Remove travis.yaml and update build status badge

Signed-off-by: Akos Veres <veres@akos.me>

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+vendor/** linguist-generated=true
+Gopkg.lock linguist-generated=true

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+@alexellis

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<!--- Provide a general summary of the issue in the Title above -->
+
+## Expected Behaviour
+<!--- If you're describing a bug, tell us what should happen -->
+<!--- If you're suggesting a change/improvement, tell us how it should work -->
+
+## Current Behaviour
+<!--- If describing a bug, tell us what happens instead of the expected behavior -->
+<!--- If suggesting a change/improvement, explain the difference from current behavior -->
+
+## Possible Solution
+<!--- Not obligatory, but suggest a fix/reason for the bug, -->
+<!--- or ideas how to implement the addition or change -->
+
+## Steps to Reproduce (for bugs)
+<!--- Provide a link to a live example, or an unambiguous set of steps to -->
+<!--- reproduce this bug. Include code to reproduce, if relevant -->
+1.
+2.
+3.
+4.
+
+## Context
+<!--- How has this issue affected you? What are you trying to accomplish? -->
+<!--- Providing context helps us come up with a solution that is most useful in the real world -->
+
+## Your Environment
+
+* OS and architecture:
+
+* Versions:
+
+```sh
+go version
+
+containerd -version
+
+uname -a
+
+cat /etc/os-release
+```

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<!--- Provide a general summary of your changes in the Title above -->
+
+## Description
+<!--- Describe your changes in detail -->
+
+## Motivation and Context
+<!--- Why is this change required? What problem does it solve? -->
+<!--- If it fixes an open issue, please link to the issue here. -->
+- [ ] I have raised an issue to propose this change **this is required**
+
+
+## How Has This Been Tested?
+<!--- Please describe in detail how you tested your changes. -->
+<!--- Include details of your testing environment, and the tests you ran to -->
+<!--- see how your change affects other areas of the code, etc. -->
+
+
+## Types of changes
+<!--- What types of changes does your code introduce? Put an `x` in all the boxes that apply: -->
+- [ ] Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
+- [ ] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
+- [ ] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)
+
+## Checklist:
+
+Commits:
+
+- [ ] I've read the [CONTRIBUTION](https://github.com/openfaas/faas/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md) guide
+- [ ] My commit message has a body and describe how this was tested and why it is required.
+- [ ] I have signed-off my commits with `git commit -s` for the Developer Certificate of Origin (DCO)
+
+Code:
+
+- [ ] My code follows the code style of this project.
+- [ ] I have added tests to cover my changes.
+
+Docs:
+
+- [ ] My change requires a change to the documentation.
+- [ ] I have updated the documentation accordingly.

.github/workflows/build.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+name: build
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ master ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ master ]
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    env:
+      GO111MODULE: off
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        go-version: [1.13.x]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@master
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Install Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+        with:
+          go-version: ${{ matrix.go-version }}
+
+      - name: test
+        run: make test
+      - name: dist
+        run: make dist
+      - name: prepare-test
+        run: make prepare-test
+      - name: test e2e
+        run: make test-e2e
+
+

.github/workflows/publish.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+name: publish
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - '*'
+
+jobs:
+  publish:
+    env:
+      GO111MODULE: off
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        go-version: [1.13.x]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@master
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+      - name: Install Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+        with:
+          go-version: ${{ matrix.go-version }}
+      - name: test
+        run: make test
+      - name: dist
+        run: make dist
+      - name: hashgen
+        run: make hashgen
+
+      - name: Create Release
+        id: create_release
+        uses: actions/create-release@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          tag_name: ${{ github.ref }}
+          release_name: Release ${{ github.ref }}
+          draft: false
+          prerelease: false
+
+      - name: Upload Release faasd
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }} # This pulls from the CREATE RELEASE step above, referencing it's ID to get its outputs object, which include a `upload_url`. See this blog post for more info: https://jasonet.co/posts/new-features-of-github-actions/#passing-data-to-future-steps 
+          asset_path: ./bin/faasd
+          asset_name: faasd
+          asset_content_type: application/binary
+      - name: Upload Release faasd-armhf
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }} # This pulls from the CREATE RELEASE step above, referencing it's ID to get its outputs object, which include a `upload_url`. See this blog post for more info: https://jasonet.co/posts/new-features-of-github-actions/#passing-data-to-future-steps 
+          asset_path: ./bin/faasd-armhf
+          asset_name: faasd-armhf
+          asset_content_type: application/binary
+      - name: Upload Release faasd-arm64
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }} # This pulls from the CREATE RELEASE step above, referencing it's ID to get its outputs object, which include a `upload_url`. See this blog post for more info: https://jasonet.co/posts/new-features-of-github-actions/#passing-data-to-future-steps 
+          asset_path: ./bin/faasd-arm64
+          asset_name: faasd-arm64
+          asset_content_type: application/binary
+      - name: Upload Release faasd.sha256
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }} # This pulls from the CREATE RELEASE step above, referencing it's ID to get its outputs object, which include a `upload_url`. See this blog post for more info: https://jasonet.co/posts/new-features-of-github-actions/#passing-data-to-future-steps 
+          asset_path: ./bin/faasd.sha256
+          asset_name: faasd.sha256
+          asset_content_type: text/plain
+      - name: Upload Release faasd-armhf.sha256
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }} # This pulls from the CREATE RELEASE step above, referencing it's ID to get its outputs object, which include a `upload_url`. See this blog post for more info: https://jasonet.co/posts/new-features-of-github-actions/#passing-data-to-future-steps 
+          asset_path: ./bin/faasd-armhf.sha256
+          asset_name: faasd-armhf.sha256
+          asset_content_type: text/plain
+      - name: Upload Release faasd-arm64.sha256
+        uses: actions/upload-release-asset@v1
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+        with:
+          upload_url: ${{ steps.create_release.outputs.upload_url }} # This pulls from the CREATE RELEASE step above, referencing it's ID to get its outputs object, which include a `upload_url`. See this blog post for more info: https://jasonet.co/posts/new-features-of-github-actions/#passing-data-to-future-steps 
+          asset_path: ./bin/faasd-arm64.sha256
+          asset_name: faasd-arm64.sha256
+          asset_content_type: text/plain

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
 /faasd
 hosts
 /resolv.conf
+.idea/
+
+basic-auth-user
+basic-auth-password
+/bin
+/secrets
+.vscode

.travis.yml

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-sudo: required
-language: go
-go:
-- '1.12'
-script:
-- make dist
-deploy:
-  provider: releases
-  api_key:
-    secure: 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
-  file:
-    - ./bin/faasd
-    - ./bin/faasd-armhf
-    - ./bin/faasd-arm64
-  skip_cleanup: true
-  on:
-    tags: true
-
-env:
-- GO111MODULE=off

Gopkg.lock

@@ -1,456 +0,0 @@
-# This file is autogenerated, do not edit; changes may be undone by the next 'dep ensure'.
-
-
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-  branch = "master"
-  digest = "1:975cb0c04431bf92e60b636a15897c4a3faba9f7dc04da505646630ac91d29d3"
-  name = "github.com/vishvananda/netns"
-  packages = ["."]
-  pruneopts = "UT"
-  revision = "0a2b9b5464df8343199164a0321edf3313202f7e"
-
-[[projects]]
-  digest = "1:aed53a5fa03c1270457e331cf8b7e210e3088a2278fec552c5c5d29c1664e161"
-  name = "go.opencensus.io"
-  packages = [
-    ".",
-    "internal",
-    "trace",
-    "trace/internal",
-    "trace/tracestate",
-  ]
-  pruneopts = "UT"
-  revision = "aad2c527c5defcf89b5afab7f37274304195a6b2"
-  version = "v0.22.2"
-
-[[projects]]
-  branch = "master"
-  digest = "1:676f320d34ccfa88bfa6d04bdf388ed7062af175355c805ef57ccda1a3f13432"
-  name = "golang.org/x/net"
-  packages = [
-    "context",
-    "context/ctxhttp",
-    "http/httpguts",
-    "http2",
-    "http2/hpack",
-    "idna",
-    "internal/timeseries",
-    "trace",
-  ]
-  pruneopts = "UT"
-  revision = "c0dbc17a35534bf2e581d7a942408dc936316da4"
-
-[[projects]]
-  digest = "1:d6b0cfc5ae30841c4b116ac589629f56f8add0955a39f11d8c0d06ca67f5b3d5"
-  name = "golang.org/x/sync"
-  packages = [
-    "errgroup",
-    "semaphore",
-  ]
-  pruneopts = "UT"
-  revision = "42b317875d0fa942474b76e1b46a6060d720ae6e"
-
-[[projects]]
-  branch = "master"
-  digest = "1:a76bac71eb452a046b47f82336ba792d8de988688a912f3fd0e8ec8e57fe1bb4"
-  name = "golang.org/x/sys"
-  packages = [
-    "unix",
-    "windows",
-  ]
-  pruneopts = "UT"
-  revision = "af0d71d358abe0ba3594483a5d519f429dbae3e9"
-
-[[projects]]
-  digest = "1:8d8faad6b12a3a4c819a3f9618cb6ee1fa1cfc33253abeeea8b55336721e3405"
-  name = "golang.org/x/text"
-  packages = [
-    "collate",
-    "collate/build",
-    "internal/colltab",
-    "internal/gen",
-    "internal/language",
-    "internal/language/compact",
-    "internal/tag",
-    "internal/triegen",
-    "internal/ucd",
-    "language",
-    "secure/bidirule",
-    "transform",
-    "unicode/bidi",
-    "unicode/cldr",
-    "unicode/norm",
-    "unicode/rangetable",
-  ]
-  pruneopts = "UT"
-  revision = "342b2e1fbaa52c93f31447ad2c6abc048c63e475"
-  version = "v0.3.2"
-
-[[projects]]
-  branch = "master"
-  digest = "1:583a0c80f5e3a9343d33aea4aead1e1afcc0043db66fdf961ddd1fe8cd3a4faf"
-  name = "google.golang.org/genproto"
-  packages = ["googleapis/rpc/status"]
-  pruneopts = "UT"
-  revision = "b31c10ee225f87dbb9f5f878ead9d64f34f5cbbb"
-
-[[projects]]
-  digest = "1:48eafc052e46b4ebbc7882553873cf6198203e528627cefc94dcaf8553addd19"
-  name = "google.golang.org/grpc"
-  packages = [
-    ".",
-    "balancer",
-    "balancer/base",
-    "balancer/roundrobin",
-    "binarylog/grpc_binarylog_v1",
-    "codes",
-    "connectivity",
-    "credentials",
-    "credentials/internal",
-    "encoding",
-    "encoding/proto",
-    "grpclog",
-    "health/grpc_health_v1",
-    "internal",
-    "internal/backoff",
-    "internal/balancerload",
-    "internal/binarylog",
-    "internal/channelz",
-    "internal/envconfig",
-    "internal/grpcrand",
-    "internal/grpcsync",
-    "internal/syscall",
-    "internal/transport",
-    "keepalive",
-    "metadata",
-    "naming",
-    "peer",
-    "resolver",
-    "resolver/dns",
-    "resolver/passthrough",
-    "serviceconfig",
-    "stats",
-    "status",
-    "tap",
-  ]
-  pruneopts = "UT"
-  revision = "6eaf6f47437a6b4e2153a190160ef39a92c7eceb"
-  version = "v1.23.0"
-
-[solve-meta]
-  analyzer-name = "dep"
-  analyzer-version = 1
-  input-imports = [
-    "github.com/containerd/containerd",
-    "github.com/containerd/containerd/cio",
-    "github.com/containerd/containerd/containers",
-    "github.com/containerd/containerd/errdefs",
-    "github.com/containerd/containerd/namespaces",
-    "github.com/containerd/containerd/oci",
-    "github.com/morikuni/aec",
-    "github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go",
-    "github.com/spf13/cobra",
-    "github.com/vishvananda/netlink",
-    "github.com/vishvananda/netns",
-  ]
-  solver-name = "gps-cdcl"
-  solver-version = 1

Gopkg.toml

@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-# Gopkg.toml example
-#
-# Refer to https://golang.github.io/dep/docs/Gopkg.toml.html
-# for detailed Gopkg.toml documentation.
-#
-# required = ["github.com/user/thing/cmd/thing"]
-# ignored = ["github.com/user/project/pkgX", "bitbucket.org/user/project/pkgA/pkgY"]
-#
-# [[constraint]]
-#   name = "github.com/user/project"
-#   version = "1.0.0"
-#
-# [[constraint]]
-#   name = "github.com/user/project2"
-#   branch = "dev"
-#   source = "github.com/myfork/project2"
-#
-# [[override]]
-#   name = "github.com/x/y"
-#   version = "2.4.0"
-#
-# [prune]
-#   non-go = false
-#   go-tests = true
-#   unused-packages = true
-
-
-[[constraint]]
-  name = "github.com/containerd/containerd"
-  version = "1.3.2"
-
-[[constraint]]
-  name = "github.com/morikuni/aec"
-  version = "1.0.0"
-
-[[constraint]]
-  name = "github.com/spf13/cobra"
-  version = "0.0.5"
-
-[prune]
-  go-tests = true
-  unused-packages = true

LICENSE

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 MIT License
 
-Copyright (c) 2019 Alex Ellis
+Copyright (c) 2020 Alex Ellis
+Copyright (c) 2020 OpenFaaS Ltd
+Copyright (c) 2020 OpenFaas Author(s)
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

Makefile

@@ -1,15 +1,62 @@
 Version := $(shell git describe --tags --dirty)
 GitCommit := $(shell git rev-parse HEAD)
-LDFLAGS := "-s -w -X pkg.Version=$(Version) -X pkg.GitCommit=$(GitCommit)"
+LDFLAGS := "-s -w -X main.Version=$(Version) -X main.GitCommit=$(GitCommit)"
+CONTAINERD_VER := 1.3.4
+CNI_VERSION := v0.8.6
+ARCH := amd64
+
+export GO111MODULE=on
 
 .PHONY: all
 all: local
 
 local:
-	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -o bin/faasd
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -mod=vendor -o bin/faasd
+
+.PHONY: test
+test:
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go test -mod=vendor -ldflags $(LDFLAGS) ./...
 
 .PHONY: dist
 dist:
-	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -ldflags $(LDFLAGS) -a -installsuffix cgo -o bin/faasd
-	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 go build -ldflags $(LDFLAGS) -a -installsuffix cgo -o bin/faasd-armhf
-	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags $(LDFLAGS) -a -installsuffix cgo -o bin/faasd-arm64
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -mod=vendor -ldflags $(LDFLAGS) -a -installsuffix cgo -o bin/faasd
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 go build -mod=vendor -ldflags $(LDFLAGS) -a -installsuffix cgo -o bin/faasd-armhf
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build -mod=vendor -ldflags $(LDFLAGS) -a -installsuffix cgo -o bin/faasd-arm64
+
+.PHONY: hashgen
+hashgen:
+	for f in bin/faasd*; do shasum -a 256 $$f > $$f.sha256; done
+
+.PHONY: prepare-test
+prepare-test:
+	curl -sLSf https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v$(CONTAINERD_VER)/containerd-$(CONTAINERD_VER).linux-amd64.tar.gz > /tmp/containerd.tar.gz && sudo tar -xvf /tmp/containerd.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin/ --strip-components=1
+	curl -SLfs https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/v1.3.2/containerd.service | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
+	sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl start containerd
+	sudo /sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1
+	sudo mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
+	curl -sSL https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/$(CNI_VERSION)/cni-plugins-linux-$(ARCH)-$(CNI_VERSION).tgz | sudo tar -xz -C /opt/cni/bin
+	sudo cp bin/faasd /usr/local/bin/
+	sudo /usr/local/bin/faasd install
+	sudo systemctl status -l containerd --no-pager
+	sudo journalctl -u faasd-provider --no-pager
+	sudo systemctl status -l faasd-provider --no-pager
+	sudo systemctl status -l faasd --no-pager
+	curl -sSLf https://cli.openfaas.com | sudo sh
+	echo "Sleeping for 2m" && sleep 120 && sudo journalctl -u faasd --no-pager
+
+.PHONY: test-e2e
+test-e2e:
+	sudo cat /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password | /usr/local/bin/faas-cli login --password-stdin
+	/usr/local/bin/faas-cli store deploy figlet --env write_timeout=1s --env read_timeout=1s --label testing=true
+	sleep 5
+	/usr/local/bin/faas-cli list -v
+	/usr/local/bin/faas-cli describe figlet | grep testing
+	uname | /usr/local/bin/faas-cli invoke figlet
+	uname | /usr/local/bin/faas-cli invoke figlet --async
+	sleep 10
+	/usr/local/bin/faas-cli list -v
+	/usr/local/bin/faas-cli remove figlet
+	sleep 3
+	/usr/local/bin/faas-cli list
+	sleep 3
+	/usr/local/bin/faas-cli logs figlet --follow=false | grep Forking

README.md

@@ -1,120 +1,278 @@
-# faasd - serverless with containerd
+# faasd - a lightweight & portable faas engine
 
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.com/alexellis/faasd.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.com/alexellis/faasd)
+[![Build Status](https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/workflows/build/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/actions)
+[![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-yellow.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
+[![OpenFaaS](https://img.shields.io/badge/openfaas-serverless-blue.svg)](https://www.openfaas.com)
+![Downloads](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/openfaas/faasd/total)
 
-faasd is a Golang supervisor that bundles OpenFaaS for use with containerd instead of a container orchestrator like Kubernetes or Docker Swarm.
+faasd is [OpenFaaS](https://github.com/openfaas/) reimagined, but without the cost and complexity of Kubernetes. It runs on a single host with very modest requirements, making it fast and easy to manage. Under the hood it uses [containerd](https://containerd.io/) and [Container Networking Interface (CNI)](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni) along with the same core OpenFaaS components from the main project.
 
-## About faasd:
+## When should you use faasd over OpenFaaS on Kubernetes?
 
-* faasd is a single Golang binary
-* faasd is multi-arch, so works on `x86_64`, armhf and arm64
-* faasd downloads, starts and supervises the core components to run OpenFaaS
+* You have a cost sensitive project - run faasd on a 5-10 USD VPS or on your Raspberry Pi
+* When you just need a few functions or microservices, without the cost of a cluster
+* When you don't have the bandwidth to learn or manage Kubernetes
+* To deploy embedded apps in IoT and edge use-cases
+* To shrink-wrap applications for use with a customer or client
+
+faasd does not create the same maintenance burden you'll find with maintaining, upgrading, and securing a Kubernetes cluster. You can deploy it and walk away, in the worst case, just deploy a new VM and deploy your functions again.
+
+## About faasd
+
+* is a single Golang binary
+* uses the same core components and ecosystem of OpenFaaS
+* is multi-arch, so works on Intel `x86_64` and ARM out the box
+* can be set-up and left alone to run your applications
+
+![demo](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EPNQz00W4AEwDxM?format=jpg&name=small)
+
+> Demo of faasd running in KVM
+
+## Tutorials
+
+### Get started on DigitalOcean, or any other IaaS
+
+If your IaaS supports `user_data` aka "cloud-init", then this guide is for you. If not, then checkout the approach and feel free to run each step manually.
+
+* [Build a Serverless appliance with faasd](https://blog.alexellis.io/deploy-serverless-faasd-with-cloud-init/)
+
+### Run locally on MacOS, Linux, or Windows with multipass
+
+* [Get up and running with your own faasd installation on your Mac/Ubuntu or Windows with cloud-config](/docs/MULTIPASS.md)
+
+### Get started on armhf / Raspberry Pi
+
+You can run this tutorial on your Raspberry Pi, or adapt the steps for a regular Linux VM/VPS host.
+
+* [faasd - lightweight Serverless for your Raspberry Pi](https://blog.alexellis.io/faasd-for-lightweight-serverless/)
+
+### Terraform for DigitalOcean
+
+Automate everything within < 60 seconds and get a public URL and IP address back. Customise as required, or adapt to your preferred cloud such as AWS EC2.
+
+* [Provision faasd 0.9.5 on DigitalOcean with Terraform 0.12.0](docs/bootstrap/README.md)
+
+* [Provision faasd on DigitalOcean with built-in TLS support](docs/bootstrap/digitalocean-terraform/README.md)
+
+## Operational concerns
+
+### A note on private repos / registries
+
+To use private image repos, `~/.docker/config.json` needs to be copied to `/var/lib/faasd/.docker/config.json`.
+
+If you'd like to set up your own private registry, [see this tutorial](https://blog.alexellis.io/get-a-tls-enabled-docker-registry-in-5-minutes/).
+
+Beware that running `docker login` on MacOS and Windows may create an empty file with your credentials stored in the system helper.
+
+Alternatively, use you can use the `registry-login` command from the OpenFaaS Cloud bootstrap tool (ofc-bootstrap):
+
+```bash
+curl -sLSf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openfaas-incubator/ofc-bootstrap/master/get.sh | sudo sh
+
+ofc-bootstrap registry-login --username <your-registry-username> --password-stdin
+# (the enter your password and hit return)
+```
+The file will be created in `./credentials/`
+
+> Note for the GitHub container registry, you should use `ghcr.io` Container Registry and not the previous generation of "Docker Package Registry". [See notes on migrating](https://docs.github.com/en/free-pro-team@latest/packages/getting-started-with-github-container-registry/migrating-to-github-container-registry-for-docker-images)
+
+### Logs for functions
+
+You can view the logs of functions using `journalctl`:
+
+```bash
+journalctl -t openfaas-fn:FUNCTION_NAME
+
+
+faas-cli store deploy figlet
+journalctl -t openfaas-fn:figlet -f &
+echo logs | faas-cli invoke figlet
+```
+
+### Logs for the core services
+
+Core services as defined in the docker-compose.yaml file are deployed as containers by faasd.
+
+View the logs for a component by giving its NAME:
+
+```bash
+journalctl -t default:NAME
+
+journalctl -t default:gateway
+
+journalctl -t default:queue-worker
+```
+
+You can also use `-f` to follow the logs, or `--lines` to tail a number of lines, or `--since` to give a timeframe.
+
+### Exposing core services
+
+The OpenFaaS stack is made up of several core services including NATS and Prometheus. You can expose these through the `docker-compose.yaml` file located at `/var/lib/faasd`.
+
+Expose the gateway to all adapters:
+
+```yaml
+  gateway:
+    ports:
+       - "8080:8080"
+```
+
+Expose Prometheus only to 127.0.0.1:
+
+```yaml
+  prometheus:
+    ports:
+       - "127.0.0.1:9090:9090"
+```
+
+### Upgrading faasd
+
+To upgrade `faasd` either re-create your VM using Terraform, or simply replace the faasd binary with a newer one.
+
+```bash
+systemctl stop faasd-provider
+systemctl stop faasd
+
+# Replace /usr/local/bin/faasd with the desired release
+
+# Replace /var/lib/faasd/docker-compose.yaml with the matching version for
+# that release.
+# Remember to keep any custom patches you make such as exposing additional 
+# ports, or updating timeout values
+
+systemctl start faasd
+systemctl start faasd-provider
+```
+
+You could also perform this task over SSH, or use a configuration management tool.
+
+> Note: if you are using Caddy or Let's Encrypt for free SSL certificates, that you may hit rate-limits for generating new certificates if you do this too often within a given week.
+
+### Memory limits for functions
+
+Memory limits for functions are supported. When the limit is exceeded the function will be killed.
+
+Example:
+
+```yaml
+functions:
+  figlet:
+    skip_build: true
+    image: functions/figlet:latest
+    limits:
+      memory: 20Mi
+```
 
 ## What does faasd deploy?
 
-* [faas-containerd](https://github.com/alexellis/faas-containerd/)
-* [Prometheus](https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus)
-* [the OpenFaaS gateway](https://github.com/openfaas/faas/tree/master/gateway)
+* faasd - itself, and its [faas-provider](https://github.com/openfaas/faas-provider) for containerd - CRUD for functions and services, implements the OpenFaaS REST API
+* [Prometheus](https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus) - for monitoring of services, metrics, scaling and dashboards
+* [OpenFaaS Gateway](https://github.com/openfaas/faas/tree/master/gateway) - the UI portal, CLI, and other OpenFaaS tooling can talk to this.
+* [OpenFaaS queue-worker for NATS](https://github.com/openfaas/nats-queue-worker) - run your invocations in the background without adding any code. See also: [asynchronous invocations](https://docs.openfaas.com/reference/triggers/#async-nats-streaming)
+* [NATS](https://nats.io) for asynchronous processing and queues
 
-You can use the standard [faas-cli](https://github.com/openfaas/faas-cli) with faasd along with pre-packaged functions in the Function Store, or build your own with the template store.
+You'll also need:
 
-### faas-containerd supports:
+* [CNI](https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins)
+* [containerd](https://github.com/containerd/containerd)
+* [runc](https://github.com/opencontainers/runc)
 
+You can use the standard [faas-cli](https://github.com/openfaas/faas-cli) along with pre-packaged functions from *the Function Store*, or build your own using any OpenFaaS template.
+
+### Manual / developer instructions
+
+See [here for manual / developer instructions](docs/DEV.md)
+
+## Getting help
+
+### Docs
+
+The [OpenFaaS docs](https://docs.openfaas.com/) provide a wealth of information and are kept up to date with new features.
+
+### Function and template store
+
+For community functions see `faas-cli store --help`
+
+For templates built by the community see: `faas-cli template store list`, you can also use the `dockerfile` template if you just want to migrate an existing service without the benefits of using a template.
+
+### Training and courses
+
+#### LinuxFoundation training course
+
+The founder of faasd and OpenFaaS has written a training course for the LinuxFoundation which also covers how to use OpenFaaS on Kubernetes. Much of the same concepts can be applied to faasd, and the course is free:
+
+* [Introduction to Serverless on Kubernetes](https://www.edx.org/course/introduction-to-serverless-on-kubernetes)
+
+#### Community workshop
+
+[The OpenFaaS workshop](https://github.com/openfaas/workshop/) is a set of 12 self-paced labs and provides a great starting point for learning the features of openfaas. Not all features will be available or usable with faasd.
+
+### Community support
+
+An active community of almost 3000 users awaits you on Slack. Over 250 of those users are also contributors and help maintain the code.
+
+* [Join Slack](https://slack.openfaas.io/)
+
+## Roadmap
+
+### Supported operations
+
+* `faas login`
+* `faas up`
 * `faas list`
-* `faas describe` 
+* `faas describe`
 * `faas deploy --update=true --replace=false`
+* `faas invoke --async`
 * `faas invoke`
+* `faas rm`
+* `faas store list/deploy/inspect`
+* `faas version`
+* `faas namespace`
+* `faas secret`
+* `faas logs`
 
-Other operations are pending development in the provider.
+Scale from and to zero is also supported. On a Dell XPS with a small, pre-pulled image unpausing an existing task took 0.19s and starting a task for a killed function took 0.39s. There may be further optimizations to be gained.
 
