip", "proto-dhcpv4", "proto-ipv4", "proto-igmp", "socket-icmp", "socket-udp", "socket-tcp", "socket-raw", "socket-dhcpv4"] }
+spin = "0.9.4"

kernel/comps/network/src/buffer.rs

@@ -1,30 +1,89 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
 
-use core::mem::size_of;
+use alloc::{collections::LinkedList, sync::Arc};
 
 use align_ext::AlignExt;
-use bytes::BytesMut;
+use aster_frame::{
+    sync::SpinLock,
+    vm::{Daddr, DmaDirection, DmaStream, HasDaddr, VmAllocOptions, VmReader, VmWriter, PAGE_SIZE},
+};
 use pod::Pod;
+use spin::Once;
+
+use crate::dma_pool::{DmaPool, DmaSegment};
+
+pub struct TxBuffer {
+    dma_stream: DmaStream,
+    nbytes: usize,
+}
+
+impl TxBuffer {
+    pub fn new<H: Pod>(header: &H, packet: &[u8]) -> Self {
+        let header = header.as_bytes();
+        let nbytes = header.len() + packet.len();
+
+        let dma_stream = if let Some(stream) = get_tx_stream_from_pool(nbytes) {
+            stream
+        } else {
+            let segment = {
+                let nframes = (nbytes.align_up(PAGE_SIZE)) / PAGE_SIZE;
+                VmAllocOptions::new(nframes).alloc_contiguous().unwrap()
+            };
+            DmaStream::map(segment, DmaDirection::ToDevice, false).unwrap()
+        };
+
+        let mut writer = dma_stream.writer().unwrap();
+        writer.write(&mut VmReader::from(header));
+        writer.write(&mut VmReader::from(packet));
+
+        let tx_buffer = Self { dma_stream, nbytes };
+        tx_buffer.sync();
+        tx_buffer
+    }
+
+    pub fn writer(&self) -> VmWriter<'_> {
+        self.dma_stream.writer().unwrap().limit(self.nbytes)
+    }
+
+    fn sync(&self) {
+        self.dma_stream.sync(0..self.nbytes).unwrap();
+    }
+
+    pub fn nbytes(&self) -> usize {
+        self.nbytes
+    }
+}
+
+impl HasDaddr for TxBuffer {
+    fn daddr(&self) -> Daddr {
+        self.dma_stream.daddr()
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for TxBuffer {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        TX_BUFFER_POOL
+            .get()
+            .unwrap()
+            .lock_irq_disabled()
+            .push_back(self.dma_stream.clone());
+    }
+}
 
-/// Buffer for receive packet
-#[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct RxBuffer {
-    /// Packet Buffer, length align 8.
+    segment: DmaSegment,
-    buf: BytesMut,
-    /// Header len
     header_len: usize,
-    /// Packet len
     packet_len: usize,
 }
 
 impl RxBuffer {
-    pub fn new(len: usize, header_len: usize) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(header_len: usize) -> Self {
-        let len = len.align_up(8);
+        assert!(header_len <= RX_BUFFER_LEN);
-        let buf = BytesMut::zeroed(len);
+        let segment = RX_BUFFER_POOL.get().unwrap().alloc_segment().unwrap();
         Self {
-            buf,
+            segment,
-            packet_len: 0,
             header_len,
+            packet_len: 0,
         }
     }
 
@@ -33,59 +92,60 @@ impl RxBuffer {
     }
 
     pub fn set_packet_len(&mut self, packet_len: usize) {
+        assert!(self.header_len + packet_len <= RX_BUFFER_LEN);
         self.packet_len = packet_len;
     }
 
-    pub fn buf(&self) -> &[u8] {
+    pub fn packet(&self) -> VmReader<'_> {
-        &self.buf
+        self.segment
+            .sync(self.header_len..self.header_len + self.packet_len)
+            .unwrap();
+        self.segment
+            .reader()
+            .unwrap()
+            .skip(self.header_len)
+            .limit(self.packet_len)
     }
 
-    pub fn buf_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
+    pub const fn buf_len(&self) -> usize {
-        &mut self.buf
+        self.segment.size()
-    }
-
-    /// Packet payload slice, which is inner buffer excluding VirtioNetHdr.
-    pub fn packet(&self) -> &[u8] {
-        debug_assert!(self.header_len + self.packet_len <= self.buf.len());
-        &self.buf[self.header_len..self.header_len + self.packet_len]
-    }
-
-    /// Mutable packet payload slice.
-    pub fn packet_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
-        debug_assert!(self.header_len + self.packet_len <= self.buf.len());
-        &mut self.buf[self.header_len..self.header_len + self.packet_len]
-    }
-
-    pub fn header<H: Pod>(&self) -> H {
-        debug_assert_eq!(size_of::<H>(), self.header_len);
-        H::from_bytes(&self.buf[..size_of::<H>()])
     }
 }
 
-/// Buffer for transmit packet
+impl HasDaddr for RxBuffer {
-#[derive(Debug)]
+    fn daddr(&self) -> Daddr {
-pub struct TxBuffer {
+        self.segment.daddr()
-    buf: BytesMut,
+    }
 }
 
-impl TxBuffer {
+const RX_BUFFER_LEN: usize = 4096;
-    pub fn with_len(buf_len: usize) -> Self {
+static RX_BUFFER_POOL: Once<Arc<DmaPool>> = Once::new();
-        Self {
+static TX_BUFFER_POOL: Once<SpinLock<LinkedList<DmaStream>>> = Once::new();
-            buf: BytesMut::zeroed(buf_len),
+
+fn get_tx_stream_from_pool(nbytes: usize) -> Option<DmaStream> {
+    let mut pool = TX_BUFFER_POOL.get().unwrap().lock_irq_disabled();
+    let mut cursor = pool.cursor_front_mut();
+    while let Some(current) = cursor.current() {
+        if current.nbytes() >= nbytes {
+            return cursor.remove_current();
         }
+        cursor.move_next();
     }
 