-### Pre-reqs
+Other operations are pending development in the provider such as:
 
-* Linux - ideally Ubuntu, which is used for testing.
-* Installation steps as per [faas-containerd](https://github.com/alexellis/faas-containerd) for building and for development
-* [faas-cli](https://github.com/openfaas/faas-cli) (optional)
+* `faas auth` - supported for Basic Authentication, but OAuth2 & OIDC require a patch
 
-## Backlog
+### Backlog
 
-* Use CNI to create network namespaces and adapters
-* Inject / manage IPs between core components for service to service communication - i.e. so Prometheus can scrape the OpenFaaS gateway
-* Monitor and restart any of the core components, if they crash
-* Configure `basic_auth` to protect the OpenFaaS gateway and faas-containerd HTTP API
-* Self-install / create systemd service on start-up using [go-systemd](https://github.com/coreos/go-systemd)
-* Bundle/package/automate installation of containerd - [see bootstrap from k3s](https://github.com/rancher/k3s)
-* Create [faasd.service](https://github.com/rancher/k3s/blob/master/k3s.service)
+* [ ] [Store and retrieve annotations in function spec](https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/pull/86) - in progress
+* [ ] Offer live rolling-updates, with zero downtime - requires moving to IDs vs. names for function containers
+* [ ] An installer for faasd and dependencies - runc, containerd
+* [ ] Monitor and restart any of the core components at runtime if the container stops
+* [ ] Provide ufw rules / example for blocking access to everything but a reverse proxy to the gateway container
+* [ ] Multiple replicas per function
 
+### Known-issues
 
-## Hacking
+### Completed
 
-First run faas-containerd
-
-```sh
-cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/alexellis/faas-containerd
-go build && sudo ./faas-containerd
-```
-
-Then run faasd, which brings up the gateway and Prometheus as containers
-
-```sh
-cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/alexellis/faasd
-go build && sudo ./faasd
-```
-
-Or get from binaries:
-
-
-### Build and run faas-containerd
-
-```sh
-# For x86_64
-sudo curl -fSLs "https://github.com/alexellis/faasd/releases/download/0.1.3/faasd" \
-    -o "/usr/local/bin/faasd" \
-    && sudo chmod a+x "/usr/local/bin/faasd"
-
-# armhf
-sudo curl -fSLs "https://github.com/alexellis/faasd/releases/download/0.1.3/faasd-armhf" \
-    -o "/usr/local/bin/faasd" \
-    && sudo chmod a+x "/usr/local/bin/faasd"
-
-# arm64
-sudo curl -fSLs "https://github.com/alexellis/faasd/releases/download/0.1.3/faasd-arm64" \
-    -o "/usr/local/bin/faasd" \
-    && sudo chmod a+x "/usr/local/bin/faasd"
-```
-
-
-Look in `hosts` in the current working folder to get the IP for the gateway or Prometheus
-
-```sh
-127.0.0.1       localhost
-172.19.0.1      faas-containerd
-172.19.0.2      prometheus
-
-172.19.0.3      gateway
-```
-
-Since faas-containerd uses containerd heavily it is not running as a container, but as a stand-alone process. Its port is available via the bridge interface, i.e. netns0.
-
-Now go to the gateway's IP address as shown above on port 8080, i.e. http://172.19.0.3:8080 - you can also use this address to deploy OpenFaaS Functions via the `faas-cli`. 
-
-Removing containers:
-
-```sh
-echo faas-containerd gateway prometheus |xargs sudo ctr task rm -f
-
-echo faas-containerd gateway prometheus |xargs sudo ctr container rm
-
-echo faas-containerd gateway prometheus |xargs sudo ctr snapshot rm
-```
-
-## Links
-
-https://github.com/renatofq/ctrofb/blob/31968e4b4893f3603e9998f21933c4131523bb5d/cmd/network.go
-
-https://github.com/renatofq/catraia/blob/c4f62c86bddbfadbead38cd2bfe6d920fba26dce/catraia-net/network.go
-
-https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins
-
-https://github.com/containerd/go-cni
+* [x] Provide a cloud-init configuration for faasd bootstrap
+* [x] Configure core services from a docker-compose.yaml file
+* [x] Store and fetch logs from the journal
+* [x] Add support for using container images in third-party public registries
+* [x] Add support for using container images in private third-party registries
+* [x] Provide a cloud-config.txt file for automated deployments of `faasd`
+* [x] Inject / manage IPs between core components for service to service communication - i.e. so Prometheus can scrape the OpenFaaS gateway - done via `/etc/hosts` mount
+* [x] Add queue-worker and NATS
+* [x] Create faasd.service and faasd-provider.service
+* [x] Self-install / create systemd service via `faasd install`
+* [x] Restart containers upon restart of faasd
+* [x] Clear / remove containers and tasks with SIGTERM / SIGINT
+* [x] Determine armhf/arm64 containers to run for gateway
+* [x] Configure `basic_auth` to protect the OpenFaaS gateway and faasd-provider HTTP API
+* [x] Setup custom working directory for faasd `/var/lib/faasd/`
+* [x] Use CNI to create network namespaces and adapters
+* [x] Optionally expose core services from the docker-compose.yaml file, locally or to all adapters.
+* [x] ~~[containerd can't pull image from Github Docker Package Registry](https://github.com/containerd/containerd/issues/3291)~~ ghcr.io support
+* [x] Provide [simple Caddyfile example](https://blog.alexellis.io/https-inlets-local-endpoints/) in the README showing how to expose the faasd proxy on port 80/443 with TLS
+* [x] Annotation support
+* [x] Hard memory limits for functions
+* [ ] Terraform for DigitalOcean
 
+WIP:
 
+* [ ] Terraform for AWS

cloud-config.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#cloud-config
+ssh_authorized_keys:
+## Note: Replace with your own public key
+  - ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC8Q/aUYUr3P1XKVucnO9mlWxOjJm+K01lHJR90MkHC9zbfTqlp8P7C3J26zKAuzHXOeF+VFxETRr6YedQKW9zp5oP7sN+F2gr/pO7GV3VmOqHMV7uKfyUQfq7H1aVzLfCcI7FwN2Zekv3yB7kj35pbsMa1Za58aF6oHRctZU6UWgXXbRxP+B04DoVU7jTstQ4GMoOCaqYhgPHyjEAS3DW0kkPW6HzsvJHkxvVcVlZ/wNJa1Ie/yGpzOzWIN0Ol0t2QT/RSWOhfzO1A2P0XbPuZ04NmriBonO9zR7T1fMNmmtTuK7WazKjQT3inmYRAqU6pe8wfX8WIWNV7OowUjUsv alex@alexr.local
+
+package_update: true
+
+packages:
+ - runc
+
+runcmd:
+- curl -sLSf https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.3.5/containerd-1.3.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz > /tmp/containerd.tar.gz && tar -xvf /tmp/containerd.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin/ --strip-components=1
+- curl -SLfs https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/v1.3.5/containerd.service | tee /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
+- systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start containerd
+- systemctl enable containerd
+- /sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1
+- mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
+- curl -sSL https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.5/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.5.tgz | tar -xz -C /opt/cni/bin
+- mkdir -p /go/src/github.com/openfaas/
+- cd /go/src/github.com/openfaas/ && git clone --depth 1 --branch 0.9.5 https://github.com/openfaas/faasd
+- curl -fSLs "https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/releases/download/0.9.5/faasd" --output "/usr/local/bin/faasd" && chmod a+x "/usr/local/bin/faasd"
+- cd /go/src/github.com/openfaas/faasd/ && /usr/local/bin/faasd install
+- systemctl status -l containerd --no-pager
+- journalctl -u faasd-provider --no-pager
+- systemctl status -l faasd-provider --no-pager
+- systemctl status -l faasd --no-pager
+- curl -sSLf https://cli.openfaas.com | sh
+- sleep 60 && journalctl -u faasd --no-pager
+- cat /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password | /usr/local/bin/faas-cli login --password-stdin

cmd/collect.go

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/runtime/v2/logging"
+	"github.com/coreos/go-systemd/journal"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+func CollectCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	return collectCmd
+}
+
+var collectCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "collect",
+	Short: "Collect logs to the journal",
+	RunE:  runCollect,
+}
+
+func runCollect(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+	logging.Run(logStdio)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// logStdio copied from
+// https://github.com/containerd/containerd/pull/3085
+// https://github.com/stellarproject/orbit
+func logStdio(ctx context.Context, config *logging.Config, ready func() error) error {
+	// construct any log metadata for the container
+	vars := map[string]string{
+		"SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER": fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s", config.Namespace, config.ID),
+	}
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(2)
+	// forward both stdout and stderr to the journal
+	go copy(&wg, config.Stdout, journal.PriInfo, vars)
+	go copy(&wg, config.Stderr, journal.PriErr, vars)
+	// signal that we are ready and setup for the container to be started
+	if err := ready(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func copy(wg *sync.WaitGroup, r io.Reader, pri journal.Priority, vars map[string]string) {
+	defer wg.Done()
+	s := bufio.NewScanner(r)
+	for s.Scan() {
+		if s.Err() != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		journal.Send(s.Text(), pri, vars)
+	}
+}

cmd/install.go

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+
+	systemd "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/systemd"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+var installCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "install",
+	Short: "Install faasd",
+	RunE:  runInstall,
+}
+
+const workingDirectoryPermission = 0644
+
+const faasdwd = "/var/lib/faasd"
+
+const faasdProviderWd = "/var/lib/faasd-provider"
+
+func runInstall(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+
+	if err := ensureWorkingDir(path.Join(faasdwd, "secrets")); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := ensureWorkingDir(faasdProviderWd); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if basicAuthErr := makeBasicAuthFiles(path.Join(faasdwd, "secrets")); basicAuthErr != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(basicAuthErr, "cannot create basic-auth-* files")
+	}
+
+	if err := cp("docker-compose.yaml", faasdwd); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := cp("prometheus.yml", faasdwd); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := cp("resolv.conf", faasdwd); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err := binExists("/usr/local/bin/", "faasd")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = systemd.InstallUnit("faasd-provider", map[string]string{
+		"Cwd":             faasdProviderWd,
+		"SecretMountPath": path.Join(faasdwd, "secrets")})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = systemd.InstallUnit("faasd", map[string]string{"Cwd": faasdwd})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = systemd.DaemonReload()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = systemd.Enable("faasd-provider")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = systemd.Enable("faasd")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = systemd.Start("faasd-provider")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = systemd.Start("faasd")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println(`Login with:
+  sudo cat /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password | faas-cli login -s`)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func binExists(folder, name string) error {
+	findPath := path.Join(folder, name)
+	if _, err := os.Stat(findPath); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to stat %s, install this binary before continuing", findPath)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func ensureWorkingDir(folder string) error {
+	if _, err := os.Stat(folder); err != nil {
+		err = os.MkdirAll(folder, workingDirectoryPermission)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func cp(source, destFolder string) error {
+	file, err := os.Open(source)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	out, err := os.Create(path.Join(destFolder, source))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer out.Close()
+
+	_, err = io.Copy(out, file)
+
+	return err
+}

cmd/provider.go

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
+	bootstrap "github.com/openfaas/faas-provider"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/logs"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/proxy"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/cninetwork"
+	faasdlogs "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/logs"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/provider/config"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/provider/handlers"
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+func makeProviderCmd() *cobra.Command {
+	var command = &cobra.Command{
+		Use:   "provider",
+		Short: "Run the faasd-provider",
+	}
+
+	command.Flags().String("pull-policy", "Always", `Set to "Always" to force a pull of images upon deployment, or "IfNotPresent" to try to use a cached image.`)
+
+	command.RunE = func(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+
+		pullPolicy, flagErr := command.Flags().GetString("pull-policy")
+		if flagErr != nil {
+			return flagErr
+		}
+
+		alwaysPull := false
+		if pullPolicy == "Always" {
+			alwaysPull = true
+		}
+
+		config, providerConfig, err := config.ReadFromEnv(types.OsEnv{})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		log.Printf("faasd-provider starting..\tService Timeout: %s\n", config.WriteTimeout.String())
+		printVersion()
+
+		wd, err := os.Getwd()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		writeHostsErr := ioutil.WriteFile(path.Join(wd, "hosts"),
+			[]byte(`127.0.0.1	localhost`), workingDirectoryPermission)
+
+		if writeHostsErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot write hosts file: %s", writeHostsErr)
+		}
+
+		writeResolvErr := ioutil.WriteFile(path.Join(wd, "resolv.conf"),
+			[]byte(`nameserver 8.8.8.8`), workingDirectoryPermission)
+
+		if writeResolvErr != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot write resolv.conf file: %s", writeResolvErr)
+		}
+
+		cni, err := cninetwork.InitNetwork()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		client, err := containerd.New(providerConfig.Sock)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		defer client.Close()
+
+		invokeResolver := handlers.NewInvokeResolver(client)
+
+		userSecretPath := path.Join(wd, "secrets")
+
+		bootstrapHandlers := types.FaaSHandlers{
+			FunctionProxy:        proxy.NewHandlerFunc(*config, invokeResolver),
+			DeleteHandler:        handlers.MakeDeleteHandler(client, cni),
+			DeployHandler:        handlers.MakeDeployHandler(client, cni, userSecretPath, alwaysPull),
+			FunctionReader:       handlers.MakeReadHandler(client),
+			ReplicaReader:        handlers.MakeReplicaReaderHandler(client),
+			ReplicaUpdater:       handlers.MakeReplicaUpdateHandler(client, cni),
+			UpdateHandler:        handlers.MakeUpdateHandler(client, cni, userSecretPath, alwaysPull),
+			HealthHandler:        func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {},
+			InfoHandler:          handlers.MakeInfoHandler(Version, GitCommit),
+			ListNamespaceHandler: listNamespaces(),
+			SecretHandler:        handlers.MakeSecretHandler(client, userSecretPath),
+			LogHandler:           logs.NewLogHandlerFunc(faasdlogs.New(), config.ReadTimeout),
+		}
+
+		log.Printf("Listening on TCP port: %d\n", *config.TCPPort)
+		bootstrap.Serve(&bootstrapHandlers, config)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return command
+}
+
+func listNamespaces() func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		list := []string{""}
+		out, _ := json.Marshal(list)
+		w.Write(out)
+	}
+}

cmd/root.go

@@ -3,60 +3,33 @@ package cmd
 import (
 	"fmt"
 
-	"github.com/alexellis/faasd/pkg"
 	"github.com/morikuni/aec"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
-var (
-	// Version as per git repo
-	Version string
-
-	// GitCommit as per git repo
-	GitCommit string
-)
-
 // WelcomeMessage to introduce ofc-bootstrap
 const WelcomeMessage = "Welcome to faasd"
 
 func init() {
 	rootCommand.AddCommand(versionCmd)
 	rootCommand.AddCommand(upCmd)
+	rootCommand.AddCommand(installCmd)
+	rootCommand.AddCommand(makeProviderCmd())
+	rootCommand.AddCommand(collectCmd)
 }
 
-var rootCommand = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "faasd",
-	Short: "Start faasd",
-	Long: `
-faasd - serverless without Kubernetes
-`,
-	RunE:         runRootCommand,
-	SilenceUsage: true,
+func RootCommand() *cobra.Command {
+	return rootCommand
 }
 
-var versionCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "version",
-	Short: "Display version information.",
-	Run:   parseBaseCommand,
-}
-
-func getVersion() string {
-	if len(Version) != 0 {
-		return Version
-	}
-	return "dev"
-}
-
-func parseBaseCommand(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
-	printLogo()
-
-	fmt.Printf(
-		`faasd
-Commit: %s
-Version: %s
-`, pkg.GitCommit, pkg.GetVersion())
-}
+var (
+	// GitCommit Git Commit SHA
+	GitCommit string
+	// Version version of the CLI
+	Version string
+)
 
+// Execute faasd
 func Execute(version, gitCommit string) error {
 
 	// Get Version and GitCommit values from main.go.
@@ -69,6 +42,16 @@ func Execute(version, gitCommit string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+var rootCommand = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "faasd",
+	Short: "Start faasd",
+	Long: `
+faasd - serverless without Kubernetes
+`,
+	RunE:         runRootCommand,
+	SilenceUsage: true,
+}
+
 func runRootCommand(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 
 	printLogo()
@@ -77,7 +60,39 @@ func runRootCommand(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+var versionCmd = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "version",
+	Short: "Display version information.",
+	Run:   parseBaseCommand,
+}
+
+func parseBaseCommand(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
+	printLogo()
+
+	printVersion()
+}
+
+func printVersion() {
+	fmt.Printf("faasd version: %s\tcommit: %s\n", GetVersion(), GitCommit)
+}
+
 func printLogo() {
-	logoText := aec.WhiteF.Apply(pkg.Logo)
+	logoText := aec.WhiteF.Apply(Logo)
 	fmt.Println(logoText)
 }
+
+// GetVersion get latest version
+func GetVersion() string {
+	if len(Version) == 0 {
+		return "dev"
+	}
+	return Version
+}
+
+// Logo for version and root command
+const Logo = `  __                     _ 
+ / _| __ _  __ _ ___  __| |
+| |_ / _` + "`" + ` |/ _` + "`" + ` / __|/ _` + "`" + ` |
+|  _| (_| | (_| \__ \ (_| |
+|_|  \__,_|\__,_|___/\__,_|
+`

cmd/up.go

@@ -1,75 +1,65 @@
 package cmd
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
 	"os"
+	"os/signal"
 	"path"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/alexellis/faasd/pkg"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/sethvargo/go-password/password"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	flag "github.com/spf13/pflag"
+
+	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
 )
 
+// upConfig are the CLI flags used by the `faasd up` command to deploy the faasd service
+type upConfig struct {
+	// composeFilePath is the path to the compose file specifying the faasd service configuration
+	// See https://compose-spec.io/ for more information about the spec,
+	//
+	// currently, this must be the name of a file in workingDir, which is set to the value of
+	// `faasdwd = /var/lib/faasd`
+	composeFilePath string
+
+	// working directory to assume the compose file is in, should be faasdwd.
+	// this is not configurable but may be in the future.
+	workingDir string
+}
+
+func init() {
+	configureUpFlags(upCmd.Flags())
+}
+
 var upCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "up",
 	Short: "Start faasd",
 	RunE:  runUp,
 }
 
-func runUp(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+func runUp(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
 
-	wd, _ := os.Getwd()
-	svcs := []pkg.Service{
-		pkg.Service{
-			Name:  "nats",
-			Env:   []string{""},
-			Image: "docker.io/library/nats-streaming:0.11.2",
-			Caps:  []string{},
-			Args:  []string{"/nats-streaming-server", "-m", "8222", "--store=memory", "--cluster_id=faas-cluster"},
-		},
-		pkg.Service{
-			Name:  "prometheus",
-			Env:   []string{},
-			Image: "docker.io/prom/prometheus:v2.14.0",
-			Mounts: []pkg.Mount{
-				pkg.Mount{
-					Src:  path.Join(wd, "prometheus.yml"),
-					Dest: "/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml",
-				},
-			},
-			Caps: []string{"CAP_NET_RAW"},
-		},
-		pkg.Service{
-			Name: "gateway",
-			Env: []string{
-				"basic_auth=false",
-				"functions_provider_url=http://faas-containerd:8081/",
-				"direct_functions=false",
-				"read_timeout=60s",
-				"write_timeout=60s",
-				"upstream_timeout=65s",
-				"faas_nats_address=nats",
-				"faas_nats_port=4222",
-			},
-			Image:  "docker.io/openfaas/gateway:0.17.4",
-			Mounts: []pkg.Mount{},
-			Caps:   []string{"CAP_NET_RAW"},
-		},
-		pkg.Service{
-			Name: "queue-worker",
-			Env: []string{
-				"faas_nats_address=nats",
-				"faas_nats_port=4222",
-				"gateway_invoke=true",
-				"faas_gateway_address=gateway",
-				"ack_wait=5m5s",
-				"max_inflight=1",
-				"faas_print_body=true",
-			},
-			Image:  "docker.io/openfaas/queue-worker:0.8.4",
-			Mounts: []pkg.Mount{},
-			Caps:   []string{"CAP_NET_RAW"},
-		},
+	printVersion()
+
+	cfg, err := parseUpFlags(cmd)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	services, err := loadServiceDefinition(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	basicAuthErr := makeBasicAuthFiles(path.Join(cfg.workingDir, "secrets"))
+	if basicAuthErr != nil {
+		return errors.Wrap(basicAuthErr, "cannot create basic-auth-* files")
 	}
 
 	start := time.Now()
@@ -81,18 +71,135 @@ func runUp(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
 	log.Printf("Supervisor created in: %s\n", time.Since(start).String())
 
 	start = time.Now()
+	if err := supervisor.Start(services); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer supervisor.Close()
 
-	err = supervisor.Start(svcs)
+	log.Printf("Supervisor init done in: %s\n", time.Since(start).String())
+
+	shutdownTimeout := time.Second * 1
+	timeout := time.Second * 60
+
+	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		sig := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
+		signal.Notify(sig, syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGINT)
+
+		log.Printf("faasd: waiting for SIGTERM or SIGINT\n")
+		<-sig
+
+		log.Printf("Signal received.. shutting down server in %s\n", shutdownTimeout.String())
+		err := supervisor.Remove(services)
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Println(err)
+		}
+
+		// TODO: close proxies
+		time.AfterFunc(shutdownTimeout, func() {
+			wg.Done()
+		})
+	}()
+
+	localResolver := pkg.NewLocalResolver(path.Join(cfg.workingDir, "hosts"))
+	go localResolver.Start()
+
+	proxies := map[uint32]*pkg.Proxy{}
+	for _, svc := range services {
+		for _, port := range svc.Ports {
+
+			listenPort := port.Port
+			if _, ok := proxies[listenPort]; ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("port %d already allocated", listenPort)
+			}
+
+			hostIP := "0.0.0.0"
+			if len(port.HostIP) > 0 {
+				hostIP = port.HostIP
+			}
+
+			upstream := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", svc.Name, port.TargetPort)
+			proxies[listenPort] = pkg.NewProxy(upstream, listenPort, hostIP, timeout, localResolver)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// TODO: track proxies for later cancellation when receiving sigint/term
+	for _, v := range proxies {
+		go v.Start()
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func makeBasicAuthFiles(wd string) error {
+
+	pwdFile := path.Join(wd, "basic-auth-password")
+	authPassword, err := password.Generate(63, 10, 0, false, true)
 
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	defer supervisor.Close()
+	err = makeFile(pwdFile, authPassword)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
-	log.Printf("Supervisor init done in: %s\n", time.Since(start).String())
-
-	time.Sleep(time.Minute * 120)
+	userFile := path.Join(wd, "basic-auth-user")
+	err = makeFile(userFile, "admin")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+// makeFile will create a file with the specified content if it does not exist yet.
+// if the file already exists, the method is a noop.
+func makeFile(filePath, fileContents string) error {
+	_, err := os.Stat(filePath)
+	if err == nil {
+		log.Printf("File exists: %q\n", filePath)
+		return nil
+	} else if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		log.Printf("Writing to: %q\n", filePath)
+		return ioutil.WriteFile(filePath, []byte(fileContents), workingDirectoryPermission)
+	} else {
+		return err
+	}
+}
+
+// load the docker compose file and then parse it as supervisor Services
+// the logic for loading the compose file comes from the compose reference implementation
+// https://github.com/compose-spec/compose-ref/blob/master/compose-ref.go#L353
+func loadServiceDefinition(cfg upConfig) ([]pkg.Service, error) {
+
+	serviceConfig, err := pkg.LoadComposeFile(cfg.workingDir, cfg.composeFilePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return pkg.ParseCompose(serviceConfig)
+}
+
+// ConfigureUpFlags will define the flags for the `faasd up` command. The flag struct, configure, and
+// parse are split like this to simplify testability.
+func configureUpFlags(flags *flag.FlagSet) {
+	flags.StringP("file", "f", "docker-compose.yaml", "compose file specifying the faasd service configuration")
+}
+
+// ParseUpFlags will load the flag values into an upFlags object. Errors will be underlying
+// Get errors from the pflag library.
+func parseUpFlags(cmd *cobra.Command) (upConfig, error) {
+	parsed := upConfig{}
+	path, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("file")
+	if err != nil {
+		return parsed, errors.Wrap(err, "can not parse compose file path flag")
+	}
+
+	parsed.composeFilePath = path
+	parsed.workingDir = faasdwd
+	return parsed, err
+}

docker-compose.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+version: "3.7"
+services:
+  basic-auth-plugin:
+    image: "docker.io/openfaas/basic-auth-plugin:0.18.18${ARCH_SUFFIX}"
+    environment:
+      - port=8080
+      - secret_mount_path=/run/secrets
+      - user_filename=basic-auth-user
+      - pass_filename=basic-auth-password
+    volumes:
+      # we assume cwd == /var/lib/faasd
+      - type: bind
+        source: ./secrets/basic-auth-password
+        target: /run/secrets/basic-auth-password
+      - type: bind
+        source: ./secrets/basic-auth-user
+        target: /run/secrets/basic-auth-user
+    cap_add:
+      - CAP_NET_RAW
+
+  nats:
+    image: docker.io/library/nats-streaming:0.11.2
+    command:
+      - "/nats-streaming-server"
+      - "-m"
+      - "8222"
+      - "--store=memory"
+      - "--cluster_id=faas-cluster"
+    # ports:
+    #    - "127.0.0.1:8222:8222"
+
+  prometheus:
+    image: docker.io/prom/prometheus:v2.14.0
+    volumes:
+      - type: bind
+        source: ./prometheus.yml
+        target: /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
+    cap_add:
+      - CAP_NET_RAW
+    ports:
+       - "127.0.0.1:9090:9090"
+
+  gateway:
+    image: "docker.io/openfaas/gateway:0.19.1${ARCH_SUFFIX}"
+    environment:
+      - basic_auth=true
+      - functions_provider_url=http://faasd-provider:8081/
+      - direct_functions=false
+      - read_timeout=60s
+      - write_timeout=60s
+      - upstream_timeout=65s
+      - faas_nats_address=nats
+      - faas_nats_port=4222
+      - auth_proxy_url=http://basic-auth-plugin:8080/validate
+      - auth_proxy_pass_body=false
+      - secret_mount_path=/run/secrets
+      - scale_from_zero=true
+    volumes:
+      # we assume cwd == /var/lib/faasd
+      - type: bind
+        source: ./secrets/basic-auth-password
+        target: /run/secrets/basic-auth-password
+      - type: bind
+        source: ./secrets/basic-auth-user
+        target: /run/secrets/basic-auth-user
+    cap_add:
+      - CAP_NET_RAW
+    depends_on:
+      - basic-auth-plugin
+      - nats
+      - prometheus
+    ports:
+       - "8080:8080"
+
+  queue-worker:
+    image: docker.io/openfaas/queue-worker:0.11.2
+    environment:
+      - faas_nats_address=nats
+      - faas_nats_port=4222
+      - gateway_invoke=true
+      - faas_gateway_address=gateway
+      - ack_wait=5m5s
+      - max_inflight=1
+      - write_debug=false
+      - basic_auth=true
+      - secret_mount_path=/run/secrets
+    volumes:
+      # we assume cwd == /var/lib/faasd
+      - type: bind
+        source: ./secrets/basic-auth-password
+        target: /run/secrets/basic-auth-password
+      - type: bind
+        source: ./secrets/basic-auth-user
+        target: /run/secrets/basic-auth-user
+    cap_add:
+      - CAP_NET_RAW
+    depends_on:
+      - nats

docs/DEV.md

@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+## Manual installation of faasd for development
+
+> Note: if you're just wanting to try out faasd, then it's likely that you're on the wrong page. This is a detailed set of instructions for those wanting to contribute or customise faasd. Feel free to go back to the homepage and pick a tutorial instead.
+
+### Pre-reqs
+
+* Linux
+
+    PC / Cloud - any Linux that containerd works on should be fair game, but faasd is tested with Ubuntu 18.04
+
+    For Raspberry Pi Raspbian Stretch or newer also works fine
+
+    For MacOS users try [multipass.run](https://multipass.run) or [Vagrant](https://www.vagrantup.com/)
+
+    For Windows users, install [Git Bash](https://git-scm.com/downloads) along with multipass or vagrant. You can also use WSL1 or WSL2 which provides a Linux environment.
+
+    You will also need [containerd v1.3.5](https://github.com/containerd/containerd) and the [CNI plugins v0.8.5](https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins)
+
+    [faas-cli](https://github.com/openfaas/faas-cli) is optional, but recommended.
+
+If you're using multipass, then allocate sufficient resources:
+
+```sh
+multipass launch \
+  --mem 4G \
+  -c 2 \
+  -n faasd
+
+# Then access its shell
+multipass shell faasd
+```
+
+### Get runc
+
+```sh
+sudo apt update \
+  && sudo apt install -qy \
+    runc \
+    bridge-utils \
+    make
+```
+
+### Get faas-cli (optional)
+
+Having `faas-cli` on your dev machine is useful for testing and debug.
+
+```bash
+curl -sLS https://cli.openfaas.com | sudo sh
+```
+
+#### Install the CNI plugins:
+
+* For PC run `export ARCH=amd64`
+* For RPi/armhf run `export ARCH=arm`
+* For arm64 run `export ARCH=arm64`
+
+Then run:
+
+```sh
+export ARCH=amd64
+export CNI_VERSION=v0.8.5
+
+sudo mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
+curl -sSL https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/${CNI_VERSION}/cni-plugins-linux-${ARCH}-${CNI_VERSION}.tgz | sudo tar -xz -C /opt/cni/bin
+
+# Make a config folder for CNI definitions
+sudo mkdir -p /etc/cni/net.d
+
+# Make an initial loopback configuration
+sudo sh -c 'cat >/etc/cni/net.d/99-loopback.conf <<-EOF
+{
+    "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
+    "type": "loopback"
+}
+EOF'
+```
+
+### Get containerd
+
+You have three options - binaries for PC, binaries for armhf, or build from source.
+
+* Install containerd `x86_64` only
+
+```sh
+export VER=1.3.5
+curl -sSL https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v$VER/containerd-$VER-linux-amd64.tar.gz > /tmp/containerd.tar.gz \
+  && sudo tar -xvf /tmp/containerd.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin/ --strip-components=1
+
+containerd -version
+```
+
+* Or get my containerd binaries for Raspberry Pi (armhf)
+
+    Building `containerd` on armhf is extremely slow, so I've provided binaries for you.
+
+    ```sh
+    curl -sSL https://github.com/alexellis/containerd-armhf/releases/download/v1.3.5/containerd.tgz | sudo tar -xvz --strip-components=2 -C /usr/local/bin/
+    ```
+
+* Or clone / build / install [containerd](https://github.com/containerd/containerd) from source:
+
+    ```sh
+    export GOPATH=$HOME/go/
+    mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/containerd
+    cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/containerd
+    git clone https://github.com/containerd/containerd
+    cd containerd
+    git fetch origin --tags
+    git checkout v1.3.5
+
+    make
+    sudo make install
+
+    containerd --version
+    ```
+
+#### Ensure containerd is running
+
+```sh
+curl -sLS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/v1.3.5/containerd.service > /tmp/containerd.service
+
+# Extend the timeouts for low-performance VMs
+echo "[Manager]" | tee -a /tmp/containerd.service
+echo "DefaultTimeoutStartSec=3m" | tee -a /tmp/containerd.service
+
+sudo cp /tmp/containerd.service /lib/systemd/system/
+sudo systemctl enable containerd
+
+sudo systemctl daemon-reload
+sudo systemctl restart containerd
+```
+
+Or run ad-hoc. This step can be useful for exploring why containerd might fail to start.
+
+```sh
+sudo containerd &
+```
+
+#### Enable forwarding
+
+> This is required to allow containers in containerd to access the Internet via your computer's primary network interface.
+
+```sh
+sudo /sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1
+```
+
+Make the setting permanent:
+
+```sh
+echo "net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1" | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
+```
+
+### Hacking (build from source)
+
+#### Get build packages
+
+```sh
+sudo apt update \
+  && sudo apt install -qy \
+    runc \
+    bridge-utils \
+    make
+```
+
+You may find alternative package names for CentOS and other Linux distributions.
+
+#### Install Go 1.13 (x86_64)
+
+```sh
+curl -sSLf https://dl.google.com/go/go1.13.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz > /tmp/go.tgz
+sudo rm -rf /usr/local/go/
+sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/go/
+sudo tar -xvf /tmp/go.tgz -C /usr/local/go/ --strip-components=1
+
+export GOPATH=$HOME/go/
+export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin/
+
+go version
+```
+
+You should also add the following to `~/.bash_profile`:
+
+```sh
+echo "export GOPATH=\$HOME/go/" | tee -a $HOME/.bash_profile
+echo "export PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin/" | tee -a $HOME/.bash_profile
+```
+
+#### Or on Raspberry Pi (armhf)
+
+```sh
+curl -SLsf https://dl.google.com/go/go1.13.6.linux-armv6l.tar.gz > go.tgz
+sudo rm -rf /usr/local/go/
+sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/go/
+sudo tar -xvf go.tgz -C /usr/local/go/ --strip-components=1
+
+export GOPATH=$HOME/go/
+export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin/
+
+go version
+```
+
+#### Clone faasd and its systemd unit files
+
+```sh
+mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/openfaas/
+cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/openfaas/
+git clone https://github.com/openfaas/faasd
+```
+
+#### Build `faasd` from source (optional)
+
+```sh
+cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/openfaas/faasd
+cd faasd
+make local
+
+# Install the binary
+sudo cp bin/faasd /usr/local/bin
+```
+
+#### Or, download and run `faasd` (binaries)
+
+```sh
+# For x86_64
+export SUFFIX=""
+
+# armhf
+export SUFFIX="-armhf"
+
+# arm64
+export SUFFIX="-arm64"
+
+# Then download
+curl -fSLs "https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/releases/download/0.9.5/faasd$SUFFIX" \
+    -o "/tmp/faasd" \
+    && chmod +x "/tmp/faasd" 
+sudo mv /tmp/faasd /usr/local/bin/
+```
+
+#### Install `faasd`
+
+This step installs faasd as a systemd unit file, creates files in `/var/lib/faasd`, and writes out networking configuration for the CNI bridge networking plugin.
+
+```sh
+sudo faasd install
+
+2020/02/17 17:38:06 Writing to: "/var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password"
+2020/02/17 17:38:06 Writing to: "/var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-user"
+Login with:
+  sudo cat /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password | faas-cli login -s
+```
+
+You can now log in either from this machine or a remote machine using the OpenFaaS UI, or CLI.
+
+Check that faasd is ready:
+
+```
+sudo journalctl -u faasd
+```
+
+You should see output like:
+
+```
+Feb 17 17:46:35 gold-survive faasd[4140]: 2020/02/17 17:46:35 Starting faasd proxy on 8080
+Feb 17 17:46:35 gold-survive faasd[4140]: Gateway: 10.62.0.5:8080
+Feb 17 17:46:35 gold-survive faasd[4140]: 2020/02/17 17:46:35 [proxy] Wait for done
+Feb 17 17:46:35 gold-survive faasd[4140]: 2020/02/17 17:46:35 [proxy] Begin listen on 8080
+```
+
+To get the CLI for the command above run:
+
+```sh
+curl -sSLf https://cli.openfaas.com | sudo sh
+```
+
+#### Make a change to `faasd`
+
+There are two components you can hack on:
+
+For function CRUD you will work on `faasd provider` which is started from `cmd/provider.go`
+
+For faasd itself, you will work on the code from `faasd up`, which is started from `cmd/up.go`
+
+Before working on either, stop the systemd services:
+
+```
+sudo systemctl stop faasd &    # up command
+sudo systemctl stop faasd-provider   # provider command
+```
+
+Here is a workflow you can use for each code change:
+
+Enter the directory of the source code, and build a new binary:
+
+```bash
+cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/openfaas/faasd
+go build
+```
+
+Copy that binary to `/usr/local/bin/`
+
+```bash
+cp faasd /usr/local/bin/
+```
+
+To run `faasd up`, run it from its working directory as root
+
+```bash
+sudo -i
+cd /var/lib/faasd
+
+faasd up
+```
+
+Now to run `faasd provider`, run it from its working directory:
+
+```bash
+sudo -i
+cd /var/lib/faasd-provider
+
+faasd provider
+```
+
+#### At run-time
+
+Look in `hosts` in the current working folder or in `/var/lib/faasd/` to get the IP for the gateway or Prometheus
+
+```sh
+127.0.0.1      localhost
+10.62.0.1      faasd-provider
+
+10.62.0.2      prometheus
+10.62.0.3      gateway
+10.62.0.4      nats
+10.62.0.5      queue-worker
+```
+
+The IP addresses are dynamic and may change on every launch.
+
+Since faasd-provider uses containerd heavily it is not running as a container, but as a stand-alone process. Its port is available via the bridge interface, i.e. `openfaas0`
+
+* Prometheus will run on the Prometheus IP plus port 8080 i.e. http://[prometheus_ip]:9090/targets
+
+* faasd-provider runs on 10.62.0.1:8081, i.e. directly on the host, and accessible via the bridge interface from CNI.
+
+* Now go to the gateway's IP address as shown above on port 8080, i.e. http://[gateway_ip]:8080 - you can also use this address to deploy OpenFaaS Functions via the `faas-cli`. 
+
+* basic-auth
+
+    You will then need to get the basic-auth password, it is written to `/var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password` if you followed the above instructions.
+The default Basic Auth username is `admin`, which is written to `/var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-user`, if you wish to use a non-standard user then create this file and add your username (no newlines or other characters) 
+
+#### Installation with systemd
+
+* `faasd install` - install faasd and containerd with systemd, this must be run from `$GOPATH/src/github.com/openfaas/faasd`
+* `journalctl -u faasd -f` - faasd service logs
+* `journalctl -u faasd-provider -f` - faasd-provider service logs

docs/MULTIPASS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+# Tutorial - faasd with multipass
+
+## Get up and running with your own faasd installation on your Mac
+
+[multipass from Canonical](https://multipass.run) is like Docker Desktop, but for getting Ubuntu instead of a Docker daemon. It works on MacOS, Linux, and Windows with the same consistent UX. It's not fully open-source, and uses some proprietary add-ons / binaries, but is free to use.
+
+For Linux using Ubuntu, you can install the packages directly, or use `sudo snap install multipass --classic` and follow this tutorial. For Raspberry Pi, [see my tutorial here](https://blog.alexellis.io/faasd-for-lightweight-serverless/).
+
+John McCabe has also tested faasd on Windows with multipass, [see his tweet](https://twitter.com/mccabejohn/status/1221899154672308224).
+
+## Use-case:
+
+Try out [faasd](https://github.com/openfaas/faasd) in a single command using a cloud-config file to get a VM which has:
+
+* port 22 for administration and
+* port 8080 for the OpenFaaS REST API.
+
+![Example](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EPNQz00W4AEwDxM?format=jpg&name=medium)
+
+The above screenshot is [from my tweet](https://twitter.com/alexellisuk/status/1221408788395298819/), feel free to comment there.
+
+It took me about 2-3 minutes to run through everything after installing multipass.
+
+## Let's start the tutorial
+
+* Get [multipass.run](https://multipass.run)
+
+* Get my cloud-config.txt file
+
+```sh
+curl -sSLO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openfaas/faasd/master/cloud-config.txt
+```
+
+* Update the SSH key to match your own, edit `cloud-config.txt`:
+
+Replace the 2nd line with the contents of `~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub`:
+
+```
+ssh_authorized_keys:
+  - ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC8Q/aUYUr3P1XKVucnO9mlWxOjJm+K01lHJR90MkHC9zbfTqlp8P7C3J26zKAuzHXOeF+VFxETRr6YedQKW9zp5oP7sN+F2gr/pO7GV3VmOqHMV7uKfyUQfq7H1aVzLfCcI7FwN2Zekv3yB7kj35pbsMa1Za58aF6oHRctZU6UWgXXbRxP+B04DoVU7jTstQ4GMoOCaqYhgPHyjEAS3DW0kkPW6HzsvJHkxvVcVlZ/wNJa1Ie/yGpzOzWIN0Ol0t2QT/RSWOhfzO1A2P0XbPuZ04NmriBonO9zR7T1fMNmmtTuK7WazKjQT3inmYRAqU6pe8wfX8WIWNV7OowUjUsv alex@alexr.local
+```
+
+* Boot the VM
+
+```sh
+multipass launch --cloud-init cloud-config.txt  --name faasd
+```
+
+* Get the VM's IP and connect with `ssh`
+
+```sh
+multipass info faasd
+Name:           faasd
+State:          Running
+IPv4:           192.168.64.14
+Release:        Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS
+Image hash:     a720c34066dc (Ubuntu 18.04 LTS)
+Load:           0.79 0.19 0.06
+Disk usage:     1.1G out of 4.7G
+Memory usage:   145.6M out of 985.7M
+```
+
+Set the variable `IP`:
+
+```
+export IP="192.168.64.14"
+```
+
+You can also try to use `jq` to get the IP into a variable:
+
+```sh
+export IP=$(multipass info faasd --format json| jq '.info.faasd.ipv4[0]' | tr -d '\"')
+```
+
+Connect to the IP listed:
+
+```sh
+ssh ubuntu@$IP
+```
+
+Log out once you know it works.
+
+* Let's capture the authentication password into a file for use with `faas-cli`
+
+```
+ssh ubuntu@$IP "sudo cat /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password" > basic-auth-password
+```
+
+## Try faasd (OpenFaaS)
+
+* Login from your laptop (the host)
+
+```
+export OPENFAAS_URL=http://$IP:8080
+cat basic-auth-password | faas-cli login -s
+```
+
+* Deploy a function and invoke it
+
+```
+faas-cli store deploy figlet --env write_timeout=1s
+echo "faasd" | faas-cli invoke figlet
+
+faas-cli describe figlet
+
+# Run async
+curl -i -d "faasd-async" $OPENFAAS_URL/async-function/figlet
+
+# Run async with a callback
+
+curl -i -d "faasd-async" -H "X-Callback-Url: http://some-request-bin.com/path" $OPENFAAS_URL/async-function/figlet
+```
+
+You can also checkout the other store functions: `faas-cli store list`
+
+* Try the UI
+
+Head over to the UI from your laptop and remember that your password is in the `basic-auth-password` file. The username is `admin.:
+
+```
+echo http://$IP:8080
+```
+
+* Stop/start the instance
+
+```sh
+multipass stop faasd
+```
+
+* Delete, if you want to:
+
+```
+multipass delete --purge faasd
+```
+
+You now have a faasd appliance on your Mac. You can also use this cloud-init file with public cloud like AWS or DigitalOcean.
+
+* If you want a public IP for your faasd VM, then just head over to [inlets.dev](https://inlets.dev/)
+* Try my more complete walk-through / tutorial with Raspberry Pi, or run the same steps on your multipass VM, including how to develop your own functions and services - https://blog.alexellis.io/faasd-for-lightweight-serverless/
+* You might also like [Building containers without Docker](https://blog.alexellis.io/building-containers-without-docker/)
+* Star/fork [faasd](https://github.com/openfaas/faasd) on GitHub

docs/bootstrap/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+/.terraform/
+/terraform.tfstate
+/terraform.tfstate.backup

docs/bootstrap/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# Bootstrap faasd on Digitalocean
+
+1) [Sign up to DigitalOcean](https://www.digitalocean.com/?refcode=2962aa9e56a1&utm_campaign=Referral_Invite&utm_medium=Referral_Program&utm_source=CopyPaste)
+2) [Download Terraform](https://www.terraform.io)
+3) Clone this gist using the URL from the address bar
+4) Run `terraform init`
+5) Run `terraform apply -var="do_token=$(cat $HOME/digitalocean-access-token)"`
+6) View the output for the login command and gateway URL i.e.
+
+```
+gateway_url = http://178.128.39.201:8080/
+login_cmd = faas-cli login -g http://178.128.39.201:8080/ -p rvIU49CEcFcHmqxj
+password = rvIU49CEcFcHmqxj
+```
+
+Note that the user-data may take a couple of minutes to come up since it will be pulling in various components and preparing the machine.
+
+A single host with 1GB of RAM will be deployed for you, to remove at a later date simply use `terraform destroy`.
+
+If required, you can remove the VM via `terraform destroy -var="do_token=$(cat $HOME/digitalocean-access-token)"`

docs/bootstrap/cloud-config.tpl

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#cloud-config
+ssh_authorized_keys:
+## Note: Replace with your own public key
+  - ${ssh_key}
+
+package_update: true
+
+packages:
+ - runc
+
+runcmd:
+- curl -sLSf https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.3.5/containerd-1.3.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz > /tmp/containerd.tar.gz && tar -xvf /tmp/containerd.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin/ --strip-components=1
+- curl -SLfs https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/v1.3.5/containerd.service | tee /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
+- systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start containerd
+- /sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1
+- mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
+- curl -sSL https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.5/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.5.tgz | tar -xz -C /opt/cni/bin
+- mkdir -p /go/src/github.com/openfaas/
+- mkdir -p /var/lib/faasd/secrets/
+- echo ${gw_password} > /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password
+- echo admin > /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-user
+- cd /go/src/github.com/openfaas/ && git clone --depth 1 --branch 0.9.5 https://github.com/openfaas/faasd
+- curl -fSLs "https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/releases/download/0.9.5/faasd" --output "/usr/local/bin/faasd" && chmod a+x "/usr/local/bin/faasd"
+- cd /go/src/github.com/openfaas/faasd/ && /usr/local/bin/faasd install
+- systemctl status -l containerd --no-pager
+- journalctl -u faasd-provider --no-pager
+- systemctl status -l faasd-provider --no-pager
+- systemctl status -l faasd --no-pager
+- curl -sSLf https://cli.openfaas.com | sh
+- sleep 5 && journalctl -u faasd --no-pager

docs/bootstrap/digitalocean-terraform/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+/.terraform/
+/terraform.tfstate
+/terraform.tfstate.backup

docs/bootstrap/digitalocean-terraform/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Bootstrap faasd with TLS support on Digitalocean
+
+1) [Sign up to DigitalOcean](https://www.digitalocean.com/?refcode=2962aa9e56a1&utm_campaign=Referral_Invite&utm_medium=Referral_Program&utm_source=CopyPaste)
+2) [Download Terraform](https://www.terraform.io)
+3) Clone this gist using the URL from the address bar
+4) Run `terraform init`
+5) Configure terraform variables as needed by updating the `main.tfvars` file:
+
+   | Variable     | Description         | Default         |
+   | ------------ | ------------------- | --------------- |
+   | `do_token` | Digitalocean API token | None |
+   | `do_domain` | Public domain used for the faasd gateway | None |
+   | `do_subdomain` | Public subdomain used for the faasd gateway | `faasd` |
+   | `letsencrypt_email` | Email used by when ordering TLS certificate from Letsencrypt | `""` |
+   | `do_create_record` | When set to `true`, a new DNS record will be created. This works only if your domain (`do_domain`) is managed by Digitalocean | `false` |
+   | `do_region` | Digitalocean region for creating the droplet | `fra1` |
+   | `ssh_key_file` | Path to public SSH key file |`~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub` |
+
+> Environment variables can also be used to set terraform variables when running the `terraform apply` command using the format `TF_VAR_name`.
+
+6) Run `terraform apply`
+   1) Add `-var-file=main.tfvars` if you have set the variables in `main.tfvars`.
+   2) OR [use environment variables](https://www.terraform.io/docs/commands/environment-variables.html#tf_var_name) for setting the terraform variables when running the `apply` command
+
+7) View the output for the login command and gateway URL i.e.
+
+```
+droplet_ip = 178.128.39.201
+gateway_url = https://faasd.example.com/
+login_cmd = faas-cli login -g https://faasd.example.com/ -p rvIU49CEcFcHmqxj
+password = rvIU49CEcFcHmqxj
+```
+8) Use your browser to access the OpenFaaS interface
+
+Note that the user-data may take a couple of minutes to come up since it will be pulling in various components and preparing the machine. 
+Also take into consideration the DNS propagation time for the new DNS record.
+
+A single host with 1GB of RAM will be deployed for you, to remove at a later date simply use `terraform destroy`.