-    pub fn new(buf: &[u8]) -> Self {
+    None
-        Self {
+}
-            buf: BytesMut::from(buf),
+
-        }
+pub fn init() {
-    }
+    const POOL_INIT_SIZE: usize = 32;
-
+    const POOL_HIGH_WATERMARK: usize = 64;
-    pub fn buf(&self) -> &[u8] {
+    RX_BUFFER_POOL.call_once(|| {
-        &self.buf
+        DmaPool::new(
-    }
+            RX_BUFFER_LEN,
-
+            POOL_INIT_SIZE,
-    pub fn buf_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
+            POOL_HIGH_WATERMARK,
-        &mut self.buf
+            DmaDirection::FromDevice,
-    }
+            false,
+        )
+    });
+    TX_BUFFER_POOL.call_once(|| SpinLock::new(LinkedList::new()));
 }

kernel/comps/network/src/dma_pool.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+
+#![allow(unused)]
+
+use alloc::{
+    collections::VecDeque,
+    sync::{Arc, Weak},
+};
+use core::ops::Range;
+
+use aster_frame::{
+    sync::{RwLock, SpinLock},
+    vm::{Daddr, DmaDirection, DmaStream, HasDaddr, VmAllocOptions, VmReader, VmWriter, PAGE_SIZE},
+};
+use bitvec::{array::BitArray, prelude::Lsb0};
+use ktest::ktest;
+
+/// `DmaPool` is responsible for allocating small streaming DMA segments
+/// (equal to or smaller than PAGE_SIZE),
+/// referred to as `DmaSegment`.
+///
+/// A `DmaPool` can only allocate `DmaSegment` of a fixed size.
+/// Once a `DmaSegment` is dropped, it will be returned to the pool.
+/// If the `DmaPool` is dropped before the associated `DmaSegment`,
+/// the `drop` method of the `DmaSegment` will panic.
+///
+/// Therefore, as a best practice,
+/// it is recommended for the `DmaPool` to have a static lifetime.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct DmaPool {
+    segment_size: usize,
+    direction: DmaDirection,
+    is_cache_coherent: bool,
+    high_watermark: usize,
+    avail_pages: SpinLock<VecDeque<Arc<DmaPage>>>,
+    all_pages: SpinLock<VecDeque<Arc<DmaPage>>>,
+}
+
+impl DmaPool {
+    /// Constructs a new `DmaPool` with a specified initial capacity and a high watermark.
+    ///
+    /// The `DmaPool` starts with `init_size` DMAable pages.
+    /// As additional DMA blocks are requested beyond the initial capacity,
+    /// the pool dynamically allocates more DMAable pages.
+    /// To optimize performance, the pool employs a lazy deallocation strategy:
+    /// A DMAable page is freed only if it meets the following conditions:
+    /// 1. The page is currently not in use;
+    /// 2. The total number of allocated DMAable pages exceeds the specified `high_watermark`.
+    ///
+    /// The returned pool can be used to allocate small segments for DMA usage.
+    /// All allocated segments will have the same DMA direction
+    /// and will either all be cache coherent or not cache coherent,
+    /// as specified in the parameters.
+    pub fn new(
+        segment_size: usize,
+        init_size: usize,
+        high_watermark: usize,
+        direction: DmaDirection,
+        is_cache_coherent: bool,
+    ) -> Arc<Self> {
+        assert!(segment_size.is_power_of_two());
+        assert!(segment_size >= 64);
+        assert!(segment_size <= PAGE_SIZE);
+        assert!(high_watermark >= init_size);
+
+        Arc::new_cyclic(|pool| {
+            let mut avail_pages = VecDeque::new();
+            let mut all_pages = VecDeque::new();
+
+            for _ in 0..init_size {
+                let page = Arc::new(
+                    DmaPage::new(
+                        segment_size,
+                        direction,
+                        is_cache_coherent,
+                        Weak::clone(pool),
+                    )
+                    .unwrap(),
+                );
+                avail_pages.push_back(page.clone());
+                all_pages.push_back(page);
+            }
+
+            Self {
+                segment_size,
+                direction,
+                is_cache_coherent,
+                high_watermark,
+                avail_pages: SpinLock::new(avail_pages),
+                all_pages: SpinLock::new(all_pages),
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Allocates a `DmaSegment` from the pool
+    pub fn alloc_segment(self: &Arc<Self>) -> Result<DmaSegment, aster_frame::Error> {
+        // Lock order: pool.avail_pages -> pool.all_pages
+        //             pool.avail_pages -> page.allocated_segments
+        let mut avail_pages = self.avail_pages.lock_irq_disabled();
+        if avail_pages.is_empty() {
+            /// Allocate a new page
+            let new_page = {
+                let pool = Arc::downgrade(self);
+                Arc::new(DmaPage::new(
+                    self.segment_size,
+                    self.direction,
+                    self.is_cache_coherent,
+                    pool,
+                )?)
+            };
+            let mut all_pages = self.all_pages.lock_irq_disabled();
+            avail_pages.push_back(new_page.clone());
+            all_pages.push_back(new_page);
+        }
+
+        let first_avail_page = avail_pages.front().unwrap();
+        let free_segment = first_avail_page.alloc_segment().unwrap();
+        if first_avail_page.is_full() {
+            avail_pages.pop_front();
+        }
+        Ok(free_segment)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the number of pages in pool
+    fn num_pages(&self) -> usize {
+        self.all_pages.lock_irq_disabled().len()
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct DmaPage {
+    storage: DmaStream,
+    segment_size: usize,
+    // `BitArray` is 64 bits, since each `DmaSegment` is bigger than 64 bytes,
+    // there's no more than `PAGE_SIZE` / 64 = 64 `DmaSegment`s in a `DmaPage`.
+    allocated_segments: SpinLock<BitArray>,
+    pool: Weak<DmaPool>,
+}
+
+impl DmaPage {
+    fn new(
+        segment_size: usize,
+        direction: DmaDirection,
+        is_cache_coherent: bool,
+        pool: Weak<DmaPool>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, aster_frame::Error> {
+        let dma_stream = {
+            let vm_segment = VmAllocOptions::new(1).alloc_contiguous()?;
+
+            DmaStream::map(vm_segment, direction, is_cache_coherent)
+                .map_err(|_| aster_frame::Error::AccessDenied)?
+        };
+
+        Ok(Self {
+            storage: dma_stream,
+            segment_size,
+            allocated_segments: SpinLock::new(BitArray::ZERO),
+            pool,
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn alloc_segment(self: &Arc<Self>) -> Option<DmaSegment> {
+        let mut segments = self.allocated_segments.lock_irq_disabled();
+        let free_segment_index = get_next_free_index(&segments, self.nr_blocks_per_page())?;
+        segments.set(free_segment_index, true);
+
+        let segment = DmaSegment {
+            size: self.segment_size,
+            dma_stream: self.storage.clone(),
+            start_addr: self.storage.daddr() + free_segment_index * self.segment_size,
+            page: Arc::downgrade(self),
+        };
+
+        Some(segment)
+    }
+
+    fn is_free(&self) -> bool {
+        *self.allocated_segments.lock() == BitArray::<[usize; 1], Lsb0>::ZERO
+    }
+
+    const fn nr_blocks_per_page(&self) -> usize {
+        PAGE_SIZE / self.segment_size
+    }
+
+    fn is_full(&self) -> bool {
+        let segments = self.allocated_segments.lock_irq_disabled();
+        get_next_free_index(&segments, self.nr_blocks_per_page()).is_none()
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_next_free_index(segments: &BitArray, nr_blocks_per_page: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+    let free_segment_index = segments.iter_zeros().next()?;
+
+    if free_segment_index >= nr_blocks_per_page {
+        None
+    } else {
+        Some(free_segment_index)
+    }
+}
+
+impl HasDaddr for DmaPage {
+    fn daddr(&self) -> Daddr {
+        self.storage.daddr()
+    }
+}
+
+/// A small and fixed-size segment of DMA memory.
+///
+/// The size of `DmaSegment` ranges from 64 bytes to `PAGE_SIZE` and must be 2^K.
+/// Each `DmaSegment`'s daddr must be aligned with its size.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub struct DmaSegment {
+    dma_stream: DmaStream,
+    start_addr: Daddr,
+    size: usize,
+    page: Weak<DmaPage>,
+}
+
+impl HasDaddr for DmaSegment {
+    fn daddr(&self) -> Daddr {
+        self.start_addr
+    }
+}
+
+impl DmaSegment {
+    pub const fn size(&self) -> usize {
+        self.size
+    }
+
+    pub fn reader(&self) -> Result<VmReader<'_>, aster_frame::Error> {
+        let offset = self.start_addr - self.dma_stream.daddr();
+        Ok(self.dma_stream.reader()?.skip(offset).limit(self.size))
+    }
+
+    pub fn writer(&self) -> Result<VmWriter<'_>, aster_frame::Error> {
+        let offset = self.start_addr - self.dma_stream.daddr();
+        Ok(self.dma_stream.writer()?.skip(offset).limit(self.size))
+    }
+
+    pub fn sync(&self, byte_range: Range<usize>) -> Result<(), aster_frame::Error> {
+        let offset = self.daddr() - self.dma_stream.daddr();
+        let range = byte_range.start + offset..byte_range.end + offset;
+        self.dma_stream.sync(range)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for DmaSegment {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        let page = self.page.upgrade().unwrap();
+        let pool = page.pool.upgrade().unwrap();
+
+        // Keep the same lock order as `pool.alloc_segment`
+        // Lock order: pool.avail_pages -> pool.all_pages -> page.allocated_segments
+        let mut avail_pages = pool.avail_pages.lock_irq_disabled();
+        let mut all_pages = pool.all_pages.lock_irq_disabled();
+
+        let mut allocated_segments = page.allocated_segments.lock_irq_disabled();
+
+        let nr_blocks_per_page = PAGE_SIZE / self.size;
+        let became_avail = get_next_free_index(&allocated_segments, nr_blocks_per_page).is_none();
+
+        debug_assert!((page.daddr()..page.daddr() + PAGE_SIZE).contains(&self.daddr()));
+        let segment_idx = (self.daddr() - page.daddr()) / self.size;
+        allocated_segments.set(segment_idx, false);
+
+        let became_free = allocated_segments.not_any();
+
+        if became_free && all_pages.len() > pool.high_watermark {
+            avail_pages.retain(|page_| !Arc::ptr_eq(page_, &page));
+            all_pages.retain(|page_| !Arc::ptr_eq(page_, &page));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if became_avail {
+            avail_pages.push_back(page.clone());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(ktest)]
+mod test {
+    use alloc::vec::Vec;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[ktest]
+    fn alloc_page_size_segment() {
+        let pool = DmaPool::new(PAGE_SIZE, 0, 100, DmaDirection::ToDevice, false);
+        let segments1: Vec<_> = (0..100)
+            .map(|_| {
+                let segment = pool.alloc_segment().unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(segment.size(), PAGE_SIZE);
+                assert!(segment.reader().is_err());
+                assert!(segment.writer().is_ok());
+                segment
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        assert_eq!(pool.num_pages(), 100);
+        drop(segments1);
+    }
+
+    #[ktest]
+    fn write_to_dma_segment() {
+        let pool: Arc<DmaPool> = DmaPool::new(PAGE_SIZE, 1, 2, DmaDirection::ToDevice, false);
+        let segment = pool.alloc_segment().unwrap();
+        let mut writer = segment.writer().unwrap();
+        let data = &[0u8, 1, 2, 3, 4] as &[u8];
+        let size = writer.write(&mut VmReader::from(data));
+        assert_eq!(size, data.len());
+    }
+
+    #[ktest]
+    fn free_pool_pages() {
+        let pool: Arc<DmaPool> = DmaPool::new(PAGE_SIZE, 10, 50, DmaDirection::ToDevice, false);
+        let segments1: Vec<_> = (0..100)
+            .map(|_| {
+                let segment = pool.alloc_segment().unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(segment.size(), PAGE_SIZE);
+                assert!(segment.reader().is_err());
+                assert!(segment.writer().is_ok());
+                segment
+            })
+            .collect();
+        assert_eq!(pool.num_pages(), 100);
+        drop(segments1);
+        assert_eq!(pool.num_pages(), 50);
+    }
+
+    #[ktest]
+    fn alloc_small_size_segment() {
+        const SEGMENT_SIZE: usize = PAGE_SIZE / 4;
+        let pool: Arc<DmaPool> =
+            DmaPool::new(SEGMENT_SIZE, 0, 10, DmaDirection::Bidirectional, false);
+        let segments1: Vec<_> = (0..100)
+            .map(|_| {
+                let segment = pool.alloc_segment().unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(segment.size(), PAGE_SIZE / 4);
+                assert!(segment.reader().is_ok());
+                assert!(segment.writer().is_ok());
+                segment
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        assert_eq!(pool.num_pages(), 100 / 4);
+        drop(segments1);
+        assert_eq!(pool.num_pages(), 10);
+    }
+
+    #[ktest]
+    fn read_dma_segments() {
+        const SEGMENT_SIZE: usize = PAGE_SIZE / 4;
+        let pool: Arc<DmaPool> =
+            DmaPool::new(SEGMENT_SIZE, 1, 2, DmaDirection::Bidirectional, false);
+        let segment = pool.alloc_segment().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(pool.num_pages(), 1);
+        let mut writer = segment.writer().unwrap();
+        let data = &[0u8, 1, 2, 3, 4] as &[u8];
+        let size = writer.write(&mut VmReader::from(data));
+        assert_eq!(size, data.len());
+
+        let mut read_buf = [0u8; 5];
+        let mut reader = segment.reader().unwrap();
+        reader.read(&mut VmWriter::from(&mut read_buf as &mut [u8]));
+        assert_eq!(&read_buf, data);
+    }
+}