docs/bootstrap/digitalocean-terraform/cloud-config.tpl

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#cloud-config
+ssh_authorized_keys:
+  - ${ssh_key}
+
+groups:
+  - caddy
+
+users:
+  - name: caddy
+    gecos: Caddy web server
+    primary_group: caddy
+    groups: caddy
+    shell: /usr/sbin/nologin
+    homedir: /var/lib/caddy
+
+write_files:
+- content: |
+    {
+      email ${letsencrypt_email}
+    }
+
+    ${faasd_domain_name} {
+      reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:8080
+    }
+
+  path: /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
+
+package_update: true
+
+packages:
+ - runc
+
+runcmd:
+- curl -sLSf https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.3.5/containerd-1.3.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz > /tmp/containerd.tar.gz && tar -xvf /tmp/containerd.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin/ --strip-components=1
+- curl -SLfs https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/v1.3.5/containerd.service | tee /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
+- systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start containerd
+- /sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1
+- mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
+- curl -sSL https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.5/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.5.tgz | tar -xz -C /opt/cni/bin
+- mkdir -p /go/src/github.com/openfaas/
+- mkdir -p /var/lib/faasd/secrets/
+- echo ${gw_password} > /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password
+- echo admin > /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-user
+- cd /go/src/github.com/openfaas/ && git clone --depth 1 --branch 0.9.5 https://github.com/openfaas/faasd
+- curl -fSLs "https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/releases/download/0.9.5/faasd" --output "/usr/local/bin/faasd" && chmod a+x "/usr/local/bin/faasd"
+- cd /go/src/github.com/openfaas/faasd/ && /usr/local/bin/faasd install
+- systemctl status -l containerd --no-pager
+- journalctl -u faasd-provider --no-pager
+- systemctl status -l faasd-provider --no-pager
+- systemctl status -l faasd --no-pager
+- curl -sSLf https://cli.openfaas.com | sh
+- sleep 5 && journalctl -u faasd --no-pager
+- wget https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases/download/v2.1.1/caddy_2.1.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz -O /tmp/caddy.tar.gz && tar -zxvf /tmp/caddy.tar.gz -C /usr/bin/ caddy
+- wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/caddyserver/dist/master/init/caddy.service -O /etc/systemd/system/caddy.service
+- systemctl daemon-reload
+- systemctl enable caddy
+- systemctl start caddy

docs/bootstrap/digitalocean-terraform/main.tf

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+terraform {
+  required_version = ">= 0.12"
+}
+
+variable "do_token" {
+  description = "Digitalocean API token"
+}
+variable "do_domain" {
+  description = "Your public domain"
+}
+variable "do_subdomain" {
+  description = "Your public subdomain"
+  default = "faasd"
+}
+variable "letsencrypt_email" {
+  description = "Email used to order a certificate from Letsencrypt"
+}
+variable "do_create_record" {
+  default     = false
+  description = "Whether to create a DNS record on Digitalocean"
+}
+variable "do_region" {
+  default     = "fra1"
+  description = "The Digitalocean region where the faasd droplet will be created."
+}
+variable "ssh_key_file" {
+  default     = "~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
+  description = "Path to the SSH public key file"
+}
+
+provider "digitalocean" {
+  token = var.do_token
+}
+
+data "local_file" "ssh_key"{
+  filename = pathexpand(var.ssh_key_file)
+}
+
+resource "random_password" "password" {
+  length = 16
+  special = true
+  override_special = "_-#"
+}
+
+data "template_file" "cloud_init" {
+  template = "${file("cloud-config.tpl")}"
+    vars = {
+      gw_password=random_password.password.result,
+      ssh_key=data.local_file.ssh_key.content,
+      faasd_domain_name="${var.do_subdomain}.${var.do_domain}"
+      letsencrypt_email=var.letsencrypt_email
+    }
+}
+
+resource "digitalocean_droplet" "faasd" {
+  region = var.do_region
+  image  = "ubuntu-18-04-x64"
+  name   = "faasd"
+  size = "s-1vcpu-1gb"
+  user_data = data.template_file.cloud_init.rendered
+}
+
+resource "digitalocean_record" "faasd" {
+  domain = var.do_domain
+  type   = "A"
+  name   = "faasd"
+  value  = digitalocean_droplet.faasd.ipv4_address
+  # Only creates record if do_create_record is true
+  count  = var.do_create_record == true ? 1 : 0
+}
+
+output "droplet_ip" {
+  value = digitalocean_droplet.faasd.ipv4_address
+}
+
+output "gateway_url" {
+  value = "https://${var.do_subdomain}.${var.do_domain}/"
+}
+
+output "password" {
+    value = random_password.password.result
+}
+
+output "login_cmd" {
+  value = "faas-cli login -g https://${var.do_subdomain}.${var.do_domain}/ -p ${random_password.password.result}"
+}

docs/bootstrap/digitalocean-terraform/main.tfvars

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+do_token          = ""
+do_domain         = ""
+do_subdomain      = ""
+letsencrypt_email = ""

docs/bootstrap/main.tf

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+terraform {
+  required_version = ">= 0.12"
+}
+
+variable "do_token" {}
+
+variable "ssh_key_file" {
+  default     = "~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
+  description = "Path to the SSH public key file"
+}
+
+provider "digitalocean" {
+  token = var.do_token	
+}
+
+resource "random_password" "password" {
+  length = 16
+  special = true
+  override_special = "_-#"
+}
+
+data "local_file" "ssh_key"{
+  filename = pathexpand(var.ssh_key_file)
+}
+
+data "template_file" "cloud_init" {
+  template = "${file("cloud-config.tpl")}"
+    vars = {
+      gw_password=random_password.password.result,
+      ssh_key=data.local_file.ssh_key.content,
+    }
+}
+
+resource "digitalocean_droplet" "faasd" {
+
+  region = "lon1"
+  image  = "ubuntu-18-04-x64"
+  name   = "faasd"
+  # Plans: https://developers.digitalocean.com/documentation/changelog/api-v2/new-size-slugs-for-droplet-plan-changes/
+  #size   = "512mb"
+  size = "s-1vcpu-1gb"
+  user_data = data.template_file.cloud_init.rendered
+}
+
+output "password" {
+    value = random_password.password.result
+}
+
+output "gateway_url" {
+  value = "http://${digitalocean_droplet.faasd.ipv4_address}:8080/"
+}
+
+output "login_cmd" {
+  value = "faas-cli login -g http://${digitalocean_droplet.faasd.ipv4_address}:8080/ -p ${random_password.password.result}"
+}
+

go.mod

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+module github.com/openfaas/faasd
+
+go 1.13
+
+require (
+	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.7-0.20190820203702-9e921883ac92 // indirect
+	github.com/alexellis/go-execute v0.0.0-20200124154445-8697e4e28c5e
+	github.com/alexellis/k3sup v0.0.0-20200607084134-629c0bc6b50f
+	github.com/compose-spec/compose-go v0.0.0-20200528042322-36d8ce368e05
+	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.3.2
+	github.com/containerd/continuity v0.0.0-20190815185530-f2a389ac0a02 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/fifo v0.0.0-20190816180239-bda0ff6ed73c // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/go-cni v0.0.0-20200107172653-c154a49e2c75
+	github.com/containerd/ttrpc v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/typeurl v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20191104093116-d3cd4ed1dbcf
+	github.com/docker/cli v0.0.0-20191105005515-99c5edceb48d
+	github.com/docker/distribution v2.7.1-0.20190205005809-0d3efadf0154+incompatible
+	github.com/docker/docker v17.12.0-ce-rc1.0.20191113042239-ea84732a7725+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.6.3 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-events v0.0.0-20170721190031-9461782956ad // indirect
+	github.com/gogo/googleapis v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20191027212112-611e8accdfc9 // indirect
+	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.7.3
+	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.9 // indirect
+	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0
+	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0-rc1.0.20180430190053-c9281466c8b2 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.0.0-rc9 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.0.2-0.20190207185410-29686dbc5559
+	github.com/openfaas/faas v0.0.0-20191227175319-80b6976c1063
+	github.com/openfaas/faas-provider v0.15.1
+	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1
+	github.com/sethvargo/go-password v0.1.3
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v0.0.5
+	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5
+	github.com/syndtr/gocapability v0.0.0-20180916011248-d98352740cb2 // indirect
+	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.1.0
+	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.0-20191106174202-0a2b9b5464df
+	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb // indirect
+	go.opencensus.io v0.22.2 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20191209160850-c0dbc17a3553 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20191219235734-af0d71d358ab
+	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20191216205247-b31c10ee225f // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.23.0 // indirect
+	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.18.9
+)

go.sum

@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
+github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.14 h1:+hMXMk01us9KgxGb7ftKQt2Xpf5hH/yky+TDA+qxleU=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.14/go.mod h1:qXqCSQ3Xa7+6tgxaGTIe4Kpcdsi+P8jBhyzoq1bpyYA=
+github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.7-0.20190820203702-9e921883ac92 h1:LbNLS5KKzW/L4K2scH5rzTA5MvRWiUfcWv4Qh/6D3wY=
+github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.7-0.20190820203702-9e921883ac92/go.mod h1:nvUXb1s75kCTKHWZ1FGlut+PBI9D9EoQHCKcil2Cyps=
+github.com/NYTimes/gziphandler v0.0.0-20170623195520-56545f4a5d46/go.mod h1:3wb06e3pkSAbeQ52E9H9iFoQsEEwGN64994WTCIhntQ=
+github.com/PuerkitoBio/purell v1.0.0/go.mod h1:c11w/QuzBsJSee3cPx9rAFu61PvFxuPbtSwDGJws/X0=
+github.com/PuerkitoBio/urlesc v0.0.0-20160726150825-5bd2802263f2/go.mod h1:uGdkoq3SwY9Y+13GIhn11/XLaGBb4BfwItxLd5jeuXE=
+github.com/alexellis/go-execute v0.0.0-20191207085904-961405ea7544/go.mod h1:zfRbgnPVxXCSpiKrg1CE72hNUWInqxExiaz2D9ppTts=
+github.com/alexellis/go-execute v0.0.0-20200124154445-8697e4e28c5e h1:0cv4CUENL7e67/ZlNrvExWqa6oKH/9iv0KQn0/+hYaY=
+github.com/alexellis/go-execute v0.0.0-20200124154445-8697e4e28c5e/go.mod h1:zfRbgnPVxXCSpiKrg1CE72hNUWInqxExiaz2D9ppTts=
+github.com/alexellis/k3sup v0.0.0-20200607084134-629c0bc6b50f h1:GYVsHjM9/lyu0QBfNp1RThZNDrmRJncpSYtaektq9t0=
+github.com/alexellis/k3sup v0.0.0-20200607084134-629c0bc6b50f/go.mod h1:slULyLX94hIIP3/eVeZqQAqOwpLYK9Pljr8SfaR2nWI=
+github.com/armon/consul-api v0.0.0-20180202201655-eb2c6b5be1b6/go.mod h1:grANhF5doyWs3UAsr3K4I6qtAmlQcZDesFNEHPZAzj8=
+github.com/blang/semver v3.1.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:kRBLl5iJ+tD4TcOOxsy/0fnwebNt5EWlYSAyrTnjyyk=
+github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
+github.com/compose-spec/compose-go v0.0.0-20200528042322-36d8ce368e05 h1:3CoRXflT4IAdIpsFTqZBlLuHOkHYhBvW0iijkQKm4QY=
+github.com/compose-spec/compose-go v0.0.0-20200528042322-36d8ce368e05/go.mod h1:y75QUr1jcR5aFNf3Tj3dhwnujABGz6UaRrZ5qZwF1cc=
+github.com/containerd/console v0.0.0-20180822173158-c12b1e7919c1/go.mod h1:Tj/on1eG8kiEhd0+fhSDzsPAFESxzBBvdyEgyryXffw=
+github.com/containerd/containerd v0.0.0-20190214164719-faec567304bb/go.mod h1:bC6axHOhabU15QhwfG7w5PipXdVtMXFTttgp+kVtyUA=
+github.com/containerd/containerd v1.3.2 h1:ForxmXkA6tPIvffbrDAcPUIB32QgXkt2XFj+F0UxetA=
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+gotest.tools v2.2.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:DsYFclhRJ6vuDpmuTbkuFWG+y2sxOXAzmJt81HFBacw=
+gotest.tools/v3 v3.0.2 h1:kG1BFyqVHuQoVQiR1bWGnfz/fmHvvuiSPIV7rvl360E=
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hack/build-containerd-armhf.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+export ARCH="armv6l"
+echo "Downloading Go"
+
+curl -SLsf https://dl.google.com/go/go1.12.14.linux-$ARCH.tar.gz --output /tmp/go.tgz
+sudo rm -rf /usr/local/go/
+sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/go/
+sudo tar -xvf /tmp/go.tgz -C /usr/local/go/ --strip-components=1
+
+export GOPATH=$HOME/go/
+export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin/
+
+go version
+
+echo "Building containerd"
+
+mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/containerd
+cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/containerd
+git clone https://github.com/containerd/containerd
+
+cd containerd
+git fetch origin --tags
+git checkout v1.3.2
+
+make
+sudo make install
+
+sudo containerd --version

hack/build-containerd.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+export ARCH="amd64"
+echo "Downloading Go"
+
+curl -SLsf https://dl.google.com/go/go1.12.14.linux-$ARCH.tar.gz --output /tmp/go.tgz
+sudo rm -rf /usr/local/go/
+sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/go/
+sudo tar -xvf /tmp/go.tgz -C /usr/local/go/ --strip-components=1
+
+export GOPATH=$HOME/go/
+export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin/
+
+go version
+
+echo "Building containerd"
+
+mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/containerd
+cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/containerd
+git clone https://github.com/containerd/containerd
+
+cd containerd
+git fetch origin --tags
+git checkout v1.3.2
+
+make
+sudo make install
+
+sudo containerd --version

hack/faasd-provider.service

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=faasd-provider
+
+[Service]
+MemoryLimit=500M
+Environment="secret_mount_path={{.SecretMountPath}}"
+Environment="basic_auth=true"
+ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/faasd provider
+Restart=on-failure
+RestartSec=10s
+WorkingDirectory={{.Cwd}}
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target

hack/faasd.service

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+[Unit]
+Description=faasd
+After=faasd-provider.service
+
+[Service]
+MemoryLimit=500M
+ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/faasd up
+Restart=on-failure
+RestartSec=10s
+WorkingDirectory={{.Cwd}}
+
+[Install]
+WantedBy=multi-user.target

hack/install.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Copyright OpenFaaS Author(s) 2020
+
+#########################
+# Repo specific content #
+#########################
+
+export OWNER="openfaas"
+export REPO="faasd"
+
+version=""
+
+echo "Finding latest version from GitHub"
+version=$(curl -sI https://github.com/$OWNER/$REPO/releases/latest | grep -i location | awk -F"/" '{ printf "%s", $NF }' | tr -d '\r')
+echo "$version"
+
+if [ ! $version ]; then
+  echo "Failed while attempting to get latest version"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+SUDO=sudo
+if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then
+  SUDO=
+fi
+
+verify_system() {
+  if ! [ -d /run/systemd ]; then
+    fatal 'Can not find systemd to use as a process supervisor for faasd'
+  fi
+}
+
+has_yum() {
+  [ -n "$(command -v yum)" ]
+}
+
+has_apt_get() {
+  [ -n "$(command -v apt-get)" ]
+}
+
+install_required_packages() {
+  if $(has_apt_get); then
+    $SUDO apt-get update -y
+    $SUDO apt-get install -y curl runc bridge-utils
+  elif $(has_yum); then
+    $SUDO yum check-update -y
+    $SUDO yum install -y curl runc
+  else
+    fatal "Could not find apt-get or yum. Cannot install dependencies on this OS."
+    exit 1
+  fi
+}
+
+install_cni_plugins() {
+  cni_version=v0.8.5
+  suffix=""
+  arch=$(uname -m)
+  case $arch in
+  x86_64 | amd64)
+    suffix=amd64
+    ;;
+  arm*)
+    suffix=arm
+    ;;
+  *)
+    fatal "Unsupported architecture $arch"
+    ;;
+  esac
+
+  $SUDO mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
+  curl -sSL https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/${cni_version}/cni-plugins-linux-${suffix}-${cni_version}.tgz | $SUDO tar -xvz -C /opt/cni/bin
+}
+
+install_containerd() {
+  arch=$(uname -m)
+  case $arch in
+  x86_64 | amd64)
+    curl -sLSf https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.3.7/containerd-1.3.7-linux-amd64.tar.gz | $SUDO tar -xvz --strip-components=1 -C /usr/local/bin/
+    ;;
+  armv7l)
+    curl -sSL https://github.com/alexellis/containerd-arm/releases/download/v1.3.5/containerd-1.3.5-linux-armhf.tar.gz | $SUDO tar -xvz --strip-components=1 -C /usr/local/bin/
+    ;;
+  aarch64)
+    curl -sSL https://github.com/alexellis/containerd-arm/releases/download/v1.3.5/containerd-1.3.5-linux-arm64.tar.gz | $SUDO tar -xvz --strip-components=1 -C /usr/local/bin/
+    ;;
+  *)
+    fatal "Unsupported architecture $arch"
+    ;;
+  esac
+
+  $SUDO curl -SLfs https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/v1.3.5/containerd.service --output /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
+
+  $SUDO systemctl enable containerd
+  $SUDO systemctl start containerd
+
+  sleep 5
+}
+
+install_faasd() {
+  arch=$(uname -m)
+  case $arch in
+  x86_64 | amd64)
+    suffix=""
+    ;;
+  aarch64)
+    suffix=-arm64
+    ;;
+  armv7l)
+    suffix=-armhf
+    ;;
+  *)
+    echo "Unsupported architecture $arch"
+    exit 1
+    ;;
+  esac
+
+  $SUDO curl -fSLs "https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/releases/download/${version}/faasd${suffix}" --output "/usr/local/bin/faasd"
+  $SUDO chmod a+x "/usr/local/bin/faasd"
+
+  mkdir -p /tmp/faasd-${version}-installation/hack
+  cd /tmp/faasd-${version}-installation
+  $SUDO curl -fSLs "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openfaas/faasd/${version}/docker-compose.yaml" --output "docker-compose.yaml"
+  $SUDO curl -fSLs "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openfaas/faasd/${version}/prometheus.yml" --output "prometheus.yml"
+  $SUDO curl -fSLs "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openfaas/faasd/${version}/resolv.conf" --output "resolv.conf"
+  $SUDO curl -fSLs "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openfaas/faasd/${version}/hack/faasd-provider.service" --output "hack/faasd-provider.service"
+  $SUDO curl -fSLs "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openfaas/faasd/${version}/hack/faasd.service" --output "hack/faasd.service"
+  $SUDO /usr/local/bin/faasd install
+
+  sleep 5
+}
+
+verify_system
+install_required_packages
+
+/sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1
+echo "net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1" | $SUDO tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
+
+install_cni_plugins
+install_containerd
+install_faasd

main.go

@@ -1,16 +1,38 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
 
-	"github.com/alexellis/faasd/cmd"
-	"github.com/alexellis/faasd/pkg"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/cmd"
+)
+
+// These values will be injected into these variables at the build time.
+var (
+	// GitCommit Git Commit SHA
+	GitCommit string
+	// Version version of the CLI
+	Version string
 )
 
 func main() {
-	if err := cmd.Execute(pkg.Version, pkg.GitCommit); err != nil {
+
+	if _, ok := os.LookupEnv("CONTAINER_ID"); ok {
+		collect := cmd.RootCommand()
+		collect.SetArgs([]string{"collect"})
+		collect.SilenceUsage = true
+		collect.SilenceErrors = true
+
+		err := collect.Execute()
+		if err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, err.Error())
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+		os.Exit(0)
+	}
+
+	if err := cmd.Execute(Version, GitCommit); err != nil {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	return
-
 }