kernel/comps/network/src/driver.rs

@@ -2,12 +2,10 @@
 
 use alloc::vec;
 
+use aster_frame::vm::VmWriter;
 use smoltcp::{phy, time::Instant};
 
-use crate::{
+use crate::{buffer::RxBuffer, AnyNetworkDevice};
-    buffer::{RxBuffer, TxBuffer},
-    AnyNetworkDevice,
-};
 
 impl phy::Device for dyn AnyNetworkDevice {
     type RxToken<'a> = RxToken;
@@ -37,12 +35,14 @@ impl phy::Device for dyn AnyNetworkDevice {
 pub struct RxToken(RxBuffer);
 
 impl phy::RxToken for RxToken {
-    fn consume<R, F>(mut self, f: F) -> R
+    fn consume<R, F>(self, f: F) -> R
     where
         F: FnOnce(&mut [u8]) -> R,
     {
-        let packet_but = self.0.packet_mut();
+        let mut packet = self.0.packet();
-        f(packet_but)
+        let mut buffer = vec![0u8; packet.remain()];
+        packet.read(&mut VmWriter::from(&mut buffer as &mut [u8]));
+        f(&mut buffer)
     }
 }
 
@@ -55,8 +55,7 @@ impl<'a> phy::TxToken for TxToken<'a> {
     {
         let mut buffer = vec![0u8; len];
         let res = f(&mut buffer);
-        let tx_buffer = TxBuffer::new(&buffer);
+        self.0.send(&buffer).expect("Send packet failed");
-        self.0.send(tx_buffer).expect("Send packet failed");
         res
     }
 }

kernel/comps/network/src/lib.rs

@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@
 #![forbid(unsafe_code)]
 #![feature(trait_alias)]
 #![feature(fn_traits)]
+#![feature(linked_list_cursors)]
 
-pub mod buffer;
+mod buffer;
-pub mod driver;
+mod dma_pool;
+mod driver;
 
 extern crate alloc;
 
@@ -15,8 +17,9 @@ use core::{any::Any, fmt::Debug};
 
 use aster_frame::sync::SpinLock;
 use aster_util::safe_ptr::Pod;
-use buffer::{RxBuffer, TxBuffer};
+pub use buffer::{RxBuffer, TxBuffer};
 use component::{init_component, ComponentInitError};
+pub use dma_pool::DmaSegment;
 use smoltcp::phy;
 use spin::Once;
 
@@ -45,7 +48,7 @@ pub trait AnyNetworkDevice: Send + Sync + Any + Debug {
     /// Otherwise, return NotReady error.
     fn receive(&mut self) -> Result<RxBuffer, VirtioNetError>;
     /// Send a packet to network. Return until the request completes.
-    fn send(&mut self, tx_buffer: TxBuffer) -> Result<(), VirtioNetError>;
+    fn send(&mut self, packet: &[u8]) -> Result<(), VirtioNetError>;
 }
 
 pub trait NetDeviceIrqHandler = Fn() + Send + Sync + 'static;
@@ -55,38 +58,57 @@ pub fn register_device(name: String, device: Arc<SpinLock<dyn AnyNetworkDevice>>
         .get()
         .unwrap()
         .network_device_table
-        .lock()
+        .lock_irq_disabled()
         .insert(name, (Arc::new(SpinLock::new(Vec::new())), device));
 }
 
 pub fn get_device(str: &str) -> Option<Arc<SpinLock<dyn AnyNetworkDevice>>> {
-    let lock = COMPONENT.get().unwrap().network_device_table.lock();
+    let table = COMPONENT
-    let (_, device) = lock.get(str)?;
+        .get()
+        .unwrap()
+        .network_device_table
+        .lock_irq_disabled();
+    let (_, device) = table.get(str)?;
     Some(device.clone())
 }
 
+/// Registers callback which will be called when receiving message.
+///
+/// Since the callback will be called in interrupt context,
+/// the callback function should NOT sleep.
 pub fn register_recv_callback(name: &str, callback: impl NetDeviceIrqHandler) {
-    let lock = COMPONENT.get().unwrap().network_device_table.lock();
+    let device_table = COMPONENT
-    let Some((callbacks, _)) = lock.get(name) else {
+        .get()
+        .unwrap()
+        .network_device_table
+        .lock_irq_disabled();
+    let Some((callbacks, _)) = device_table.get(name) else {
         return;
     };
-    callbacks.lock().push(Arc::new(callback));
+    callbacks.lock_irq_disabled().push(Arc::new(callback));
 }
 
 pub fn handle_recv_irq(name: &str) {
-    let lock = COMPONENT.get().unwrap().network_device_table.lock();
+    let device_table = COMPONENT
-    let Some((callbacks, _)) = lock.get(name) else {
+        .get()
+        .unwrap()
+        .network_device_table
+        .lock_irq_disabled();
+    let Some((callbacks, _)) = device_table.get(name) else {
         return;
     };
-    let callbacks = callbacks.clone();
+    let callbacks = callbacks.lock_irq_disabled();
-    let lock = callbacks.lock();
+    for callback in callbacks.iter() {
-    for callback in lock.iter() {
+        callback();
-        callback.call(())
     }
 }
 
 pub fn all_devices() -> Vec<(String, NetworkDeviceRef)> {
-    let network_devs = COMPONENT.get().unwrap().network_device_table.lock();
+    let network_devs = COMPONENT
+        .get()
+        .unwrap()
+        .network_device_table
+        .lock_irq_disabled();
     network_devs
         .iter()
         .map(|(name, (_, device))| (name.clone(), device.clone()))
@@ -102,6 +124,7 @@ fn init() -> Result<(), ComponentInitError> {
     let a = Component::init()?;
     COMPONENT.call_once(|| a);
     NETWORK_IRQ_HANDLERS.call_once(|| SpinLock::new(Vec::new()));
+    buffer::init();
     Ok(())
 }
 

kernel/comps/virtio/Cargo.toml

@@ -37,4 +37,3 @@ smoltcp = { version = "0.9.1", default-features = false, features = [
     "socket-raw",
     "socket-dhcpv4",
 ] }
-[features]

kernel/comps/virtio/src/device/block/device.rs

@@ -99,18 +99,12 @@ impl DeviceInner {
         let queue = VirtQueue::new(0, Self::QUEUE_SIZE, transport.as_mut())
             .expect("create virtqueue failed");
         let block_requests = {
-            let vm_segment = VmAllocOptions::new(1)
+            let vm_segment = VmAllocOptions::new(1).alloc_contiguous().unwrap();
-                .is_contiguous(true)
-                .alloc_contiguous()
-                .unwrap();
             DmaStream::map(vm_segment, DmaDirection::Bidirectional, false).unwrap()
         };
         assert!(Self::QUEUE_SIZE as usize * REQ_SIZE <= block_requests.nbytes());
         let block_responses = {
-            let vm_segment = VmAllocOptions::new(1)
+            let vm_segment = VmAllocOptions::new(1).alloc_contiguous().unwrap();
-                .is_contiguous(true)
-                .alloc_contiguous()
-                .unwrap();
             DmaStream::map(vm_segment, DmaDirection::Bidirectional, false).unwrap()
         };
         assert!(Self::QUEUE_SIZE as usize * RESP_SIZE <= block_responses.nbytes());
@@ -222,7 +216,6 @@ impl DeviceInner {
         const MAX_ID_LENGTH: usize = 20;
         let device_id_stream = {
             let segment = VmAllocOptions::new(1)
-                .is_contiguous(true)
                 .uninit(true)
                 .alloc_contiguous()
                 .unwrap();