pkg/cninetwork/cni_network.go

@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+package cninetwork
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
+	gocni "github.com/containerd/go-cni"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+)
+
+const (
+	// CNIBinDir describes the directory where the CNI binaries are stored
+	CNIBinDir = "/opt/cni/bin"
+	// CNIConfDir describes the directory where the CNI plugin's configuration is stored
+	CNIConfDir = "/etc/cni/net.d"
+	// NetNSPathFmt gives the path to the a process network namespace, given the pid
+	NetNSPathFmt = "/proc/%d/ns/net"
+	// CNIResultsDir is the directory CNI stores allocated IP for containers
+	CNIResultsDir = "/var/lib/cni/results"
+	// defaultCNIConfFilename is the vanity filename of default CNI configuration file
+	defaultCNIConfFilename = "10-openfaas.conflist"
+	// defaultNetworkName names the "docker-bridge"-like CNI plugin-chain installed when no other CNI configuration is present.
+	// This value appears in iptables comments created by CNI.
+	defaultNetworkName = "openfaas-cni-bridge"
+	// defaultBridgeName is the default bridge device name used in the defaultCNIConf
+	defaultBridgeName = "openfaas0"
+	// defaultSubnet is the default subnet used in the defaultCNIConf -- this value is set to not collide with common container networking subnets:
+	defaultSubnet = "10.62.0.0/16"
+)
+
+// defaultCNIConf is a CNI configuration that enables network access to containers (docker-bridge style)
+var defaultCNIConf = fmt.Sprintf(`
+{
+    "cniVersion": "0.4.0",
+    "name": "%s",
+    "plugins": [
+      {
+        "type": "bridge",
+        "bridge": "%s",
+        "isGateway": true,
+        "ipMasq": true,
+        "ipam": {
+            "type": "host-local",
+            "subnet": "%s",
+            "routes": [
+                { "dst": "0.0.0.0/0" }
+            ]
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        "type": "firewall"
+      }
+    ]
+}
+`, defaultNetworkName, defaultBridgeName, defaultSubnet)
+
+// InitNetwork writes configlist file and initializes CNI network
+func InitNetwork() (gocni.CNI, error) {
+
+	log.Printf("Writing network config...\n")
+	if !dirExists(CNIConfDir) {
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(CNIConfDir, 0755); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot create directory: %s", CNIConfDir)
+		}
+	}
+
+	netConfig := path.Join(CNIConfDir, defaultCNIConfFilename)
+	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(netConfig, []byte(defaultCNIConf), 644); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot write network config: %s", defaultCNIConfFilename)
+
+	}
+	// Initialize CNI library
+	cni, err := gocni.New(gocni.WithPluginConfDir(CNIConfDir),
+		gocni.WithPluginDir([]string{CNIBinDir}))
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error initializing cni: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	// Load the cni configuration
+	if err := cni.Load(gocni.WithLoNetwork, gocni.WithConfListFile(filepath.Join(CNIConfDir, defaultCNIConfFilename))); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to load cni configuration: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return cni, nil
+}
+
+// CreateCNINetwork creates a CNI network interface and attaches it to the context
+func CreateCNINetwork(ctx context.Context, cni gocni.CNI, task containerd.Task, labels map[string]string) (*gocni.CNIResult, error) {
+	id := netID(task)
+	netns := netNamespace(task)
+	result, err := cni.Setup(ctx, id, netns, gocni.WithLabels(labels))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "Failed to setup network for task %q: %v", id, err)
+	}
+
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+// DeleteCNINetwork deletes a CNI network based on task ID and Pid
+func DeleteCNINetwork(ctx context.Context, cni gocni.CNI, client *containerd.Client, name string) error {
+	container, containerErr := client.LoadContainer(ctx, name)
+	if containerErr == nil {
+		task, err := container.Task(ctx, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("[Delete] unable to find task for container: %s\n", name)
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		log.Printf("[Delete] removing CNI network for: %s\n", task.ID())
+
+		id := netID(task)
+		netns := netNamespace(task)
+
+		if err := cni.Remove(ctx, id, netns); err != nil {
+			return errors.Wrapf(err, "Failed to remove network for task: %q, %v", id, err)
+		}
+		log.Printf("[Delete] removed: %s from namespace: %s, ID: %s\n", name, netns, id)
+
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return errors.Wrapf(containerErr, "Unable to find container: %s, error: %s", name, containerErr)
+}
+
+// GetIPAddress returns the IP address of the created container
+func GetIPAddress(result *gocni.CNIResult, task containerd.Task) (net.IP, error) {
+	// Get the IP of the created interface
+	var ip net.IP
+	for ifName, config := range result.Interfaces {
+		if config.Sandbox == netNamespace(task) {
+			for _, ipConfig := range config.IPConfigs {
+				if ifName != "lo" && ipConfig.IP.To4() != nil {
+					ip = ipConfig.IP
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if ip == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to get IP address for: %s", task.ID())
+	}
+	return ip, nil
+}
+
+func GetIPfromPID(pid int) (*net.IP, error) {
+	// https://github.com/weaveworks/weave/blob/master/net/netdev.go
+
+	peerIDs, err := ConnectedToBridgeVethPeerIds(defaultBridgeName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to find peers on: %s %s", defaultBridgeName, err)
+	}
+
+	addrs, addrsErr := GetNetDevsByVethPeerIds(pid, peerIDs)
+	if addrsErr != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to find address for veth pair using: %v %s", peerIDs, addrsErr)
+	}
+
+	if len(addrs) > 0 && len(addrs[0].CIDRs) > 0 {
+		return &addrs[0].CIDRs[0].IP, nil
+	}
+
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("no IP found for function")
+}
+
+// CNIGateway returns the gateway for default subnet
+func CNIGateway() (string, error) {
+	ip, _, err := net.ParseCIDR(defaultSubnet)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("error formatting gateway for network %s", defaultSubnet)
+	}
+	ip = ip.To4()
+	ip[3] = 1
+	return ip.String(), nil
+}
+
+// netID generates the network IF based on task name and task PID
+func netID(task containerd.Task) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", task.ID(), task.Pid())
+}
+
+// netNamespace generates the namespace path based on task PID.
+func netNamespace(task containerd.Task) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(NetNSPathFmt, task.Pid())
+}
+
+func dirEmpty(dirname string) (isEmpty bool) {
+	if !dirExists(dirname) {
+		return
+	}
+
+	f, err := os.Open(dirname)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = f.Close() }()
+
+	// If the first file is EOF, the directory is empty
+	if _, err = f.Readdir(1); err == io.EOF {
+		isEmpty = true
+	}
+	return isEmpty
+}
+
+func dirExists(dirname string) bool {
+	exists, info := pathExists(dirname)
+	if !exists {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return info.IsDir()
+}
+
+func pathExists(path string) (bool, os.FileInfo) {
+	info, err := os.Stat(path)
+	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	return true, info
+}

pkg/cninetwork/netns.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 // Copyright Weaveworks
 // github.com/weaveworks/weave/net
 
-package weave
+package cninetwork
 
 import (
 	"errors"

pkg/cninetwork/weave.go

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Copyright Weaveworks
 // github.com/weaveworks/weave/net
 
-package weave
+package cninetwork
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
@@ -18,19 +18,6 @@ type Dev struct {
 	CIDRs []*net.IPNet     `json:"CIDRs,omitempty"`
 }
 
-func linkToNetDev(link netlink.Link) (Dev, error) {
-	addrs, err := netlink.AddrList(link, netlink.FAMILY_V4)
-	if err != nil {
-		return Dev{}, err
-	}
-
-	netDev := Dev{Name: link.Attrs().Name, MAC: link.Attrs().HardwareAddr}
-	for _, addr := range addrs {
-		netDev.CIDRs = append(netDev.CIDRs, addr.IPNet)
-	}
-	return netDev, nil
-}
-
 // ConnectedToBridgeVethPeerIds returns peer indexes of veth links connected to
 // the given bridge. The peer index is used to query from a container netns
 // whether the container is connected to the bridge.

pkg/cninetwork/weave_darwin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// +build darwin
+
+package cninetwork
+
+import "github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
+
+func linkToNetDev(link netlink.Link) (Dev, error) {
+
+	return Dev{}, nil
+}

pkg/cninetwork/weave_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// +build linux
+
+package cninetwork
+
+import "github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
+
+func linkToNetDev(link netlink.Link) (Dev, error) {
+
+	addrs, err := netlink.AddrList(link, netlink.FAMILY_V4)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Dev{}, err
+	}
+
+	netDev := Dev{Name: link.Attrs().Name, MAC: link.Attrs().HardwareAddr}
+	for _, addr := range addrs {
+		netDev.CIDRs = append(netDev.CIDRs, addr.IPNet)
+	}
+	return netDev, nil
+}

pkg/constants.go

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package pkg
+
+const (
+	// FunctionNamespace is the default containerd namespace functions are created
+	FunctionNamespace = "openfaas-fn"
+)

pkg/depgraph/depgraph.go

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+package depgraph
+
+import "log"
+
+// Node represents a node in a Graph with
+// 0 to many edges
+type Node struct {
+	Name  string
+	Edges []*Node
+}
+
+// Graph is a collection of nodes
+type Graph struct {
+	nodes []*Node
+}
+
+func NewDepgraph() *Graph {
+	return &Graph{
+		nodes: []*Node{},
+	}
+}
+
+// Nodes returns the nodes within the graph
+func (g *Graph) Nodes() []*Node {
+	return g.nodes
+}
+
+// Contains returns true if the target Node is found
+// in its list
+func (g *Graph) Contains(target *Node) bool {
+	for _, g := range g.nodes {
+		if g.Name == target.Name {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// Add places a Node into the current Graph
+func (g *Graph) Add(target *Node) {
+	g.nodes = append(g.nodes, target)
+}
+
+// Remove deletes a target Node reference from the
+// list of nodes in the graph
+func (g *Graph) Remove(target *Node) {
+	var found *int
+	for i, n := range g.nodes {
+		if n == target {
+			found = &i
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	if found != nil {
+		g.nodes = append(g.nodes[:*found], g.nodes[*found+1:]...)
+	}
+}
+
+// Resolve retruns a list of node names in order of their dependencies.
+// A use case may be for determining the correct order to install
+// software packages, or to start services.
+// Based upon the algorithm described by Ferry Boender in the following article
+// https://www.electricmonk.nl/log/2008/08/07/dependency-resolving-algorithm/
+func (g *Graph) Resolve() []string {
+	resolved := &Graph{}
+	unresolved := &Graph{}
+	for _, node := range g.nodes {
+		resolve(node, resolved, unresolved)
+	}
+
+	order := []string{}
+
+	for _, node := range resolved.Nodes() {
+		order = append(order, node.Name)
+	}
+
+	return order
+}
+
+// resolve mutates the resolved graph for a given starting
+// node. The unresolved graph is used to detect a circular graph
+// error and will throw a panic. This can be caught with a resolve
+// in a go routine.
+func resolve(node *Node, resolved, unresolved *Graph) {
+	unresolved.Add(node)
+
+	for _, edge := range node.Edges {
+
+		if !resolved.Contains(edge) && unresolved.Contains(edge) {
+			log.Panicf("edge: %s may be a circular dependency", edge.Name)
+		}
+
+		resolve(edge, resolved, unresolved)
+	}
+
+	for _, r := range resolved.nodes {
+		if r.Name == node.Name {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	resolved.Add(node)
+	unresolved.Remove(node)
+}

pkg/depgraph/depgraph_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package depgraph
+
+import "testing"
+
+func Test_RemoveMedial(t *testing.T) {
+	g := Graph{nodes: []*Node{}}
+	a := &Node{Name: "A"}
+	b := &Node{Name: "B"}
+	c := &Node{Name: "C"}
+
+	g.nodes = append(g.nodes, a)
+	g.nodes = append(g.nodes, b)
+	g.nodes = append(g.nodes, c)
+
+	g.Remove(b)
+
+	for _, n := range g.nodes {
+		if n.Name == b.Name {
+			t.Fatalf("Found deleted node: %s", n.Name)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_RemoveFinal(t *testing.T) {
+	g := Graph{nodes: []*Node{}}
+	a := &Node{Name: "A"}
+	b := &Node{Name: "B"}
+	c := &Node{Name: "C"}
+
+	g.nodes = append(g.nodes, a)
+	g.nodes = append(g.nodes, b)
+	g.nodes = append(g.nodes, c)
+
+	g.Remove(c)
+
+	for _, n := range g.nodes {
+		if n.Name == c.Name {
+			t.Fatalf("Found deleted node: %s", c.Name)
+		}
+	}
+}

pkg/deployment_order.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package pkg
+
+import (
+	"log"
+
+	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/depgraph"
+)
+
+func buildDeploymentOrder(svcs []Service) []string {
+
+	graph := buildServiceGraph(svcs)
+
+	order := graph.Resolve()
+
+	log.Printf("Start-up order:\n")
+	for _, node := range order {
+		log.Printf("- %s\n", node)
+	}
+
+	return order
+}
+
+func buildServiceGraph(svcs []Service) *depgraph.Graph {
+	graph := depgraph.NewDepgraph()
+
+	nodeMap := map[string]*depgraph.Node{}
+	for _, s := range svcs {
+		n := &depgraph.Node{Name: s.Name}
+		nodeMap[s.Name] = n
+		graph.Add(n)
+
+	}
+
+	for _, s := range svcs {
+		for _, d := range s.DependsOn {
+			nodeMap[s.Name].Edges = append(nodeMap[s.Name].Edges, nodeMap[d])
+		}
+	}
+
+	return graph
+}

pkg/deployment_order_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+package pkg
+
+import (
+	"log"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func Test_buildDeploymentOrder_ARequiresB(t *testing.T) {
+	svcs := []Service{
+		{
+			Name:      "A",
+			DependsOn: []string{"B"},
+		},
+		{
+			Name:      "B",
+			DependsOn: []string{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	order := buildDeploymentOrder(svcs)
+
+	if len(order) < len(svcs) {
+		t.Fatalf("length of order too short: %d", len(order))
+	}
+
+	got := order[0]
+	want := "B"
+	if got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("%s should be last to be installed, but was: %s", want, got)
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_buildDeploymentOrder_ARequiresBAndC(t *testing.T) {
+	svcs := []Service{
+		{
+			Name:      "A",
+			DependsOn: []string{"B", "C"},
+		},
+		{
+			Name:      "B",
+			DependsOn: []string{},
+		},
+		{
+			Name:      "C",
+			DependsOn: []string{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	order := buildDeploymentOrder(svcs)
+
+	if len(order) < len(svcs) {
+		t.Fatalf("length of order too short: %d", len(order))
+	}
+
+	a := indexStr(order, "a")
+	b := indexStr(order, "b")
+	c := indexStr(order, "c")
+
+	if a > b {
+		t.Fatalf("a should be after dependencies")
+	}
+	if a > c {
+		t.Fatalf("a should be after dependencies")
+	}
+
+}
+
+func Test_buildDeploymentOrder_ARequiresBRequiresC(t *testing.T) {
+	svcs := []Service{
+		{
+			Name:      "A",
+			DependsOn: []string{"B"},
+		},
+		{
+			Name:      "B",
+			DependsOn: []string{"C"},
+		},
+		{
+			Name:      "C",
+			DependsOn: []string{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	order := buildDeploymentOrder(svcs)
+
+	if len(order) < len(svcs) {
+		t.Fatalf("length of order too short: %d", len(order))
+	}
+
+	got := order[0]
+	want := "C"
+	if got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("%s should be last to be installed, but was: %s", want, got)
+	}
+	got = order[1]
+	want = "B"
+	if got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("%s should be last to be installed, but was: %s", want, got)
+	}
+	got = order[2]
+	want = "A"
+	if got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("%s should be last to be installed, but was: %s", want, got)
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_buildDeploymentOrderCircularARequiresBRequiresA(t *testing.T) {
+	svcs := []Service{
+		{
+			Name:      "A",
+			DependsOn: []string{"B"},
+		},
+		{
+			Name:      "B",
+			DependsOn: []string{"A"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	defer func() { recover() }()
+
+	buildDeploymentOrder(svcs)
+
+	t.Fatalf("did not panic as expected")
+}
+
+func Test_buildDeploymentOrderComposeFile(t *testing.T) {
+	// svcs := []Service{}
+	file, err := LoadComposeFileWithArch("../", "docker-compose.yaml", func() (string, string) {
+		return "x86_64", "Linux"
+	})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unable to load compose file: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	svcs, err := ParseCompose(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unable to parse compose file: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, s := range svcs {
+		log.Printf("Service: %s\n", s.Name)
+		for _, d := range s.DependsOn {
+			log.Printf("Link: %s => %s\n", s.Name, d)
+		}
+	}
+
+	order := buildDeploymentOrder(svcs)
+
+	if len(order) < len(svcs) {
+		t.Fatalf("length of order too short: %d", len(order))
+	}
+
+	queueWorker := indexStr(order, "queue-worker")
+	nats := indexStr(order, "nats")
+	gateway := indexStr(order, "gateway")
+	prometheus := indexStr(order, "prometheus")
+
+	if prometheus > gateway {
+		t.Fatalf("Prometheus order was after gateway, and should be before")
+	}
+	if nats > gateway {
+		t.Fatalf("NATS order was after gateway, and should be before")
+	}
+	if nats > queueWorker {
+		t.Fatalf("NATS order was after queue-worker, and should be before")
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_buildDeploymentOrderOpenFaaS(t *testing.T) {
+	svcs := []Service{
+		{
+			Name:      "queue-worker",
+			DependsOn: []string{"nats"},
+		},
+		{
+			Name:      "prometheus",
+			DependsOn: []string{},
+		},
+		{
+			Name:      "gateway",
+			DependsOn: []string{"prometheus", "nats", "basic-auth-plugin"},
+		},
+		{
+			Name:      "basic-auth-plugin",
+			DependsOn: []string{},
+		},
+		{
+			Name:      "nats",
+			DependsOn: []string{},
+		},
+	}
+
+	order := buildDeploymentOrder(svcs)
+
+	if len(order) < len(svcs) {
+		t.Fatalf("length of order too short: %d", len(order))
+	}
+
+	queueWorker := indexStr(order, "queue-worker")
+	nats := indexStr(order, "nats")
+	gateway := indexStr(order, "gateway")
+	prometheus := indexStr(order, "prometheus")
+
+	if prometheus > gateway {
+		t.Fatalf("Prometheus order was after gateway, and should be before")
+	}
+	if nats > gateway {
+		t.Fatalf("NATS order was after gateway, and should be before")
+	}
+	if nats > queueWorker {
+		t.Fatalf("NATS order was after queue-worker, and should be before")
+	}
+}
+
+func indexStr(st []string, t string) int {
+	for n, s := range st {
+		if s == t {
+			return n
+		}
+
+	}
+	return -1
+}

pkg/local_resolver.go

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+package pkg
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// LocalResolver provides hostname to IP look-up for faasd core services
+type LocalResolver struct {
+	Path  string
+	Map   map[string]string
+	Mutex *sync.RWMutex
+}
+
+// NewLocalResolver creates a new resolver for reading from a hosts file
+func NewLocalResolver(path string) Resolver {
+	return &LocalResolver{
+		Path:  path,
+		Mutex: &sync.RWMutex{},
+		Map:   make(map[string]string),
+	}
+}
+
+// Start polling the disk for the hosts file in Path
+func (l *LocalResolver) Start() {
+	var lastStat os.FileInfo
+
+	for {
+		rebuild := false
+		if info, err := os.Stat(l.Path); err == nil {
+			if lastStat == nil {
+				rebuild = true
+			} else {
+				if !lastStat.ModTime().Equal(info.ModTime()) {
+					rebuild = true
+				}
+			}
+			lastStat = info
+		}
+
+		if rebuild {
+			log.Printf("Resolver rebuilding map")
+			l.rebuild()
+		}
+		time.Sleep(time.Second * 3)
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *LocalResolver) rebuild() {
+	l.Mutex.Lock()
+	defer l.Mutex.Unlock()
+
+	fileData, fileErr := ioutil.ReadFile(l.Path)
+	if fileErr != nil {
+		log.Printf("resolver rebuild error: %s", fileErr.Error())
+		return
+	}
+
+	lines := strings.Split(string(fileData), "\n")
+
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		index := strings.Index(line, "\t")
+
+		if len(line) > 0 && index > -1 {
+			ip := line[:index]
+			host := line[index+1:]
+			log.Printf("Resolver: %q=%q", host, ip)
+			l.Map[host] = ip
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// Get resolves a hostname to an IP, or timesout after the duration has passed
+func (l *LocalResolver) Get(upstream string, got chan<- string, timeout time.Duration) {
+	start := time.Now()
+	for {
+		if val := l.get(upstream); len(val) > 0 {
+			got <- val
+			break
+		}
+
+		if time.Now().After(start.Add(timeout)) {
+			log.Printf("Timed out after %s getting host %q", timeout.String(), upstream)
+			break
+		}
+
+		time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 250)
+	}
+}
+
+func (l *LocalResolver) get(upstream string) string {
+	l.Mutex.RLock()
+	defer l.Mutex.RUnlock()
+
+	if val, ok := l.Map[upstream]; ok {
+		return val
+	}
+
+	return ""
+}

pkg/logs/requestor.go

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+package logs
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/logs"
+
+	faasd "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
+)
+
+type requester struct{}
+
+// New returns a new journalctl log Requester
+func New() logs.Requester {
+	return &requester{}
+}
+
+// Query submits a log request to the actual logging system.
+func (r *requester) Query(ctx context.Context, req logs.Request) (<-chan logs.Message, error) {
+	_, err := exec.LookPath("journalctl")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("can not find journalctl: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	cmd := buildCmd(ctx, req)
+	stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create journalctl pipe: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	stderr, err := cmd.StderrPipe()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create journalctl err pipe: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	err = cmd.Start()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create journalctl: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// call start and get the stdout prior to streaming so that we can return a meaningful
+	// error for as long as possible. If the cmd starts correctly, we are highly likely to
+	// succeed anyway
+	msgs := make(chan logs.Message)
+	go streamLogs(ctx, cmd, stdout, msgs)
+	go logErrOut(stderr)
+
+	return msgs, nil
+}
+
+// buildCmd reeturns the equivalent of
+//
+// 	journalctl -t <namespace>:<name>  \
+// 		--output=json \
+// 		--since=<timestamp> \
+// 		<--follow> \
+func buildCmd(ctx context.Context, req logs.Request) *exec.Cmd {
+	// // set the cursor position based on req, default to 5m
+	since := time.Now().Add(-5 * time.Minute)
+	if req.Since != nil && req.Since.Before(time.Now()) {
+		since = *req.Since
+	}
+
+	namespace := req.Namespace
+	if namespace == "" {
+		namespace = faasd.FunctionNamespace
+	}
+
+	// find the description of the fields here
+	// https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.journal-fields.html
+	// the available fields can vary greatly, the selected fields were detemined by
+	// trial and error with journalctl in an ubuntu VM  (via multipass)
+	args := []string{
+		"--utc",
+		"--no-pager",
+		"--output=json",
+		"--identifier=" + namespace + ":" + req.Name,
+		fmt.Sprintf("--since=%s", since.UTC().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05")),
+	}
+
+	if req.Follow {
+		args = append(args, "--follow")
+	}
+
+	if req.Tail > 0 {
+		args = append(args, fmt.Sprintf("--lines=%d", req.Tail))
+	}
+
+	return exec.CommandContext(ctx, "journalctl", args...)
+}
+
+// streamLogs copies log entries from the journalctl `cmd`/`out` to `msgs`
+// the loop is based on the Decoder example in the docs
+// https://golang.org/pkg/encoding/json/#Decoder.Decode
+func streamLogs(ctx context.Context, cmd *exec.Cmd, out io.ReadCloser, msgs chan logs.Message) {
+	log.Println("starting journal stream using ", cmd.String())
+
+	// will ensure `out` is closed and all related resources cleaned up
+	go func() {
+		err := cmd.Wait()
+		log.Println("wait result", err)
+	}()
+
+	defer func() {
+		log.Println("closing journal stream")
+		close(msgs)
+	}()
+
+	dec := json.NewDecoder(out)
+	for dec.More() {
+		if ctx.Err() != nil {
+			log.Println("log stream context cancelled")
+			return
+		}
+
+		// the journalctl outputs all the values as a string, so a struct with json
+		// tags wont help much
+		entry := map[string]string{}
+		err := dec.Decode(&entry)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("error decoding journalctl output: %s", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		msg, err := parseEntry(entry)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("error parsing journalctl output: %s", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		msgs <- msg
+	}
+}
+
+// parseEntry reads the deserialized json from journalctl into a log.Message
+//
+// The following fields are parsed from the journal
+// - MESSAGE
+// - _PID
+// - SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER
+// - __REALTIME_TIMESTAMP
+func parseEntry(entry map[string]string) (logs.Message, error) {
+	logMsg := logs.Message{
+		Text:     entry["MESSAGE"],
+		Instance: entry["_PID"],
+	}
+
+	identifier := entry["SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER"]
+	parts := strings.Split(identifier, ":")
+	if len(parts) != 2 {
+		return logMsg, fmt.Errorf("invalid SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER")
+	}
+	logMsg.Namespace = parts[0]
+	logMsg.Name = parts[1]
+
+	ts, ok := entry["__REALTIME_TIMESTAMP"]
+	if !ok {
+		return logMsg, fmt.Errorf("missing required field __REALTIME_TIMESTAMP")
+	}
+
+	ms, err := strconv.ParseInt(ts, 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return logMsg, fmt.Errorf("invalid timestamp: %w", err)
+	}
+	logMsg.Timestamp = time.Unix(0, ms*1000).UTC()
+
+	return logMsg, nil
+}
+
+func logErrOut(out io.ReadCloser) {
+	defer log.Println("stderr closed")
+	defer out.Close()
+
+	io.Copy(log.Writer(), out)
+}

pkg/logs/requestor_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package logs
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/logs"
+)
+
+func Test_parseEntry(t *testing.T) {
+	rawEntry := `{ "__CURSOR" : "s=71c4550142d14ace8e2959e3540cc15c;i=133c;b=44864010f0d94baba7b6bf8019f82a56;m=2945cd3;t=5a00d4eb59180;x=8ed47f7f9b3d798", "__REALTIME_TIMESTAMP" : "1583353899094400", "__MONOTONIC_TIMESTAMP" : "43277523", "_BOOT_ID" : "44864010f0d94baba7b6bf8019f82a56", "SYSLOG_IDENTIFIER" : "openfaas-fn:nodeinfo", "_PID" : "2254", "MESSAGE" : "2020/03/04 20:31:39 POST / - 200 OK - ContentLength: 83", "_SOURCE_REALTIME_TIMESTAMP" : "1583353899094372" }`
+	expectedEntry := logs.Message{
+		Name:      "nodeinfo",
+		Namespace: "openfaas-fn",
+		Text:      "2020/03/04 20:31:39 POST / - 200 OK - ContentLength: 83",
+		Timestamp: time.Unix(0, 1583353899094400*1000).UTC(),
+	}
+
+	value := map[string]string{}
+	json.Unmarshal([]byte(rawEntry), &value)
+
+	entry, err := parseEntry(value)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if entry.Name != expectedEntry.Name {
+		t.Fatalf("want Name: %q, got %q", expectedEntry.Name, entry.Name)
+	}
+
+	if entry.Namespace != expectedEntry.Namespace {
+		t.Fatalf("want Namespace: %q, got %q", expectedEntry.Namespace, entry.Namespace)
+	}
+
+	if entry.Timestamp != expectedEntry.Timestamp {
+		t.Fatalf("want Timestamp: %q, got %q", expectedEntry.Timestamp, entry.Timestamp)
+	}
+
+	if entry.Text != expectedEntry.Text {
+		t.Fatalf("want Text: %q, got %q", expectedEntry.Text, entry.Text)
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_buildCmd(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.TODO()
+	now := time.Now()
+	req := logs.Request{
+		Name:      "loggyfunc",
+		Namespace: "spacetwo",
+		Follow:    true,
+		Since:     &now,
+		Tail:      5,
+	}
+
+	expectedArgs := fmt.Sprintf(
+		"--utc --no-pager --output=json --identifier=spacetwo:loggyfunc --since=%s --follow --lines=5",
+		now.UTC().Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05"),
+	)
+
+	cmd := buildCmd(ctx, req).String()
+	wantCmd := "journalctl"
+	if !strings.Contains(cmd, wantCmd) {
+		t.Fatalf("cmd want: %q, got: %q", wantCmd, cmd)
+	}
+
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(cmd, expectedArgs) {
+		t.Fatalf("arg want: %q\ngot: %q", expectedArgs, cmd)
+	}
+}