kernel/comps/virtio/src/device/console/device.rs

@@ -4,7 +4,12 @@ use alloc::{boxed::Box, fmt::Debug, string::ToString, sync::Arc, vec::Vec};
 use core::hint::spin_loop;
 
 use aster_console::{AnyConsoleDevice, ConsoleCallback};
-use aster_frame::{io_mem::IoMem, sync::SpinLock, trap::TrapFrame, vm::PAGE_SIZE};
+use aster_frame::{
+    io_mem::IoMem,
+    sync::SpinLock,
+    trap::TrapFrame,
+    vm::{DmaDirection, DmaStream, DmaStreamSlice, VmAllocOptions, VmReader},
+};
 use aster_util::safe_ptr::SafePtr;
 use log::debug;
 
@@ -17,62 +22,39 @@ use crate::{
 
 pub struct ConsoleDevice {
     config: SafePtr<VirtioConsoleConfig, IoMem>,
-    transport: Box<dyn VirtioTransport>,
+    transport: SpinLock<Box<dyn VirtioTransport>>,
     receive_queue: SpinLock<VirtQueue>,
     transmit_queue: SpinLock<VirtQueue>,
-    buffer: SpinLock<Box<[u8; PAGE_SIZE]>>,
+    send_buffer: DmaStream,
+    receive_buffer: DmaStream,
     callbacks: SpinLock<Vec<&'static ConsoleCallback>>,
 }
 
 impl AnyConsoleDevice for ConsoleDevice {
     fn send(&self, value: &[u8]) {
         let mut transmit_queue = self.transmit_queue.lock_irq_disabled();
-        transmit_queue.add_buf(&[value], &[]).unwrap();
+        let mut reader = VmReader::from(value);
-        if transmit_queue.should_notify() {
+
-            transmit_queue.notify();
+        while reader.remain() > 0 {
+            let mut writer = self.send_buffer.writer().unwrap();
+            let len = writer.write(&mut reader);
+            self.send_buffer.sync(0..len).unwrap();
+
+            let slice = DmaStreamSlice::new(&self.send_buffer, 0, len);
+            transmit_queue.add_dma_buf(&[&slice], &[]).unwrap();
+
+            if transmit_queue.should_notify() {
+                transmit_queue.notify();
+            }
+            while !transmit_queue.can_pop() {
+                spin_loop();
+            }
+            transmit_queue.pop_used().unwrap();
         }
-        while !transmit_queue.can_pop() {
-            spin_loop();
-        }
-        transmit_queue.pop_used().unwrap();
     }
 
-    fn recv(&self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Option<usize> {
+    fn register_callback(&self, callback: &'static ConsoleCallback) {
-        let mut receive_queue = self.receive_queue.lock_irq_disabled();
+        self.callbacks.lock_irq_disabled().push(callback);
-        if !receive_queue.can_pop() {
-            return None;
-        }
-        let (_, len) = receive_queue.pop_used().unwrap();
-
-        let mut recv_buffer = self.buffer.lock();
-        buf.copy_from_slice(&recv_buffer.as_ref()[..len as usize]);
-        receive_queue.add_buf(&[], &[recv_buffer.as_mut()]).unwrap();
-        if receive_queue.should_notify() {
-            receive_queue.notify();
-        }
-        Some(len as usize)
-    }
-
-    fn register_callback(&self, callback: &'static (dyn Fn(&[u8]) + Send + Sync)) {
-        self.callbacks.lock().push(callback);
-    }
-
-    fn handle_irq(&self) {
-        let mut receive_queue = self.receive_queue.lock_irq_disabled();
-        if !receive_queue.can_pop() {
-            return;
-        }
-        let (_, len) = receive_queue.pop_used().unwrap();
-        let mut recv_buffer = self.buffer.lock();
-        let buffer = &recv_buffer.as_ref()[..len as usize];
-        let lock = self.callbacks.lock();
-        for callback in lock.iter() {
-            callback.call((buffer,));
-        }
-        receive_queue.add_buf(&[], &[recv_buffer.as_mut()]).unwrap();
-        if receive_queue.should_notify() {
-            receive_queue.notify();
-        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -104,41 +86,76 @@ impl ConsoleDevice {
         let transmit_queue =
             SpinLock::new(VirtQueue::new(TRANSMIT0_QUEUE_INDEX, 2, transport.as_mut()).unwrap());
 
-        let mut device = Self {
+        let send_buffer = {
-            config,
+            let vm_segment = VmAllocOptions::new(1).alloc_contiguous().unwrap();
-            transport,
+            DmaStream::map(vm_segment, DmaDirection::ToDevice, false).unwrap()
-            receive_queue,
-            transmit_queue,
-            buffer: SpinLock::new(Box::new([0; PAGE_SIZE])),
-            callbacks: SpinLock::new(Vec::new()),
         };
 
-        let mut receive_queue = device.receive_queue.lock();
+        let receive_buffer = {
+            let vm_segment = VmAllocOptions::new(1).alloc_contiguous().unwrap();
+            DmaStream::map(vm_segment, DmaDirection::FromDevice, false).unwrap()
+        };
+
+        let device = Arc::new(Self {
+            config,
+            transport: SpinLock::new(transport),
+            receive_queue,
+            transmit_queue,
+            send_buffer,
+            receive_buffer,
+            callbacks: SpinLock::new(Vec::new()),
+        });
+
+        let mut receive_queue = device.receive_queue.lock_irq_disabled();
         receive_queue
-            .add_buf(&[], &[device.buffer.lock().as_mut()])
+            .add_dma_buf(&[], &[&device.receive_buffer])
             .unwrap();
         if receive_queue.should_notify() {
             receive_queue.notify();
         }
         drop(receive_queue);
-        device
+
-            .transport
+        // Register irq callbacks
+        let mut transport = device.transport.lock_irq_disabled();
+        let handle_console_input = {
+            let device = device.clone();
+            move |_: &TrapFrame| device.handle_recv_irq()
+        };
+        transport
             .register_queue_callback(RECV0_QUEUE_INDEX, Box::new(handle_console_input), false)
             .unwrap();
-        device
+        transport
-            .transport
             .register_cfg_callback(Box::new(config_space_change))
             .unwrap();
-        device.transport.finish_init();
+        transport.finish_init();
+        drop(transport);
 