pkg/provider/config/read.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	types "github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
+)
+
+type ProviderConfig struct {
+	// Sock is the address of the containerd socket
+	Sock string
+}
+
+// ReadFromEnv loads the FaaSConfig and the Containerd specific config form the env variables
+func ReadFromEnv(hasEnv types.HasEnv) (*types.FaaSConfig, *ProviderConfig, error) {
+	config, err := types.ReadConfig{}.Read(hasEnv)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+
+	serviceTimeout := types.ParseIntOrDurationValue(hasEnv.Getenv("service_timeout"), time.Second*60)
+
+	config.EnableHealth = true
+	config.ReadTimeout = serviceTimeout
+	config.WriteTimeout = serviceTimeout
+
+	port := types.ParseIntValue(hasEnv.Getenv("port"), 8081)
+	config.TCPPort = &port
+
+	providerConfig := &ProviderConfig{
+		Sock: types.ParseString(hasEnv.Getenv("sock"), "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"),
+	}
+
+	return config, providerConfig, nil
+}

pkg/provider/config/read_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+type EnvBucket struct {
+	Items map[string]string
+}
+
+func NewEnvBucket() EnvBucket {
+	return EnvBucket{
+		Items: make(map[string]string),
+	}
+}
+
+func (e EnvBucket) Getenv(key string) string {
+	return e.Items[key]
+}
+
+func (e EnvBucket) Setenv(key string, value string) {
+	e.Items[key] = value
+}
+
+func Test_SetSockByEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	defaultSock := "/run/containerd/containerd.sock"
+	expectedSock := "/non/default/value.sock"
+	env := NewEnvBucket()
+	_, config, err := ReadFromEnv(env)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error %s", err)
+	}
+	if config.Sock != defaultSock {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %q, got %q", defaultSock, config.Sock)
+	}
+
+	env.Setenv("sock", expectedSock)
+	_, config, err = ReadFromEnv(env)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error %s", err)
+	}
+	if config.Sock != expectedSock {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %q, got %q", expectedSock, config.Sock)
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_SetServiceTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	defaultTimeout := "1m0s"
+
+	env := NewEnvBucket()
+	config, _, err := ReadFromEnv(env)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error %s", err)
+	}
+	if config.ReadTimeout.String() != defaultTimeout {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %q, got %q", defaultTimeout, config.ReadTimeout)
+	}
+
+	if config.WriteTimeout.String() != defaultTimeout {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %q, got %q", defaultTimeout, config.WriteTimeout)
+	}
+
+	newTimeout := "30s"
+	env.Setenv("service_timeout", newTimeout)
+	config, _, err = ReadFromEnv(env)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error %s", err)
+	}
+	if config.ReadTimeout.String() != newTimeout {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %q, got %q", newTimeout, config.ReadTimeout)
+	}
+
+	if config.WriteTimeout.String() != newTimeout {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %q, got %q", newTimeout, config.WriteTimeout)
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_SetPort(t *testing.T) {
+	defaultPort := 8081
+
+	env := NewEnvBucket()
+	config, _, err := ReadFromEnv(env)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error %s", err)
+	}
+	if config.TCPPort == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil TCPPort")
+	}
+	if *config.TCPPort != defaultPort {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %d, got %d", defaultPort, config.TCPPort)
+	}
+
+	newPort := 9091
+	newPortStr := strconv.Itoa(newPort)
+	env.Setenv("port", newPortStr)
+	config, _, err = ReadFromEnv(env)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error %s", err)
+	}
+	if config.TCPPort == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil TCPPort")
+	}
+	if *config.TCPPort != newPort {
+		t.Fatalf("expected %d, got %d", newPort, config.TCPPort)
+	}
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/delete.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/namespaces"
+	gocni "github.com/containerd/go-cni"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faas/gateway/requests"
+
+	faasd "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
+	cninetwork "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/cninetwork"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/service"
+)
+
+func MakeDeleteHandler(client *containerd.Client, cni gocni.CNI) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+
+		if r.Body == nil {
+			http.Error(w, "expected a body", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
+		defer r.Body.Close()
+
+		body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		log.Printf("[Delete] request: %s\n", string(body))
+
+		req := requests.DeleteFunctionRequest{}
+		err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("[Delete] error parsing input: %s\n", err)
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		name := req.FunctionName
+
+		function, err := GetFunction(client, name)
+		if err != nil {
+			msg := fmt.Sprintf("service %s not found", name)
+			log.Printf("[Delete] %s\n", msg)
+			http.Error(w, msg, http.StatusNotFound)
+			return
+		}
+
+		ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), faasd.FunctionNamespace)
+
+		// TODO: this needs to still happen if the task is paused
+		if function.replicas != 0 {
+			err = cninetwork.DeleteCNINetwork(ctx, cni, client, name)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Printf("[Delete] error removing CNI network for %s, %s\n", name, err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		containerErr := service.Remove(ctx, client, name)
+		if containerErr != nil {
+			log.Printf("[Delete] error removing %s, %s\n", name, containerErr)
+			http.Error(w, containerErr.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		}
+
+		log.Printf("[Delete] deleted %s\n", name)
+	}
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/deploy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/cio"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/containers"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/namespaces"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/oci"
+	gocni "github.com/containerd/go-cni"
+	"github.com/docker/distribution/reference"
+	"github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
+	faasd "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
+	cninetwork "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/cninetwork"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/service"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
+)
+
+const annotationLabelPrefix = "com.openfaas.annotations."
+
+func MakeDeployHandler(client *containerd.Client, cni gocni.CNI, secretMountPath string, alwaysPull bool) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+
+		if r.Body == nil {
+			http.Error(w, "expected a body", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
+		defer r.Body.Close()
+
+		body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		log.Printf("[Deploy] request: %s\n", string(body))
+
+		req := types.FunctionDeployment{}
+		err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("[Deploy] - error parsing input: %s\n", err)
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		err = validateSecrets(secretMountPath, req.Secrets)
+		if err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		}
+
+		name := req.Service
+		ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), faasd.FunctionNamespace)
+
+		deployErr := deploy(ctx, req, client, cni, secretMountPath, alwaysPull)
+		if deployErr != nil {
+			log.Printf("[Deploy] error deploying %s, error: %s\n", name, deployErr)
+			http.Error(w, deployErr.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func deploy(ctx context.Context, req types.FunctionDeployment, client *containerd.Client, cni gocni.CNI, secretMountPath string, alwaysPull bool) error {
+	r, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(req.Image)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	imgRef := reference.TagNameOnly(r).String()
+
+	snapshotter := ""
+	if val, ok := os.LookupEnv("snapshotter"); ok {
+		snapshotter = val
+	}
+
+	image, err := service.PrepareImage(ctx, client, imgRef, snapshotter, alwaysPull)
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "unable to pull image %s", imgRef)
+	}
+
+	size, _ := image.Size(ctx)
+	log.Printf("Deploy %s size: %d\n", image.Name(), size)
+
+	envs := prepareEnv(req.EnvProcess, req.EnvVars)
+	mounts := getMounts()
+
+	for _, secret := range req.Secrets {
+		mounts = append(mounts, specs.Mount{
+			Destination: path.Join("/var/openfaas/secrets", secret),
+			Type:        "bind",
+			Source:      path.Join(secretMountPath, secret),
+			Options:     []string{"rbind", "ro"},
+		})
+	}
+
+	name := req.Service
+
+	labels, err := buildLabels(&req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Unable to apply labels to conatiner: %s, error: %s", name, err)
+	}
+
+	var memory *specs.LinuxMemory
+	if req.Limits != nil && len(req.Limits.Memory) > 0 {
+		memory = &specs.LinuxMemory{}
+
+		qty, err := resource.ParseQuantity(req.Limits.Memory)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("error parsing (%q) as quantity: %s", req.Limits.Memory, err.Error())
+		}
+		v := qty.Value()
+		memory.Limit = &v
+	}
+
+	container, err := client.NewContainer(
+		ctx,
+		name,
+		containerd.WithImage(image),
+		containerd.WithSnapshotter(snapshotter),
+		containerd.WithNewSnapshot(name+"-snapshot", image),
+		containerd.WithNewSpec(oci.WithImageConfig(image),
+			oci.WithCapabilities([]string{"CAP_NET_RAW"}),
+			oci.WithMounts(mounts),
+			oci.WithEnv(envs),
+			withMemory(memory)),
+		containerd.WithContainerLabels(labels),
+	)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create container: %s, error: %s", name, err)
+	}
+
+	return createTask(ctx, client, container, cni)
+
+}
+
+func buildLabels(request *types.FunctionDeployment) (map[string]string, error) {
+	// Adapted from faas-swarm/handlers/deploy.go:buildLabels
+	labels := map[string]string{}
+
+	if request.Labels != nil {
+		for k, v := range *request.Labels {
+			labels[k] = v
+		}
+	}
+
+	if request.Annotations != nil {
+		for k, v := range *request.Annotations {
+			key := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", annotationLabelPrefix, k)
+			if _, ok := labels[key]; !ok {
+				labels[key] = v
+			} else {
+				return nil, errors.New(fmt.Sprintf("Key %s cannot be used as a label due to a conflict with annotation prefix %s", k, annotationLabelPrefix))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return labels, nil
+}
+
+func createTask(ctx context.Context, client *containerd.Client, container containerd.Container, cni gocni.CNI) error {
+
+	name := container.ID()
+
+	task, taskErr := container.NewTask(ctx, cio.BinaryIO("/usr/local/bin/faasd", nil))
+
+	if taskErr != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to start task: %s, error: %s", name, taskErr)
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("Container ID: %s\tTask ID %s:\tTask PID: %d\t\n", name, task.ID(), task.Pid())
+
+	labels := map[string]string{}
+	network, err := cninetwork.CreateCNINetwork(ctx, cni, task, labels)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ip, err := cninetwork.GetIPAddress(network, task)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	log.Printf("%s has IP: %s.\n", name, ip.String())
+
+	_, waitErr := task.Wait(ctx)
+	if waitErr != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(waitErr, "Unable to wait for task to start: %s", name)
+	}
+
+	if startErr := task.Start(ctx); startErr != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(startErr, "Unable to start task: %s", name)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func prepareEnv(envProcess string, reqEnvVars map[string]string) []string {
+	envs := []string{}
+	fprocessFound := false
+	fprocess := "fprocess=" + envProcess
+	if len(envProcess) > 0 {
+		fprocessFound = true
+	}
+
+	for k, v := range reqEnvVars {
+		if k == "fprocess" {
+			fprocessFound = true
+			fprocess = v
+		} else {
+			envs = append(envs, k+"="+v)
+		}
+	}
+	if fprocessFound {
+		envs = append(envs, fprocess)
+	}
+	return envs
+}
+
+func getMounts() []specs.Mount {
+	wd, _ := os.Getwd()
+	mounts := []specs.Mount{}
+	mounts = append(mounts, specs.Mount{
+		Destination: "/etc/resolv.conf",
+		Type:        "bind",
+		Source:      path.Join(wd, "resolv.conf"),
+		Options:     []string{"rbind", "ro"},
+	})
+
+	mounts = append(mounts, specs.Mount{
+		Destination: "/etc/hosts",
+		Type:        "bind",
+		Source:      path.Join(wd, "hosts"),
+		Options:     []string{"rbind", "ro"},
+	})
+	return mounts
+}
+
+func validateSecrets(secretMountPath string, secrets []string) error {
+	for _, secret := range secrets {
+		if _, err := os.Stat(path.Join(secretMountPath, secret)); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable to find secret: %s", secret)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func withMemory(mem *specs.LinuxMemory) oci.SpecOpts {
+	return func(ctx context.Context, _ oci.Client, c *containers.Container, s *oci.Spec) error {
+		if mem != nil {
+			if s.Linux == nil {
+				s.Linux = &specs.Linux{}
+			}
+			if s.Linux.Resources == nil {
+				s.Linux.Resources = &specs.LinuxResources{}
+			}
+			if s.Linux.Resources.Memory == nil {
+				s.Linux.Resources.Memory = &specs.LinuxMemory{}
+			}
+			s.Linux.Resources.Memory.Limit = mem.Limit
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/deploy_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
+)
+
+func Test_BuildLabels_WithAnnotations(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test each combination of nil/non-nil annotation + label
+	tables := []struct {
+		name       string
+		label      map[string]string
+		annotation map[string]string
+		result     map[string]string
+	}{
+		{"Empty label and annotations returns empty table map", nil, nil, map[string]string{}},
+		{
+			"Label with empty annotation returns valid map",
+			map[string]string{"L1": "V1"},
+			nil,
+			map[string]string{"L1": "V1"}},
+		{
+			"Annotation with empty label returns valid map",
+			nil,
+			map[string]string{"A1": "V2"},
+			map[string]string{fmt.Sprintf("%sA1", annotationLabelPrefix): "V2"}},
+		{
+			"Label and annotation provided returns valid combined map",
+			map[string]string{"L1": "V1"},
+			map[string]string{"A1": "V2"},
+			map[string]string{
+				"L1": "V1",
+				fmt.Sprintf("%sA1", annotationLabelPrefix): "V2",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tables {
+
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			request := &types.FunctionDeployment{
+				Labels:      &tc.label,
+				Annotations: &tc.annotation,
+			}
+
+			val, err := buildLabels(request)
+
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("want: no error got: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(val, tc.result) {
+				t.Errorf("Got: %s, expected %s", val, tc.result)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_BuildLabels_WithAnnotationCollision(t *testing.T) {
+	request := &types.FunctionDeployment{
+		Labels: &map[string]string{
+			"function_name": "echo",
+			fmt.Sprintf("%scurrent-time", annotationLabelPrefix): "Wed 25 Jul 06:41:43 BST 2018",
+		},
+		Annotations: &map[string]string{"current-time": "Wed 25 Jul 06:41:43 BST 2018"},
+	}
+
+	val, err := buildLabels(request)
+
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Errorf("Expected an error, got %d values", len(val))
+	}
+
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/functions.go

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/namespaces"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/cninetwork"
+
+	faasd "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
+)
+
+type Function struct {
+	name        string
+	namespace   string
+	image       string
+	pid         uint32
+	replicas    int
+	IP          string
+	labels      map[string]string
+	annotations map[string]string
+}
+
+// ListFunctions returns a map of all functions with running tasks on namespace
+func ListFunctions(client *containerd.Client) (map[string]Function, error) {
+	ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), faasd.FunctionNamespace)
+	functions := make(map[string]Function)
+
+	containers, _ := client.Containers(ctx)
+	for _, k := range containers {
+		name := k.ID()
+		f, err := GetFunction(client, name)
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		functions[name] = f
+	}
+	return functions, nil
+}
+
+// GetFunction returns a function that matches name
+func GetFunction(client *containerd.Client, name string) (Function, error) {
+	ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), faasd.FunctionNamespace)
+	c, err := client.LoadContainer(ctx, name)
+
+	if err == nil {
+		image, _ := c.Image(ctx)
+
+		containerName := c.ID()
+		allLabels, labelErr := c.Labels(ctx)
+
+		if labelErr != nil {
+			log.Printf("cannot list container %s labels: %s", containerName, labelErr.Error())
+		}
+
+		labels, annotations := buildLabelsAndAnnotations(allLabels)
+
+		f := Function{
+			name:        containerName,
+			namespace:   faasd.FunctionNamespace,
+			image:       image.Name(),
+			labels:      labels,
+			annotations: annotations,
+		}
+
+		replicas := 0
+		task, err := c.Task(ctx, nil)
+		if err == nil {
+			// Task for container exists
+			svc, err := task.Status(ctx)
+			if err != nil {
+				return Function{}, fmt.Errorf("unable to get task status for container: %s %s", name, err)
+			}
+
+			if svc.Status == "running" {
+				replicas = 1
+				f.pid = task.Pid()
+
+				// Get container IP address
+				ip, err := cninetwork.GetIPfromPID(int(task.Pid()))
+				if err != nil {
+					return Function{}, err
+				}
+				f.IP = ip.String()
+			}
+		} else {
+			replicas = 0
+		}
+
+		f.replicas = replicas
+		return f, nil
+	}
+
+	return Function{}, fmt.Errorf("unable to find function: %s, error %s", name, err)
+}
+
+func buildLabelsAndAnnotations(ctrLabels map[string]string) (labels map[string]string, annotations map[string]string) {
+	for k, v := range ctrLabels {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(k, annotationLabelPrefix) {
+			if annotations == nil {
+				annotations = make(map[string]string)
+			}
+
+			annotations[strings.TrimPrefix(k, annotationLabelPrefix)] = v
+		} else {
+			if labels == nil {
+				labels = make(map[string]string)
+			}
+
+			labels[k] = v
+		}
+	}
+
+	return labels, annotations
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/functions_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func Test_BuildLabelsAndAnnotationsFromServiceSpec_Annotations(t *testing.T) {
+	container := map[string]string{
+		"qwer": "ty",
+		"dvor": "ak",
+		fmt.Sprintf("%scurrent-time", annotationLabelPrefix): "5 Nov 20:10:20 PST 1955",
+		fmt.Sprintf("%sfuture-time", annotationLabelPrefix):  "21 Oct 20:10:20 PST 2015",
+	}
+
+	labels, annotation := buildLabelsAndAnnotations(container)
+
+	if len(labels) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("want: %d labels got: %d", 2, len(labels))
+	}
+
+	if len(annotation) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("want: %d annotation got: %d", 1, len(annotation))
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := annotation["current-time"]; !ok {
+		t.Errorf("want: '%s' entry in annotation map got: key not found", "current-time")
+	}
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/info.go

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
+)
+
+const (
+	// OrchestrationIdentifier identifier string for provider orchestration
+	OrchestrationIdentifier = "containerd"
+
+	// ProviderName name of the provider
+	ProviderName = "faasd"
+)
+
+//MakeInfoHandler creates handler for /system/info endpoint
+func MakeInfoHandler(version, sha string) http.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.Body != nil {
+			defer r.Body.Close()
+		}
+
+		infoResponse := types.InfoResponse{
+			Orchestration: OrchestrationIdentifier,
+			Provider:      ProviderName,
+			Version: types.ProviderVersion{
+				Release: version,
+				SHA:     sha,
+			},
+		}
+
+		jsonOut, marshalErr := json.Marshal(infoResponse)
+		if marshalErr != nil {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		}
+
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write(jsonOut)
+	}
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/info_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func Test_InfoHandler(t *testing.T) {
+	sha := "4b825dc642cb6eb9a060e54bf8d69288fbee4904"
+	version := "0.0.1"
+	handler := MakeInfoHandler(version, sha)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+	handler(w, r)
+
+	resp := types.InfoResponse{}
+	err := json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &resp)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error unmarshalling the response")
+	}
+
+	if resp.Provider != ProviderName {
+		t.Fatalf("expected provider %q, got %q", ProviderName, resp.Provider)
+	}
+
+	if resp.Orchestration != OrchestrationIdentifier {
+		t.Fatalf("expected orchestration %q, got %q", OrchestrationIdentifier, resp.Orchestration)
+	}
+
+	if resp.Version.SHA != sha {
+		t.Fatalf("expected orchestration %q, got %q", sha, resp.Version.SHA)
+	}
+
+	if resp.Version.Release != version {
+		t.Fatalf("expected release %q, got %q", version, resp.Version.Release)
+	}
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/invoke_resolver.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"net/url"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
+)
+
+const watchdogPort = 8080
+
+type InvokeResolver struct {
+	client *containerd.Client
+}
+
+func NewInvokeResolver(client *containerd.Client) *InvokeResolver {
+	return &InvokeResolver{client: client}
+}
+
+func (i *InvokeResolver) Resolve(functionName string) (url.URL, error) {
+	log.Printf("Resolve: %q\n", functionName)
+
+	function, err := GetFunction(i.client, functionName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return url.URL{}, fmt.Errorf("%s not found", functionName)
+	}
+
+	serviceIP := function.IP
+
+	urlStr := fmt.Sprintf("http://%s:%d", serviceIP, watchdogPort)
+
+	urlRes, err := url.Parse(urlStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return url.URL{}, err
+	}
+
+	return *urlRes, nil
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/read.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
+)
+
+func MakeReadHandler(client *containerd.Client) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+
+		res := []types.FunctionStatus{}
+		funcs, err := ListFunctions(client)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("[Read] error listing functions. Error: %s\n", err)
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+		for _, function := range funcs {
+
+			res = append(res, types.FunctionStatus{
+				Name:        function.name,
+				Image:       function.image,
+				Replicas:    uint64(function.replicas),
+				Namespace:   function.namespace,
+				Labels:      &function.labels,
+				Annotations: &function.annotations,
+			})
+		}
+
+		body, _ := json.Marshal(res)
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write(body)
+
+	}
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/replicas.go

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
+)
+
+func MakeReplicaReaderHandler(client *containerd.Client) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		vars := mux.Vars(r)
+		functionName := vars["name"]
+
+		if f, err := GetFunction(client, functionName); err == nil {
+			found := types.FunctionStatus{
+				Name:              functionName,
+				AvailableReplicas: uint64(f.replicas),
+				Replicas:          uint64(f.replicas),
+				Namespace:         f.namespace,
+				Labels:            &f.labels,
+				Annotations:       &f.annotations,
+			}
+
+			functionBytes, _ := json.Marshal(found)
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			w.Write(functionBytes)
+		} else {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNotFound)
+		}
+	}
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/scale.go

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/namespaces"
+	gocni "github.com/containerd/go-cni"
+
+	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
+	faasd "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
+)
+
+func MakeReplicaUpdateHandler(client *containerd.Client, cni gocni.CNI) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+
+		if r.Body == nil {
+			http.Error(w, "expected a body", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
+		defer r.Body.Close()
+
+		body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		log.Printf("[Scale] request: %s\n", string(body))
+
+		req := types.ScaleServiceRequest{}
+		err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req)
+
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("[Scale] error parsing input: %s\n", err)
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+
+			return
+		}
+
+		name := req.ServiceName
+
+		if _, err := GetFunction(client, name); err != nil {
+			msg := fmt.Sprintf("service %s not found", name)
+			log.Printf("[Scale] %s\n", msg)
+			http.Error(w, msg, http.StatusNotFound)
+			return
+		}
+
+		ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), faasd.FunctionNamespace)
+
+		ctr, ctrErr := client.LoadContainer(ctx, name)
+		if ctrErr != nil {
+			msg := fmt.Sprintf("cannot load service %s, error: %s", name, ctrErr)
+			log.Printf("[Scale] %s\n", msg)
+			http.Error(w, msg, http.StatusNotFound)
+			return
+		}
+
+		var taskExists bool
+		var taskStatus *containerd.Status
+
+		task, taskErr := ctr.Task(ctx, nil)
+		if taskErr != nil {
+			msg := fmt.Sprintf("cannot load task for service %s, error: %s", name, taskErr)
+			log.Printf("[Scale] %s\n", msg)
+			taskExists = false
+		} else {
+			taskExists = true
+			status, statusErr := task.Status(ctx)
+			if statusErr != nil {
+				msg := fmt.Sprintf("cannot load task status for %s, error: %s", name, statusErr)
+				log.Printf("[Scale] %s\n", msg)
+				http.Error(w, msg, http.StatusInternalServerError)
+				return
+			} else {
+				taskStatus = &status
+			}
+		}
+
+		createNewTask := false
+
+		// Scale to zero
+		if req.Replicas == 0 {
+			// If a task is running, pause it
+			if taskExists && taskStatus.Status == containerd.Running {
+				if pauseErr := task.Pause(ctx); pauseErr != nil {
+					wrappedPauseErr := fmt.Errorf("error pausing task %s, error: %s", name, pauseErr)
+					log.Printf("[Scale] %s\n", wrappedPauseErr.Error())
+					http.Error(w, wrappedPauseErr.Error(), http.StatusNotFound)
+					return
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if taskExists {
+			if taskStatus != nil {
+				if taskStatus.Status == containerd.Paused {
+					if resumeErr := task.Resume(ctx); resumeErr != nil {
+						log.Printf("[Scale] error resuming task %s, error: %s\n", name, resumeErr)
+						http.Error(w, resumeErr.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+						return
+					}
+				} else if taskStatus.Status == containerd.Stopped {
+					// Stopped tasks cannot be restarted, must be removed, and created again
+					if _, delErr := task.Delete(ctx); delErr != nil {
+						log.Printf("[Scale] error deleting stopped task %s, error: %s\n", name, delErr)
+						http.Error(w, delErr.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+						return
+					}
+					createNewTask = true
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+			createNewTask = true
+		}
+
+		if createNewTask {
+			deployErr := createTask(ctx, client, ctr, cni)
+			if deployErr != nil {
+				log.Printf("[Scale] error deploying %s, error: %s\n", name, deployErr)
+				http.Error(w, deployErr.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/secret.go

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
+)
+
+const secretFilePermission = 0644
+
+func MakeSecretHandler(c *containerd.Client, mountPath string) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+
+	err := os.MkdirAll(mountPath, secretFilePermission)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Creating path: %s, error: %s\n", mountPath, err)
+	}
+
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.Body != nil {
+			defer r.Body.Close()
+		}
+
+		switch r.Method {
+		case http.MethodGet:
+			listSecrets(c, w, r, mountPath)
+		case http.MethodPost:
+			createSecret(c, w, r, mountPath)
+		case http.MethodPut:
+			createSecret(c, w, r, mountPath)
+		case http.MethodDelete:
+			deleteSecret(c, w, r, mountPath)
+		default:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
+	}
+}
+
+func listSecrets(c *containerd.Client, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, mountPath string) {
+	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(mountPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
+	secrets := []types.Secret{}
+	for _, f := range files {
+		secrets = append(secrets, types.Secret{Name: f.Name()})
+	}
+
+	bytesOut, _ := json.Marshal(secrets)
+	w.Write(bytesOut)
+}
+
+func createSecret(c *containerd.Client, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, mountPath string) {
+	secret, err := parseSecret(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[secret] error %s", err.Error())
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
+	err = ioutil.WriteFile(path.Join(mountPath, secret.Name), []byte(secret.Value), secretFilePermission)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[secret] error %s", err.Error())
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+func deleteSecret(c *containerd.Client, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, mountPath string) {
+	secret, err := parseSecret(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[secret] error %s", err.Error())
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
+	err = os.Remove(path.Join(mountPath, secret.Name))
+
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[secret] error %s", err.Error())
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+}
+
+func parseSecret(r *http.Request) (types.Secret, error) {
+	secret := types.Secret{}
+	bytesOut, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return secret, err
+	}
+
+	err = json.Unmarshal(bytesOut, &secret)
+	if err != nil {
+		return secret, err
+	}
+
+	if isTraversal(secret.Name) {
+		return secret, fmt.Errorf(traverseErrorSt)
+	}
+
+	return secret, err
+}
+
+const traverseErrorSt = "directory traversal found in name"
+
+func isTraversal(name string) bool {
+	return strings.Contains(name, fmt.Sprintf("%s", string(os.PathSeparator))) ||
+		strings.Contains(name, "..")
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/secret_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
+)
+
+func Test_parseSecretValidName(t *testing.T) {
+
+	s := types.Secret{Name: "authorized_keys"}
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(s)
+	reader := bytes.NewReader(body)
+	r := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", reader)
+	_, err := parseSecret(r)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("secret name is valid with no traversal characters")
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_parseSecretValidNameWithDot(t *testing.T) {
+
+	s := types.Secret{Name: "authorized.keys"}
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(s)
+	reader := bytes.NewReader(body)
+	r := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", reader)
+	_, err := parseSecret(r)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("secret name is valid with no traversal characters")
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_parseSecretWithTraversalWithSlash(t *testing.T) {
+
+	s := types.Secret{Name: "/root/.ssh/authorized_keys"}
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(s)
+	reader := bytes.NewReader(body)
+	r := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", reader)
+	_, err := parseSecret(r)
+
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("secret name should fail due to path traversal")
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_parseSecretWithTraversalWithDoubleDot(t *testing.T) {
+
+	s := types.Secret{Name: ".."}
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(s)
+	reader := bytes.NewReader(body)
+	r := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", reader)
+	_, err := parseSecret(r)
+
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("secret name should fail due to path traversal")
+	}
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/update.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/namespaces"
+	gocni "github.com/containerd/go-cni"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
+
+	faasd "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/cninetwork"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/service"
+)
+
+func MakeUpdateHandler(client *containerd.Client, cni gocni.CNI, secretMountPath string, alwaysPull bool) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+
+		if r.Body == nil {
+			http.Error(w, "expected a body", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
+		defer r.Body.Close()
+
+		body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		log.Printf("[Update] request: %s\n", string(body))
+
+		req := types.FunctionDeployment{}
+		err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("[Update] error parsing input: %s\n", err)
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+
+			return
+		}
+		name := req.Service
+
+		function, err := GetFunction(client, name)
+		if err != nil {
+			msg := fmt.Sprintf("service %s not found", name)
+			log.Printf("[Update] %s\n", msg)
+			http.Error(w, msg, http.StatusNotFound)
+			return
+		}
+
+		err = validateSecrets(secretMountPath, req.Secrets)
+		if err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		}
+
+		ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), faasd.FunctionNamespace)
+		if function.replicas != 0 {
+			err = cninetwork.DeleteCNINetwork(ctx, cni, client, name)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Printf("[Update] error removing CNI network for %s, %s\n", name, err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		containerErr := service.Remove(ctx, client, name)
+		if containerErr != nil {
+			log.Printf("[Update] error removing %s, %s\n", name, containerErr)
+			http.Error(w, containerErr.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		}
+
+		deployErr := deploy(ctx, req, client, cni, secretMountPath, alwaysPull)
+		if deployErr != nil {
+			log.Printf("[Update] error deploying %s, error: %s\n", name, deployErr)
+			http.Error(w, deployErr.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+}

pkg/proxy.go

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+package pkg
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"time"
+)
+
+// NewProxy creates a HTTP proxy to expose a host
+func NewProxy(upstream string, listenPort uint32, hostIP string, timeout time.Duration, resolver Resolver) *Proxy {
+
+	return &Proxy{
+		Upstream: upstream,
+		Port:     listenPort,
+		HostIP:   hostIP,
+		Timeout:  timeout,
+		Resolver: resolver,
+	}
+}
+
+// Proxy for exposing a private container
+type Proxy struct {
+	Timeout time.Duration
+
+	// Port on which to listen to traffic
+	Port uint32
+
+	// Upstream is where to send traffic when received
+	Upstream string
+
+	// The IP to use to bind locally
+	HostIP string
+
+	Resolver Resolver
+}
+
+// Start listening and forwarding HTTP to the host
+func (p *Proxy) Start() error {
+
+	http.DefaultClient.CheckRedirect = func(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
+		return http.ErrUseLastResponse
+	}
+	upstreamHost, upstreamPort, err := getUpstream(p.Upstream, p.Port)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("Looking up IP for: %q", upstreamHost)
+	got := make(chan string, 1)
+
+	go p.Resolver.Get(upstreamHost, got, time.Second*5)
+
+	ipAddress := <-got
+	close(got)
+
+	upstreamAddr := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", ipAddress, upstreamPort)
+
+	localBind := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", p.HostIP, p.Port)
+	log.Printf("Proxy from: %s, to: %s (%s)\n", localBind, p.Upstream, ipAddress)
+
+	l, err := net.Listen("tcp", localBind)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Error: %s", err.Error())
+		return err
+	}
+
+	defer l.Close()
+	for {
+		// Wait for a connection.
+		conn, err := l.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			acceptErr := fmt.Errorf("Unable to accept on %d, error: %s",
+				p.Port,
+				err.Error())
+			log.Printf("%s", acceptErr.Error())
+			return acceptErr
+		}
+
+		upstream, err := net.Dial("tcp", upstreamAddr)
+
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("unable to dial to %s, error: %s", upstreamAddr, err.Error())
+			return err
+		}
+
+		go pipe(conn, upstream)
+		go pipe(upstream, conn)
+	}
+}
+
+func pipe(from net.Conn, to net.Conn) {
+	defer from.Close()
+	io.Copy(from, to)
+}
+
+func getUpstream(val string, defaultPort uint32) (string, uint32, error) {
+	upstreamHostname := val
+	upstreamPort := defaultPort
+
+	if in := strings.Index(val, ":"); in > -1 {
+		upstreamHostname = val[:in]
+		port, err := strconv.ParseInt(val[in+1:], 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", defaultPort, err
+		}
+		upstreamPort = uint32(port)
+	}
+
+	return upstreamHostname, upstreamPort, nil
+}

pkg/proxy_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package pkg
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func Test_Proxy_ToPrivateServer(t *testing.T) {
+
+	wantBodyText := "OK"
+	wantBody := []byte(wantBodyText)
+	upstreamSvr := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+
+		if r.Body != nil {
+			defer r.Body.Close()
+		}
+
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write(wantBody)
+
+	}))
+
+	defer upstreamSvr.Close()
+	port := 8080
+	u, _ := url.Parse(upstreamSvr.URL)
+	log.Println("Host", u.Host)
+
+	upstreamAddr := u.Host
+	proxy := NewProxy(upstreamAddr, 8080, "127.0.0.1", time.Second*1, &mockResolver{})
+
+	gwChan := make(chan string, 1)
+	doneCh := make(chan bool)
+
+	go proxy.Start()
+
+	wg := sync.WaitGroup{}
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		gwChan <- u.Host
+		wg.Done()
+	}()
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, fmt.Sprintf("http://127.0.0.1:%d", port), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	for i := 1; i < 11; i++ {
+		res, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Logf("Try %d, gave error: %s", i, err)
+
+			time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
+		} else {
+
+			resBody, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+			if string(resBody) != string(wantBody) {
+				t.Errorf("want %s, but got %s in body", string(wantBody), string(resBody))
+			}
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		doneCh <- true
+	}()
+}
+
+type mockResolver struct {
+}
+
+func (m *mockResolver) Start() {
+
+}
+
+func (m *mockResolver) Get(upstream string, got chan<- string, timeout time.Duration) {
+	got <- upstream
+}

pkg/resolver.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+package pkg
+
+import "time"
+
+// Resolver resolves an upstream IP address for a given upstream host
+type Resolver interface {
+	// Start any polling or connections required to resolve
+	Start()
+
+	// Get an IP address using an asynchronous operation
+	Get(upstream string, got chan<- string, timeout time.Duration)
+}

pkg/service/service.go

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+package service
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/errdefs"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/remotes"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/remotes/docker"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/config"
+	"github.com/docker/cli/cli/config/configfile"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+// dockerConfigDir contains "config.json"
+const dockerConfigDir = "/var/lib/faasd/.docker/"
+
+// Remove removes a container
+func Remove(ctx context.Context, client *containerd.Client, name string) error {
+
+	container, containerErr := client.LoadContainer(ctx, name)
+
+	if containerErr == nil {
+		found := true
+		t, err := container.Task(ctx, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			if errdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
+				found = false
+			} else {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unable to get task %s: ", err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if found {
+			status, _ := t.Status(ctx)
+			fmt.Printf("Status of %s is: %s\n", name, status.Status)
+
+			log.Printf("Need to kill %s\n", name)
+			err := killTask(ctx, t)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("error killing task %s, %s, %s", container.ID(), name, err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		err = container.Delete(ctx, containerd.WithSnapshotCleanup)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("error deleting container %s, %s, %s", container.ID(), name, err)
+		}
+	} else {
+		service := client.SnapshotService("")
+		key := name + "snapshot"
+		if _, err := client.SnapshotService("").Stat(ctx, key); err == nil {
+			service.Remove(ctx, key)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Adapted from Stellar - https://github.com/stellar
+func killTask(ctx context.Context, task containerd.Task) error {
+
+	killTimeout := 30 * time.Second
+
+	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
+	wg.Add(1)
+	var err error
+	go func() {
+		defer wg.Done()
+		if task != nil {
+			wait, err := task.Wait(ctx)
+			if err != nil {
+				err = fmt.Errorf("error waiting on task: %s", err)
+				return
+			}
+			if err := task.Kill(ctx, unix.SIGTERM, containerd.WithKillAll); err != nil {
+				log.Printf("error killing container task: %s", err)
+			}
+
+			select {
+			case <-wait:
+				task.Delete(ctx)
+				return
+			case <-time.After(killTimeout):
+				if err := task.Kill(ctx, unix.SIGKILL, containerd.WithKillAll); err != nil {
+					log.Printf("error force killing container task: %s", err)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	return err
+}
+
+func getResolver(ctx context.Context, configFile *configfile.ConfigFile) (remotes.Resolver, error) {
+	// credsFunc is based on https://github.com/moby/buildkit/blob/0b130cca040246d2ddf55117eeff34f546417e40/session/auth/authprovider/authprovider.go#L35
+	credFunc := func(host string) (string, string, error) {
+		if host == "registry-1.docker.io" {
+			host = "https://index.docker.io/v1/"
+		}
+		ac, err := configFile.GetAuthConfig(host)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", "", err
+		}
+		if ac.IdentityToken != "" {
+			return "", ac.IdentityToken, nil
+		}
+		return ac.Username, ac.Password, nil
+	}
+	authOpts := []docker.AuthorizerOpt{docker.WithAuthCreds(credFunc)}
+	authorizer := docker.NewDockerAuthorizer(authOpts...)
+	opts := docker.ResolverOptions{
+		Hosts: docker.ConfigureDefaultRegistries(docker.WithAuthorizer(authorizer)),
+	}
+	return docker.NewResolver(opts), nil
+}
+
+func PrepareImage(ctx context.Context, client *containerd.Client, imageName, snapshotter string, pullAlways bool) (containerd.Image, error) {
+	var (
+		empty    containerd.Image
+		resolver remotes.Resolver
+	)
+
+	if _, stErr := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dockerConfigDir, config.ConfigFileName)); stErr == nil {
+		configFile, err := config.Load(dockerConfigDir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		resolver, err = getResolver(ctx, configFile)
+		if err != nil {
+			return empty, err
+		}
+	} else if !os.IsNotExist(stErr) {
+		return empty, stErr
+	}
+
+	var image containerd.Image
+	if pullAlways {
+		img, err := pullImage(ctx, client, resolver, imageName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return empty, err
+		}
+
+		image = img
+	} else {
+
+		img, err := client.GetImage(ctx, imageName)
+		if err != nil {
+			if !errdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
+				return empty, err
+			}
+			img, err := pullImage(ctx, client, resolver, imageName)
+			if err != nil {
+				return empty, err
+			}
+			image = img
+		} else {
+			image = img
+		}
+	}
+
+	unpacked, err := image.IsUnpacked(ctx, snapshotter)
+	if err != nil {
+		return empty, fmt.Errorf("cannot check if unpacked: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if !unpacked {
+		if err := image.Unpack(ctx, snapshotter); err != nil {
+			return empty, fmt.Errorf("cannot unpack: %s", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return image, nil
+}
+
+func pullImage(ctx context.Context, client *containerd.Client, resolver remotes.Resolver, imageName string) (containerd.Image, error) {
+
+	var empty containerd.Image
+
+	rOpts := []containerd.RemoteOpt{
+		containerd.WithPullUnpack,
+	}
+	if resolver != nil {
+		rOpts = append(rOpts, containerd.WithResolver(resolver))
+	}
+	img, err := client.Pull(ctx, imageName, rOpts...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return empty, fmt.Errorf("cannot pull: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	return img, nil
+}

pkg/supervisor.go

@@ -6,111 +6,135 @@ import (
 	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
 	"os"
-	"os/exec"
 	"path"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
+	"sort"
 
-	"github.com/alexellis/faasd/pkg/weave"
+	"github.com/alexellis/k3sup/pkg/env"
+	"github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/loader"
+	compose "github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/types"
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/cio"
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/containers"
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/errdefs"
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/oci"
+	gocni "github.com/containerd/go-cni"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/cninetwork"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/service"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/namespaces"
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd/oci"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
 )
 
-const defaultSnapshotter = "overlayfs"
+const (
+	defaultSnapshotter         = "overlayfs"
+	workingDirectoryPermission = 0644
+	// faasdNamespace is the containerd namespace services are created
+	faasdNamespace         = "default"
+	faasServicesPullAlways = false
+)
+
+type Service struct {
+	Image     string
+	Env       []string
+	Name      string
+	Mounts    []Mount
+	Caps      []string
+	Args      []string
+	DependsOn []string
+	Ports     []ServicePort
+}
+
+type ServicePort struct {
+	TargetPort uint32
+	Port       uint32
+	HostIP     string
+}
+
+type Mount struct {
+	Src  string
+	Dest string
+}
 
 type Supervisor struct {
 	client *containerd.Client
+	cni    gocni.CNI
 }
 
 func NewSupervisor(sock string) (*Supervisor, error) {
 	client, err := containerd.New(sock)
 	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	cni, err := cninetwork.InitNetwork()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	return &Supervisor{
 		client: client,
+		cni:    cni,
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func (s *Supervisor) Close() {
-	defer s.client.Close()
-}
-
 func (s *Supervisor) Start(svcs []Service) error {
-	ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), "default")
+	ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), faasdNamespace)
 
 	wd, _ := os.Getwd()
 
+	gw, err := cninetwork.CNIGateway()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	hosts := fmt.Sprintf(`
+127.0.0.1	localhost
+%s	faasd-provider`, gw)
+
 	writeHostsErr := ioutil.WriteFile(path.Join(wd, "hosts"),
-		[]byte(`127.0.0.1	localhost
-172.19.0.1	faas-containerd`), 0644)
+		[]byte(hosts), workingDirectoryPermission)
 
 	if writeHostsErr != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("cannot write hosts file: %s", writeHostsErr)
 	}
-	// os.Chown("hosts", 101, 101)
 
 	images := map[string]containerd.Image{}
 
 	for _, svc := range svcs {
-		fmt.Printf("Preparing: %s\n", svc.Name)
+		fmt.Printf("Preparing %s with image: %s\n", svc.Name, svc.Image)
 
-		img, err := prepareImage(ctx, s.client, svc.Image)
+		img, err := service.PrepareImage(ctx, s.client, svc.Image, defaultSnapshotter, faasServicesPullAlways)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		images[svc.Name] = img
 		size, _ := img.Size(ctx)
 		fmt.Printf("Prepare done for: %s, %d bytes\n", svc.Image, size)
-
 	}
 
 	for _, svc := range svcs {
-		fmt.Printf("Reconciling: %s\n", svc.Name)
+		fmt.Printf("Removing old container for: %s\n", svc.Name)
+		containerErr := service.Remove(ctx, s.client, svc.Name)
+		if containerErr != nil {
+			return containerErr
+		}
+	}
+
+	order := buildDeploymentOrder(svcs)
+
+	for _, key := range order {
+
+		var svc *Service
+		for _, s := range svcs {
+			if s.Name == key {
+				svc = &s
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		fmt.Printf("Starting: %s\n", svc.Name)
 
 		image := images[svc.Name]
 
-		container, containerErr := s.client.LoadContainer(ctx, svc.Name)
-
-		if containerErr == nil {
-			found := true
-			t, err := container.Task(ctx, nil)
-			if err != nil {
-				if errdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
-					found = false
-				} else {
-					return fmt.Errorf("unable to get task %s: ", err)
-				}
-			}
-
-			if found {
-				status, _ := t.Status(ctx)
-				fmt.Println("Status:", status.Status)
-
-				// if status.Status == containerd.Running {
-				log.Println("need to kill", svc.Name)
-				err := killTask(ctx, t)
-				if err != nil {
-					return fmt.Errorf("error killing task %s, %s, %s", container.ID(), svc.Name, err)
-				}
-				// }
-			}
-
-			err = container.Delete(ctx, containerd.WithSnapshotCleanup)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("error deleting container %s, %s, %s", container.ID(), svc.Name, err)
-			}
-
-		}
-
 		mounts := []specs.Mount{}
 		if len(svc.Mounts) > 0 {
 			for _, mnt := range svc.Mounts {
@@ -121,7 +145,6 @@ func (s *Supervisor) Start(svcs []Service) error {
 					Options:     []string{"rbind", "rw"},
 				})
 			}
-
 		}
 
 		mounts = append(mounts, specs.Mount{
@@ -138,28 +161,7 @@ func (s *Supervisor) Start(svcs []Service) error {
 			Options:     []string{"rbind", "ro"},
 		})
 
-		hook := func(_ context.Context, _ oci.Client, _ *containers.Container, s *specs.Spec) error {
-			if s.Hooks == nil {
-				s.Hooks = &specs.Hooks{}
-			}
-			netnsPath, err := exec.LookPath("netns")
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-
-			s.Hooks.Prestart = []specs.Hook{
-				{
-					Path: netnsPath,
-					Args: []string{
-						"netns",
-					},
-					Env: os.Environ(),
-				},
-			}
-			return nil
-		}
-
-		newContainer, containerCreateErr := s.client.NewContainer(
+		newContainer, err := s.client.NewContainer(
 			ctx,
 			svc.Name,
 			containerd.WithImage(image),
@@ -168,47 +170,60 @@ func (s *Supervisor) Start(svcs []Service) error {
 				oci.WithCapabilities(svc.Caps),
 				oci.WithMounts(mounts),
 				withOCIArgs(svc.Args),
-				hook,
 				oci.WithEnv(svc.Env)),
 		)
 
-		if containerCreateErr != nil {
-			log.Println(containerCreateErr)
-			return containerCreateErr
-		}
-
-		log.Printf("Created container %s\n", newContainer.ID())
-
-		task, err := newContainer.NewTask(ctx, cio.NewCreator(cio.WithStdio))
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Println(err)
+			log.Printf("Error creating container: %s\n", err)
 			return err
 		}
 
-		ip := getIP(container.ID(), task.Pid())
+		log.Printf("Created container: %s\n", newContainer.ID())
+
+		task, err := newContainer.NewTask(ctx, cio.BinaryIO("/usr/local/bin/faasd", nil))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("Error creating task: %s\n", err)
+			return err
+		}
+
+		labels := map[string]string{}
+		network, err := cninetwork.CreateCNINetwork(ctx, s.cni, task, labels)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("Error creating CNI for %s: %s", svc.Name, err)
+			return err
+		}
+
+		ip, err := cninetwork.GetIPAddress(network, task)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("Error getting IP for %s: %s", svc.Name, err)
+			return err
+		}
+
+		log.Printf("%s has IP: %s\n", newContainer.ID(), ip.String())
 
 		hosts, _ := ioutil.ReadFile("hosts")
 
 		hosts = []byte(string(hosts) + fmt.Sprintf(`
 %s	%s
 `, ip, svc.Name))
-		writeErr := ioutil.WriteFile("hosts", hosts, 0644)
+		writeErr := ioutil.WriteFile("hosts", hosts, workingDirectoryPermission)
 
 		if writeErr != nil {
-			log.Println("Error writing hosts file")
+			log.Printf("Error writing file %s %s\n", "hosts", writeErr)
 		}
 		// os.Chown("hosts", 101, 101)
 
-		exitStatusC, err := task.Wait(ctx)
+		_, err = task.Wait(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Println(err)
+			log.Printf("Wait err: %s\n", err)
 			return err
 		}
-		log.Println("Exited: ", exitStatusC)
 
-		// call start on the task to execute the redis server
-		if err := task.Start(ctx); err != nil {
-			log.Println("Task err: ", err)
+		log.Printf("Task: %s\tContainer: %s\n", task.ID(), newContainer.ID())
+		// log.Println("Exited: ", exitStatusC)
+
+		if err = task.Start(ctx); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("Task err: %s\n", err)
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -216,68 +231,26 @@ func (s *Supervisor) Start(svcs []Service) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func prepareImage(ctx context.Context, client *containerd.Client, imageName string) (containerd.Image, error) {
-	snapshotter := defaultSnapshotter
+func (s *Supervisor) Close() {
+	defer s.client.Close()
+}
 