-        aster_console::register_device(DEVICE_NAME.to_string(), Arc::new(device));
+        aster_console::register_device(DEVICE_NAME.to_string(), device);
 
         Ok(())
     }
-}
 
-fn handle_console_input(_: &TrapFrame) {
+    fn handle_recv_irq(&self) {
-    aster_console::get_device(DEVICE_NAME).unwrap().handle_irq();
+        let mut receive_queue = self.receive_queue.lock_irq_disabled();
+        if !receive_queue.can_pop() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let (_, len) = receive_queue.pop_used().unwrap();
+        self.receive_buffer.sync(0..len as usize).unwrap();
+
+        let callbacks = self.callbacks.lock_irq_disabled();
+
+        for callback in callbacks.iter() {
+            let reader = self.receive_buffer.reader().unwrap().limit(len as usize);
+            callback(reader);
+        }
+        receive_queue
+            .add_dma_buf(&[], &[&self.receive_buffer])
+            .unwrap();
+        if receive_queue.should_notify() {
+            receive_queue.notify();
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 fn config_space_change(_: &TrapFrame) {

kernel/comps/virtio/src/device/input/device.rs

@@ -6,9 +6,15 @@ use alloc::{
     sync::Arc,
     vec::Vec,
 };
-use core::fmt::Debug;
+use core::{fmt::Debug, mem};
 
-use aster_frame::{io_mem::IoMem, offset_of, sync::SpinLock, trap::TrapFrame};
+use aster_frame::{
+    io_mem::IoMem,
+    offset_of,
+    sync::SpinLock,
+    trap::TrapFrame,
+    vm::{Daddr, DmaDirection, DmaStream, HasDaddr, VmAllocOptions, VmIo, VmReader, PAGE_SIZE},
+};
 use aster_input::{
     key::{Key, KeyStatus},
     InputEvent,
@@ -16,10 +22,11 @@ use aster_input::{
 use aster_util::{field_ptr, safe_ptr::SafePtr};
 use bitflags::bitflags;
 use log::{debug, info};
-use pod::Pod;
 
 use super::{InputConfigSelect, VirtioInputConfig, VirtioInputEvent, QUEUE_EVENT, QUEUE_STATUS};
-use crate::{device::VirtioDeviceError, queue::VirtQueue, transport::VirtioTransport};
+use crate::{
+    device::VirtioDeviceError, dma_buf::DmaBuf, queue::VirtQueue, transport::VirtioTransport,
+};
 
 bitflags! {
     /// The properties of input device.
@@ -67,25 +74,25 @@ pub struct InputDevice {
     config: SafePtr<VirtioInputConfig, IoMem>,
     event_queue: SpinLock<VirtQueue>,
     status_queue: VirtQueue,
-    event_buf: SpinLock<Box<[VirtioInputEvent; QUEUE_SIZE as usize]>>,
+    event_table: EventTable,
     #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
     callbacks: SpinLock<Vec<Arc<dyn Fn(InputEvent) + Send + Sync + 'static>>>,
-    transport: Box<dyn VirtioTransport>,
+    transport: SpinLock<Box<dyn VirtioTransport>>,
 }
 
 impl InputDevice {
     /// Create a new VirtIO-Input driver.
     /// msix_vector_left should at least have one element or n elements where n is the virtqueue amount
     pub fn init(mut transport: Box<dyn VirtioTransport>) -> Result<(), VirtioDeviceError> {
-        let mut event_buf = Box::new([VirtioInputEvent::default(); QUEUE_SIZE as usize]);
         let mut event_queue = VirtQueue::new(QUEUE_EVENT, QUEUE_SIZE, transport.as_mut())
             .expect("create event virtqueue failed");
         let status_queue = VirtQueue::new(QUEUE_STATUS, QUEUE_SIZE, transport.as_mut())
             .expect("create status virtqueue failed");
 
-        for (i, event) in event_buf.as_mut().iter_mut().enumerate() {
+        let event_table = EventTable::new(QUEUE_SIZE as usize);
-            // FIEME: replace slice with a more secure data structure to use dma mapping.
+        for i in 0..event_table.num_events() {
-            let token = event_queue.add_buf(&[], &[event.as_bytes_mut()]);
+            let event_buf = event_table.get(i);
+            let token = event_queue.add_dma_buf(&[], &[&event_buf]);
             match token {
                 Ok(value) => {
                     assert_eq!(value, i as u16);
@@ -96,14 +103,14 @@ impl InputDevice {
             }
         }
 
-        let mut device = Self {
+        let device = Arc::new(Self {
             config: VirtioInputConfig::new(transport.as_mut()),
             event_queue: SpinLock::new(event_queue),
             status_queue,
-            event_buf: SpinLock::new(event_buf),
+            event_table,
-            transport,
+            transport: SpinLock::new(transport),
             callbacks: SpinLock::new(Vec::new()),
-        };
+        });
 
         let mut raw_name: [u8; 128] = [0; 128];
         device.query_config_select(InputConfigSelect::IdName, 0, &mut raw_name);
@@ -115,51 +122,49 @@ impl InputDevice {
         let input_prop = InputProp::from_bits(prop[0]).unwrap();
         debug!("input device prop:{:?}", input_prop);
 
-        fn handle_input(_: &TrapFrame) {
+        let mut transport = device.transport.lock_irq_disabled();
-            debug!("Handle Virtio input interrupt");
-            let device = aster_input::get_device(super::DEVICE_NAME).unwrap();
-            device.handle_irq().unwrap();
-        }
-
         fn config_space_change(_: &TrapFrame) {
             debug!("input device config space change");
         }
-
+        transport
-        device
-            .transport
             .register_cfg_callback(Box::new(config_space_change))
             .unwrap();
-        device
+
-            .transport
+        let handle_input = {
+            let device = device.clone();
+            move |_: &TrapFrame| device.handle_irq()
+        };
+        transport
             .register_queue_callback(QUEUE_EVENT, Box::new(handle_input), false)
             .unwrap();
 
-        device.transport.finish_init();
+        transport.finish_init();
+        drop(transport);
 
-        aster_input::register_device(super::DEVICE_NAME.to_string(), Arc::new(device));
+        aster_input::register_device(super::DEVICE_NAME.to_string(), device);
 
         Ok(())
     }
 
     /// Pop the pending event.
-    pub fn pop_pending_event(&self) -> Option<VirtioInputEvent> {
+    fn pop_pending_events(&self, handle_event: &impl Fn(&EventBuf) -> bool) {
-        let mut lock = self.event_queue.lock();
+        let mut event_queue = self.event_queue.lock_irq_disabled();
-        if let Ok((token, _)) = lock.pop_used() {
+
-            if token >= QUEUE_SIZE {
+        // one interrupt may contain several input events, so it should loop
-                return None;
+        while let Ok((token, _)) = event_queue.pop_used() {
-            }
+            debug_assert!(token < QUEUE_SIZE);
-            let event = &mut self.event_buf.lock()[token as usize];
+            let event_buf = self.event_table.get(token as usize);
-            // requeue
+            let res = handle_event(&event_buf);
-            // FIEME: replace slice with a more secure data structure to use dma mapping.
+            let new_token = event_queue.add_dma_buf(&[], &[&event_buf]).unwrap();
-            if let Ok(new_token) = lock.add_buf(&[], &[event.as_bytes_mut()]) {
+            // This only works because nothing happen between `pop_used` and `add` that affects
-                // This only works because nothing happen between `pop_used` and `add` that affects
+            // the list of free descriptors in the queue, so `add` reuses the descriptor which
-                // the list of free descriptors in the queue, so `add` reuses the descriptor which
+            // was just freed by `pop_used`.
-                // was just freed by `pop_used`.
+            assert_eq!(new_token, token);
-                assert_eq!(new_token, token);
+
-                return Some(*event);
+            if !res {
+                break;
             }
         }
-        None
     }
 
     /// Query a specific piece of information by `select` and `subsel`, and write
@@ -181,6 +186,42 @@ impl InputDevice {
         size
     }
 
+    fn handle_irq(&self) {
+        // Returns ture if there may be more events to handle
+        let handle_event = |event: &EventBuf| -> bool {
+            let event: VirtioInputEvent = {
+                let mut reader = event.reader();
+                reader.read_val()
+            };
+
+            match event.event_type {
+                0 => return false,
+                // Keyboard
+                1 => {}
+                // TODO: Support mouse device.
+                _ => return true,
+            }
+
+            let status = match event.value {
+                1 => KeyStatus::Pressed,
+                0 => KeyStatus::Released,
+                _ => return false,
+            };
+
+            let event = InputEvent::KeyBoard(Key::try_from(event.code).unwrap(), status);
+            info!("Input Event:{:?}", event);
+
+            let callbacks = self.callbacks.lock();
+            for callback in callbacks.iter() {
+                callback(event);
+            }
+
+            true
+        };
+
+        self.pop_pending_events(&handle_event);
+    }
+
     /// Negotiate features for the device specified bits 0~23
     pub(crate) fn negotiate_features(features: u64) -> u64 {
         assert_eq!(features, 0);
@@ -188,37 +229,85 @@ impl InputDevice {
     }
 }
 
-impl aster_input::InputDevice for InputDevice {
+/// A event table consists of many event buffers,
-    fn handle_irq(&self) -> Option<()> {
+/// each of which is large enough to contain a `VirtioInputEvent`.
-        // one interrupt may contains serval input, so it should loop
+#[derive(Debug)]
-        loop {
+struct EventTable {
-            let Some(event) = self.pop_pending_event() else {
+    stream: DmaStream,
-                return Some(());
+    num_events: usize,
-            };
+}
-            match event.event_type {
-                0 => return Some(()),
-                // Keyboard
-                1 => {}
-                // TODO: Support mouse device.
-                _ => continue,
-            }
-            let status = match event.value {
-                1 => KeyStatus::Pressed,
-                0 => KeyStatus::Released,
-                _ => return Some(()),
-            };
-            let event = InputEvent::KeyBoard(Key::try_from(event.code).unwrap(), status);
-            info!("Input Event:{:?}", event);
 
-            let callbacks = self.callbacks.lock();
+impl EventTable {
-            for callback in callbacks.iter() {
+    fn new(num_events: usize) -> Self {
-                callback.call((event,));
+        assert!(num_events * mem::size_of::<VirtioInputEvent>() <= PAGE_SIZE);
-            }
+
+        let vm_segment = VmAllocOptions::new(1).alloc_contiguous().unwrap();
+
+        let default_event = VirtioInputEvent::default();
+        for idx in 0..num_events {
+            let offset = idx * EVENT_SIZE;
+            vm_segment.write_val(offset, &default_event).unwrap();
+        }
+
+        let stream = DmaStream::map(vm_segment, DmaDirection::FromDevice, false).unwrap();
+        Self { stream, num_events }
+    }
+
+    fn get(&self, idx: usize) -> EventBuf<'_> {
+        assert!(idx < self.num_events);
+
+        let offset = idx * EVENT_SIZE;
+        EventBuf {
+            event_table: self,
+            offset,
+            size: EVENT_SIZE,
         }
     }
 
+    const fn num_events(&self) -> usize {
+        self.num_events
+    }
+}
+
+const EVENT_SIZE: usize = core::mem::size_of::<VirtioInputEvent>();
+
+/// A buffer stores exact one `VirtioInputEvent`
+struct EventBuf<'a> {
+    event_table: &'a EventTable,
+    offset: usize,
+    size: usize,
+}
+
+impl<'a> HasDaddr for EventBuf<'a> {
+    fn daddr(&self) -> Daddr {
+        self.event_table.stream.daddr() + self.offset
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> DmaBuf for EventBuf<'a> {
+    fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.size
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> EventBuf<'a> {
+    fn reader(&self) -> VmReader<'a> {
+        self.event_table
+            .stream
+            .sync(self.offset..self.offset + self.size)
+            .unwrap();
+        self.event_table
+            .stream
+            .reader()
+            .unwrap()
+            .skip(self.offset)
+            .limit(self.size)
+    }
+}
+
+impl aster_input::InputDevice for InputDevice {
     fn register_callbacks(&self, function: &'static (dyn Fn(InputEvent) + Send + Sync)) {
-        self.callbacks.lock().push(Arc::new(function))
+        self.callbacks.lock_irq_disabled().push(Arc::new(function))
     }
 }
 
@@ -228,7 +317,7 @@ impl Debug for InputDevice {
             .field("config", &self.config)
             .field("event_queue", &self.event_queue)
             .field("status_queue", &self.status_queue)
-            .field("event_buf", &self.event_buf)
+            .field("event_buf", &self.event_table)
             .field("transport", &self.transport)
             .finish()
     }

kernel/comps/virtio/src/device/network/device.rs

@@ -5,12 +5,10 @@ use core::{fmt::Debug, hint::spin_loop, mem::size_of};
 
 use aster_frame::{offset_of, sync::SpinLock, trap::TrapFrame};
 use aster_network::{
-    buffer::{RxBuffer, TxBuffer},
+    AnyNetworkDevice, EthernetAddr, NetDeviceIrqHandler, RxBuffer, TxBuffer, VirtioNetError,
-    AnyNetworkDevice, EthernetAddr, NetDeviceIrqHandler, VirtioNetError,
 };
 use aster_util::{field_ptr, slot_vec::SlotVec};
 use log::debug;
-use pod::Pod;
 use smoltcp::phy::{DeviceCapabilities, Medium};
 
 use super::{config::VirtioNetConfig, header::VirtioNetHdr};
@@ -60,9 +58,9 @@ impl NetworkDevice {
 
         let mut rx_buffers = SlotVec::new();
         for i in 0..QUEUE_SIZE {
-            let mut rx_buffer = RxBuffer::new(RX_BUFFER_LEN, size_of::<VirtioNetHdr>());
+            let rx_buffer = RxBuffer::new(size_of::<VirtioNetHdr>());
             // FIEME: Replace rx_buffer with VM segment-based data structure to use dma mapping.
-            let token = recv_queue.add_buf(&[], &[rx_buffer.buf_mut()])?;
+            let token = recv_queue.add_dma_buf(&[], &[&rx_buffer])?;
             assert_eq!(i, token);
             assert_eq!(rx_buffers.put(rx_buffer) as u16, i);
         }
@@ -80,7 +78,7 @@ impl NetworkDevice {
             transport,
             callbacks: Vec::new(),
         };
-        device.transport.finish_init();
+
         /// Interrupt handler if network device config space changes
         fn config_space_change(_: &TrapFrame) {
             debug!("network device config space change");
@@ -99,6 +97,7 @@ impl NetworkDevice {
             .transport
             .register_queue_callback(QUEUE_RECV, Box::new(handle_network_event), false)
             .unwrap();
+        device.transport.finish_init();
 
         aster_network::register_device(
             super::DEVICE_NAME.to_string(),
@@ -109,10 +108,10 @@ impl NetworkDevice {
 
     /// Add a rx buffer to recv queue
     /// FIEME: Replace rx_buffer with VM segment-based data structure to use dma mapping.
-    fn add_rx_buffer(&mut self, mut rx_buffer: RxBuffer) -> Result<(), VirtioNetError> {
+    fn add_rx_buffer(&mut self, rx_buffer: RxBuffer) -> Result<(), VirtioNetError> {
         let token = self
             .recv_queue
-            .add_buf(&[], &[rx_buffer.buf_mut()])
+            .add_dma_buf(&[], &[&rx_buffer])
             .map_err(queue_to_network_error)?;
         assert!(self.rx_buffers.put_at(token as usize, rx_buffer).is_none());
         if self.recv_queue.should_notify() {
@@ -133,18 +132,20 @@ impl NetworkDevice {
         rx_buffer.set_packet_len(len as usize);
         // FIXME: Ideally, we can reuse the returned buffer without creating new buffer.
         // But this requires locking device to be compatible with smoltcp interface.
-        let new_rx_buffer = RxBuffer::new(RX_BUFFER_LEN, size_of::<VirtioNetHdr>());
+        let new_rx_buffer = RxBuffer::new(size_of::<VirtioNetHdr>());
         self.add_rx_buffer(new_rx_buffer)?;
         Ok(rx_buffer)
     }
 
     /// Send a packet to network. Return until the request completes.
     /// FIEME: Replace tx_buffer with VM segment-based data structure to use dma mapping.
-    fn send(&mut self, tx_buffer: TxBuffer) -> Result<(), VirtioNetError> {
+    fn send(&mut self, packet: &[u8]) -> Result<(), VirtioNetError> {
         let header = VirtioNetHdr::default();
+        let tx_buffer = TxBuffer::new(&header, packet);
+
         let token = self
             .send_queue
-            .add_buf(&[header.as_bytes(), tx_buffer.buf()], &[])
+            .add_dma_buf(&[&tx_buffer], &[])
             .map_err(queue_to_network_error)?;
 
         if self.send_queue.should_notify() {
@@ -198,8 +199,8 @@ impl AnyNetworkDevice for NetworkDevice {
         self.receive()
     }
 
-    fn send(&mut self, tx_buffer: TxBuffer) -> Result<(), VirtioNetError> {
+    fn send(&mut self, packet: &[u8]) -> Result<(), VirtioNetError> {
-        self.send(tx_buffer)
+        self.send(packet)
     }
 }
 

kernel/comps/virtio/src/dma_buf.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
 
 use aster_frame::vm::{DmaCoherent, DmaStream, DmaStreamSlice, HasDaddr};
+use aster_network::{DmaSegment, RxBuffer, TxBuffer};
 
 /// A DMA-capable buffer.
 ///
@@ -29,3 +30,21 @@ impl DmaBuf for DmaCoherent {
         self.nbytes()
     }
 }
+
+impl DmaBuf for DmaSegment {
+    fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.size()
+    }
+}
+
+impl DmaBuf for TxBuffer {
+    fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.nbytes()
+    }
+}
+
+impl DmaBuf for RxBuffer {
+    fn len(&self) -> usize {
+        self.buf_len()
+    }
+}

kernel/comps/virtio/src/queue.rs

@@ -82,10 +82,7 @@ impl VirtQueue {
             let desc_size = size_of::<Descriptor>() * size as usize;
 
             let (seg1, seg2) = {
-                let continue_segment = VmAllocOptions::new(2)
+                let continue_segment = VmAllocOptions::new(2).alloc_contiguous().unwrap();
-                    .is_contiguous(true)
-                    .alloc_contiguous()
-                    .unwrap();
                 let seg1 = continue_segment.range(0..1);
                 let seg2 = continue_segment.range(1..2);
                 (seg1, seg2)
@@ -104,36 +101,18 @@ impl VirtQueue {
             }
             (
                 SafePtr::new(
-                    DmaCoherent::map(
+                    DmaCoherent::map(VmAllocOptions::new(1).alloc_contiguous().unwrap(), true)
-                        VmAllocOptions::new(1)
+                        .unwrap(),
-                            .is_contiguous(true)
-                            .alloc_contiguous()
-                            .unwrap(),
-                        true,
-                    )
-                    .unwrap(),
                     0,
                 ),
                 SafePtr::new(
-                    DmaCoherent::map(
+                    DmaCoherent::map(VmAllocOptions::new(1).alloc_contiguous().unwrap(), true)
-                        VmAllocOptions::new(1)
+                        .unwrap(),
-                            .is_contiguous(true)
-                            .alloc_contiguous()
-                            .unwrap(),
-                        true,
-                    )
-                    .unwrap(),
                     0,
                 ),
                 SafePtr::new(
-                    DmaCoherent::map(
+                    DmaCoherent::map(VmAllocOptions::new(1).alloc_contiguous().unwrap(), true)
-                        VmAllocOptions::new(1)
+                        .unwrap(),
-                            .is_contiguous(true)
-                            .alloc_contiguous()
-                            .unwrap(),
-                        true,
-                    )
-                    .unwrap(),
                     0,
                 ),
             )