-	var empty containerd.Image
-	image, err := client.GetImage(ctx, imageName)
-	if err != nil {
-		if !errdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
-			return empty, err
-		}
+func (s *Supervisor) Remove(svcs []Service) error {
+	ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), faasdNamespace)
 
-		img, err := client.Pull(ctx, imageName, containerd.WithPullUnpack)
+	for _, svc := range svcs {
+		err := cninetwork.DeleteCNINetwork(ctx, s.cni, s.client, svc.Name)
 		if err != nil {
-			return empty, fmt.Errorf("cannot pull: %s", err)
+			log.Printf("[Delete] error removing CNI network for %s, %s\n", svc.Name, err)
+			return err
 		}
-		image = img
-	}
 
-	unpacked, err := image.IsUnpacked(ctx, snapshotter)
-	if err != nil {
-		return empty, fmt.Errorf("cannot check if unpacked: %s", err)
-	}
-
-	if !unpacked {
-		if err := image.Unpack(ctx, snapshotter); err != nil {
-			return empty, fmt.Errorf("cannot unpack: %s", err)
+		err = service.Remove(ctx, s.client, svc.Name)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
 	}
-
-	return image, nil
-}
-
-func getIP(containerID string, taskPID uint32) string {
-	// https://github.com/weaveworks/weave/blob/master/net/netdev.go
-
-	peerIDs, err := weave.ConnectedToBridgeVethPeerIds("netns0")
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	addrs, addrsErr := weave.GetNetDevsByVethPeerIds(int(taskPID), peerIDs)
-	if addrsErr != nil {
-		log.Fatal(addrsErr)
-	}
-	if len(addrs) > 0 {
-		return addrs[0].CIDRs[0].IP.String()
-	}
-
-	return ""
-}
-
-type Service struct {
-	Image  string
-	Env    []string
-	Name   string
-	Mounts []Mount
-	Caps   []string
-	Args   []string
-}
-
-type Mount struct {
-	Src  string
-	Dest string
+	return nil
 }
 
 func withOCIArgs(args []string) oci.SpecOpts {
@@ -286,41 +259,139 @@ func withOCIArgs(args []string) oci.SpecOpts {
 	}
 
 	return func(_ context.Context, _ oci.Client, _ *containers.Container, s *oci.Spec) error {
-
 		return nil
 	}
-
 }
 
-// From Stellar
-func killTask(ctx context.Context, task containerd.Task) error {
-	wg := &sync.WaitGroup{}
-	wg.Add(1)
-	var err error
-	go func() {
-		defer wg.Done()
-		if task != nil {
-			wait, err := task.Wait(ctx)
-			if err != nil {
-				err = fmt.Errorf("error waiting on task: %s", err)
-				return
-			}
-			if err := task.Kill(ctx, unix.SIGTERM, containerd.WithKillAll); err != nil {
-				log.Printf("error killing container task: %s", err)
-			}
-			select {
-			case <-wait:
-				task.Delete(ctx)
-				return
-			case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
-				if err := task.Kill(ctx, unix.SIGKILL, containerd.WithKillAll); err != nil {
-					log.Printf("error force killing container task: %s", err)
-				}
-				return
+// ParseCompose converts a docker-compose Config into a service list that we can
+// pass to the supervisor client Start.
+//
+// The only anticipated error is a failure if the value mounts are not of type 	`bind`.
+func ParseCompose(config *compose.Config) ([]Service, error) {
+	services := make([]Service, len(config.Services))
+	for idx, s := range config.Services {
+		// environment is a map[string]*string
+		// but we want a []string
+
+		var env []string
+
+		envKeys := sortedEnvKeys(s.Environment)
+		for _, name := range envKeys {
+			value := s.Environment[name]
+			if value == nil {
+				env = append(env, fmt.Sprintf(`%s=""`, name))
+			} else {
+				env = append(env, fmt.Sprintf(`%s=%s`, name, *value))
 			}
 		}
-	}()
-	wg.Wait()
 
-	return err
+		var mounts []Mount
+		for _, v := range s.Volumes {
+			if v.Type != "bind" {
+				return nil, errors.Errorf("unsupported volume mount type '%s' when parsing service '%s'", v.Type, s.Name)
+			}
+			mounts = append(mounts, Mount{
+				Src:  v.Source,
+				Dest: v.Target,
+			})
+		}
+
+		services[idx] = Service{
+			Name:  s.Name,
+			Image: s.Image,
+			// ShellCommand is just an alias of string slice
+			Args:      []string(s.Command),
+			Caps:      s.CapAdd,
+			Env:       env,
+			Mounts:    mounts,
+			DependsOn: s.DependsOn,
+			Ports:     convertPorts(s.Ports),
+		}
+	}
+
+	return services, nil
+}
+
+func convertPorts(ports []compose.ServicePortConfig) []ServicePort {
+	servicePorts := []ServicePort{}
+	for _, p := range ports {
+		servicePorts = append(servicePorts, ServicePort{
+			Port:       p.Published,
+			TargetPort: p.Target,
+			HostIP:     p.HostIP,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return servicePorts
+}
+
+// LoadComposeFile is a helper method for loading a docker-compose file
+func LoadComposeFile(wd string, file string) (*compose.Config, error) {
+	return LoadComposeFileWithArch(wd, file, env.GetClientArch)
+}
+
+// LoadComposeFileWithArch is a helper method for loading a docker-compose file
+func LoadComposeFileWithArch(wd string, file string, archGetter ArchGetter) (*compose.Config, error) {
+
+	file = path.Join(wd, file)
+	b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	config, err := loader.ParseYAML(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	archSuffix, err := GetArchSuffix(archGetter)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var files []compose.ConfigFile
+	files = append(files, compose.ConfigFile{Filename: file, Config: config})
+
+	return loader.Load(compose.ConfigDetails{
+		WorkingDir:  wd,
+		ConfigFiles: files,
+		Environment: map[string]string{
+			"ARCH_SUFFIX": archSuffix,
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+func sortedEnvKeys(env map[string]*string) (keys []string) {
+	for k := range env {
+		keys = append(keys, k)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(keys)
+	return keys
+}
+
+// ArchGetter provides client CPU architecture and
+// client OS
+type ArchGetter func() (string, string)
+
+// GetArchSuffix provides client CPU architecture and
+// client OS from ArchGetter
+func GetArchSuffix(getClientArch ArchGetter) (suffix string, err error) {
+	clientArch, clientOS := getClientArch()
+
+	if clientOS != "Linux" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("you can only use faasd with Linux")
+	}
+
+	switch clientArch {
+	case "x86_64":
+		// no suffix needed
+		return "", nil
+	case "armhf", "armv7l":
+		return "-armhf", nil
+	case "arm64", "aarch64":
+		return "-arm64", nil
+	default:
+		// unknown, so use the default without suffix for now
+		return "", nil
+	}
 }

pkg/supervisor_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,262 @@
+package pkg
+
+import (
+	"path"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func Test_ParseCompose(t *testing.T) {
+
+	wd := "testdata"
+
+	want := map[string]Service{
+		"basic-auth-plugin": {
+			Name:  "basic-auth-plugin",
+			Image: "docker.io/openfaas/basic-auth-plugin:0.18.17",
+			Env: []string{
+				"pass_filename=basic-auth-password",
+				"port=8080",
+				"secret_mount_path=/run/secrets",
+				"user_filename=basic-auth-user",
+			},
+			Mounts: []Mount{
+				{
+					Src:  path.Join(wd, "secrets", "basic-auth-password"),
+					Dest: path.Join("/run/secrets", "basic-auth-password"),
+				},
+				{
+					Src:  path.Join(wd, "secrets", "basic-auth-user"),
+					Dest: path.Join("/run/secrets", "basic-auth-user"),
+				},
+			},
+			Caps: []string{"CAP_NET_RAW"},
+		},
+		"nats": {
+			Name:  "nats",
+			Image: "docker.io/library/nats-streaming:0.11.2",
+			Args:  []string{"/nats-streaming-server", "-m", "8222", "--store=memory", "--cluster_id=faas-cluster"},
+		},
+		"prometheus": {
+			Name:  "prometheus",
+			Image: "docker.io/prom/prometheus:v2.14.0",
+			Mounts: []Mount{
+				{
+					Src:  path.Join(wd, "prometheus.yml"),
+					Dest: "/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml",
+				},
+			},
+			Caps: []string{"CAP_NET_RAW"},
+		},
+		"gateway": {
+			Name: "gateway",
+			Env: []string{
+				"auth_proxy_pass_body=false",
+				"auth_proxy_url=http://basic-auth-plugin:8080/validate",
+				"basic_auth=true",
+				"direct_functions=false",
+				"faas_nats_address=nats",
+				"faas_nats_port=4222",
+				"functions_provider_url=http://faasd-provider:8081/",
+				"read_timeout=60s",
+				"scale_from_zero=true",
+				"secret_mount_path=/run/secrets",
+				"upstream_timeout=65s",
+				"write_timeout=60s",
+			},
+			Image: "docker.io/openfaas/gateway:0.18.17",
+			Mounts: []Mount{
+				{
+					Src:  path.Join(wd, "secrets", "basic-auth-password"),
+					Dest: path.Join("/run/secrets", "basic-auth-password"),
+				},
+				{
+					Src:  path.Join(wd, "secrets", "basic-auth-user"),
+					Dest: path.Join("/run/secrets", "basic-auth-user"),
+				},
+			},
+			Caps:      []string{"CAP_NET_RAW"},
+			DependsOn: []string{"nats"},
+		},
+		"queue-worker": {
+			Name: "queue-worker",
+			Env: []string{
+				"ack_wait=5m5s",
+				"basic_auth=true",
+				"faas_gateway_address=gateway",
+				"faas_nats_address=nats",
+				"faas_nats_port=4222",
+				"gateway_invoke=true",
+				"max_inflight=1",
+				"secret_mount_path=/run/secrets",
+				"write_debug=false",
+			},
+			Image: "docker.io/openfaas/queue-worker:0.11.2",
+			Mounts: []Mount{
+				{
+					Src:  path.Join(wd, "secrets", "basic-auth-password"),
+					Dest: path.Join("/run/secrets", "basic-auth-password"),
+				},
+				{
+					Src:  path.Join(wd, "secrets", "basic-auth-user"),
+					Dest: path.Join("/run/secrets", "basic-auth-user"),
+				},
+			},
+			Caps: []string{"CAP_NET_RAW"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	compose, err := LoadComposeFileWithArch(wd, "docker-compose.yaml", func() (string, string) { return "x86_64", "Linux" })
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("can't read docker-compose file: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	services, err := ParseCompose(compose)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("can't parse compose services: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if len(services) != len(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("want: %d services, got: %d", len(want), len(services))
+	}
+
+	for _, service := range services {
+		exp, ok := want[service.Name]
+
+		if service.Name == "gateway" {
+			if len(service.DependsOn) == 0 {
+				t.Fatalf("gateway should have at least one depends_on entry")
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !ok {
+			t.Fatalf("incorrect service: %s", service.Name)
+		}
+
+		if service.Name != exp.Name {
+			t.Fatalf("incorrect service Name:\n\twant: %s,\n\tgot: %s", exp.Name, service.Name)
+		}
+
+		if service.Image != exp.Image {
+			t.Fatalf("incorrect service Image:\n\twant: %s,\n\tgot: %s", exp.Image, service.Image)
+		}
+
+		equalStringSlice(t, exp.Env, service.Env)
+		equalStringSlice(t, exp.Caps, service.Caps)
+		equalStringSlice(t, exp.Args, service.Args)
+
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(exp.Mounts, service.Mounts) {
+			t.Fatalf("incorrect service Mounts:\n\twant: %+v,\n\tgot: %+v", exp.Mounts, service.Mounts)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func equalStringSlice(t *testing.T, want, found []string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if (want == nil) != (found == nil) {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected nil slice: want %+v, got %+v", want, found)
+	}
+
+	if len(want) != len(found) {
+		t.Fatalf("unequal slice length: want %+v, got %+v", want, found)
+	}
+
+	for i := range want {
+		if want[i] != found[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected value at postition %d: want %s, got %s", i, want[i], found[i])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func equalMountSlice(t *testing.T, want, found []Mount) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if (want == nil) != (found == nil) {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected nil slice: want %+v, got %+v", want, found)
+	}
+
+	if len(want) != len(found) {
+		t.Fatalf("unequal slice length: want %+v, got %+v", want, found)
+	}
+
+	for i := range want {
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(want[i], found[i]) {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected value at postition %d: want %s, got %s", i, want[i], found[i])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_GetArchSuffix(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name      string
+		want      string
+		foundArch string
+		foundOS   string
+		err       string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "error if os is not linux",
+			foundOS: "mac",
+			err:     "you can only use faasd with Linux",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "x86 has no suffix",
+			foundOS:   "Linux",
+			foundArch: "x86_64",
+			want:      "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "unknown arch has no suffix",
+			foundOS:   "Linux",
+			foundArch: "anything_else",
+			want:      "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "armhf has armhf suffix",
+			foundOS:   "Linux",
+			foundArch: "armhf",
+			want:      "-armhf",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "armv7l has armhf suffix",
+			foundOS:   "Linux",
+			foundArch: "armv7l",
+			want:      "-armhf",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "arm64 has arm64 suffix",
+			foundOS:   "Linux",
+			foundArch: "arm64",
+			want:      "-arm64",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "aarch64 has arm64 suffix",
+			foundOS:   "Linux",
+			foundArch: "aarch64",
+			want:      "-arm64",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+
+			suffix, err := GetArchSuffix(testArchGetter(tc.foundArch, tc.foundOS))
+			if tc.err != "" && err == nil {
+				t.Fatalf("want error %s but got nil", tc.err)
+			} else if tc.err != "" && err.Error() != tc.err {
+				t.Fatalf("want error %s, got %s", tc.err, err.Error())
+			} else if tc.err == "" && err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected error %s", err.Error())
+			}
+
+			if suffix != tc.want {
+				t.Fatalf("want suffix %s, got %s", tc.want, suffix)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func testArchGetter(arch, os string) ArchGetter {
+	return func() (string, string) {
+		return arch, os
+	}
+}

pkg/systemd/systemd.go

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+package systemd
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"text/template"
+
+	execute "github.com/alexellis/go-execute/pkg/v1"
+)
+
+func Enable(unit string) error {
+	task := execute.ExecTask{Command: "systemctl",
+		Args:        []string{"enable", unit},
+		StreamStdio: false,
+	}
+
+	res, err := task.Execute()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if res.ExitCode != 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error executing task %s %v, stderr: %s", task.Command, task.Args, res.Stderr)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func Start(unit string) error {
+	task := execute.ExecTask{Command: "systemctl",
+		Args:        []string{"start", unit},
+		StreamStdio: false,
+	}
+
+	res, err := task.Execute()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if res.ExitCode != 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error executing task %s %v, stderr: %s", task.Command, task.Args, res.Stderr)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func DaemonReload() error {
+	task := execute.ExecTask{Command: "systemctl",
+		Args:        []string{"daemon-reload"},
+		StreamStdio: false,
+	}
+
+	res, err := task.Execute()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if res.ExitCode != 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error executing task %s %v, stderr: %s", task.Command, task.Args, res.Stderr)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func InstallUnit(name string, tokens map[string]string) error {
+	if len(tokens["Cwd"]) == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("key Cwd expected in tokens parameter")
+	}
+
+	tmplName := "./hack/" + name + ".service"
+	tmpl, err := template.ParseFiles(tmplName)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("error loading template %s, error %s", tmplName, err)
+	}
+
+	var tpl bytes.Buffer
+
+	err = tmpl.Execute(&tpl, tokens)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = writeUnit(name+".service", tpl.Bytes())
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func writeUnit(name string, data []byte) error {
+	f, err := os.Create(filepath.Join("/lib/systemd/system", name))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	_, err = f.Write(data)
+	return err
+}

pkg/testdata/docker-compose.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+version: "3.7"
+services:
+  basic-auth-plugin:
+    image: "docker.io/openfaas/basic-auth-plugin:0.18.17${ARCH_SUFFIX}"
+    environment:
+      - port=8080
+      - secret_mount_path=/run/secrets
+      - user_filename=basic-auth-user
+      - pass_filename=basic-auth-password
+    volumes:
+      # we assume cwd == /var/lib/faasd
+      - type: bind
+        source: ./secrets/basic-auth-password
+        target: /run/secrets/basic-auth-password
+      - type: bind
+        source: ./secrets/basic-auth-user
+        target: /run/secrets/basic-auth-user
+    cap_add:
+      - CAP_NET_RAW
+
+  nats:
+    image: docker.io/library/nats-streaming:0.11.2
+    command:
+      - "/nats-streaming-server"
+      - "-m"
+      - "8222"
+      - "--store=memory"
+      - "--cluster_id=faas-cluster"
+    ports:
+       - "127.0.0.1:8222:8222"
+
+  prometheus:
+    image: docker.io/prom/prometheus:v2.14.0
+    volumes:
+      - type: bind
+        source: ./prometheus.yml
+        target: /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
+    cap_add:
+      - CAP_NET_RAW
+    ports:
+       - "127.0.0.1:9090:9090"
+
+  gateway:
+    image: "docker.io/openfaas/gateway:0.18.17${ARCH_SUFFIX}"
+    environment:
+      - basic_auth=true
+      - functions_provider_url=http://faasd-provider:8081/
+      - direct_functions=false
+      - read_timeout=60s
+      - write_timeout=60s
+      - upstream_timeout=65s
+      - faas_nats_address=nats
+      - faas_nats_port=4222
+      - auth_proxy_url=http://basic-auth-plugin:8080/validate
+      - auth_proxy_pass_body=false
+      - secret_mount_path=/run/secrets
+      - scale_from_zero=true
+    volumes:
+      # we assume cwd == /var/lib/faasd
+      - type: bind
+        source: ./secrets/basic-auth-password
+        target: /run/secrets/basic-auth-password
+      - type: bind
+        source: ./secrets/basic-auth-user
+        target: /run/secrets/basic-auth-user
+    cap_add:
+      - CAP_NET_RAW
+    depends_on:
+      - basic-auth-plugin
+      - nats
+      - prometheus
+    ports:
+       - "8080:8080"
+
+  queue-worker:
+    image: docker.io/openfaas/queue-worker:0.11.2
+    environment:
+      - faas_nats_address=nats
+      - faas_nats_port=4222
+      - gateway_invoke=true
+      - faas_gateway_address=gateway
+      - ack_wait=5m5s
+      - max_inflight=1
+      - write_debug=false
+      - basic_auth=true
+      - secret_mount_path=/run/secrets
+    volumes:
+      # we assume cwd == /var/lib/faasd
+      - type: bind
+        source: ./secrets/basic-auth-password
+        target: /run/secrets/basic-auth-password
+      - type: bind
+        source: ./secrets/basic-auth-user
+        target: /run/secrets/basic-auth-user
+    cap_add:
+      - CAP_NET_RAW
+    depends_on:
+      - nats

pkg/version.go

@@ -1,23 +1 @@
 package pkg
-
-var (
-	//GitCommit Git Commit SHA
-	GitCommit string
-	//Version version of the CLI
-	Version string
-)
-
-//GetVersion get latest version
-func GetVersion() string {
-	if len(Version) == 0 {
-		return "dev"
-	}
-	return Version
-}
-
-const Logo = `  __                     _ 
- / _| __ _  __ _ ___  __| |
-| |_ / _` + "`" + ` |/ _` + "`" + ` / __|/ _` + "`" + ` |
-|  _| (_| | (_| \__ \ (_| |
-|_|  \__,_|\__,_|___/\__,_|
-`

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/cmd/runhcs/NOTICE

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-runhcs is a fork of runc.
-
-The following is runc's legal notice.
-
----
-
-runc
-
-Copyright 2012-2015 Docker, Inc.
-
-This product includes software developed at Docker, Inc. (http://www.docker.com).
-
-The following is courtesy of our legal counsel:
-
-Use and transfer of Docker may be subject to certain restrictions by the
-United States and other governments.
-It is your responsibility to ensure that your use and/or transfer does not
-violate applicable laws.
-
-For more information, please see http://www.bis.doc.gov
-
-See also http://www.apache.org/dev/crypto.html and/or seek legal counsel.

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/mksyscall_windows.go

@@ -1,943 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2013 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
-// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
-// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-
-// +build ignore
-
-/*
-mksyscall_windows generates windows system call bodies
-
-It parses all files specified on command line containing function
-prototypes (like syscall_windows.go) and prints system call bodies
-to standard output.
-
-The prototypes are marked by lines beginning with "//sys" and read
-like func declarations if //sys is replaced by func, but:
-
-* The parameter lists must give a name for each argument. This
-  includes return parameters.
-
-* The parameter lists must give a type for each argument:
-  the (x, y, z int) shorthand is not allowed.
-
-* If the return parameter is an error number, it must be named err.
-
-* If go func name needs to be different from it's winapi dll name,
-  the winapi name could be specified at the end, after "=" sign, like
-  //sys LoadLibrary(libname string) (handle uint32, err error) = LoadLibraryA
-
-* Each function that returns err needs to supply a condition, that
-  return value of winapi will be tested against to detect failure.
-  This would set err to windows "last-error", otherwise it will be nil.
-  The value can be provided at end of //sys declaration, like
-  //sys LoadLibrary(libname string) (handle uint32, err error) [failretval==-1] = LoadLibraryA
-  and is [failretval==0] by default.
-
-Usage:
-	mksyscall_windows [flags] [path ...]
-
-The flags are:
-	-output
-		Specify output file name (outputs to console if blank).
-	-trace
-		Generate print statement after every syscall.
-*/
-package main
-
-import (
-	"bufio"
-	"bytes"
-	"errors"
-	"flag"
-	"fmt"
-	"go/format"
-	"go/parser"
-	"go/token"
-	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"log"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"runtime"
-	"sort"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"text/template"
-)
-
-var (
-	filename       = flag.String("output", "", "output file name (standard output if omitted)")
-	printTraceFlag = flag.Bool("trace", false, "generate print statement after every syscall")
-	systemDLL      = flag.Bool("systemdll", true, "whether all DLLs should be loaded from the Windows system directory")
-	winio          = flag.Bool("winio", false, "import go-winio")
-)
-
-func trim(s string) string {
-	return strings.Trim(s, " \t")
-}
-
-var packageName string
-
-func packagename() string {
-	return packageName
-}
-
-func syscalldot() string {
-	if packageName == "syscall" {
-		return ""
-	}
-	return "syscall."
-}
-
-// Param is function parameter
-type Param struct {
-	Name      string
-	Type      string
-	fn        *Fn
-	tmpVarIdx int
-}
-
-// tmpVar returns temp variable name that will be used to represent p during syscall.
-func (p *Param) tmpVar() string {
-	if p.tmpVarIdx < 0 {
-		p.tmpVarIdx = p.fn.curTmpVarIdx
-		p.fn.curTmpVarIdx++
-	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("_p%d", p.tmpVarIdx)
-}
-
-// BoolTmpVarCode returns source code for bool temp variable.
-func (p *Param) BoolTmpVarCode() string {
-	const code = `var %s uint32
-	if %s {
-		%s = 1
-	} else {
-		%s = 0
-	}`
-	tmp := p.tmpVar()
-	return fmt.Sprintf(code, tmp, p.Name, tmp, tmp)
-}
-
-// SliceTmpVarCode returns source code for slice temp variable.
-func (p *Param) SliceTmpVarCode() string {
-	const code = `var %s *%s
-	if len(%s) > 0 {
-		%s = &%s[0]
-	}`
-	tmp := p.tmpVar()
-	return fmt.Sprintf(code, tmp, p.Type[2:], p.Name, tmp, p.Name)
-}
-
-// StringTmpVarCode returns source code for string temp variable.
-func (p *Param) StringTmpVarCode() string {
-	errvar := p.fn.Rets.ErrorVarName()
-	if errvar == "" {
-		errvar = "_"
-	}
-	tmp := p.tmpVar()
-	const code = `var %s %s
-	%s, %s = %s(%s)`
-	s := fmt.Sprintf(code, tmp, p.fn.StrconvType(), tmp, errvar, p.fn.StrconvFunc(), p.Name)
-	if errvar == "-" {
-		return s
-	}
-	const morecode = `
-	if %s != nil {
-		return
-	}`
-	return s + fmt.Sprintf(morecode, errvar)
-}
-
-// TmpVarCode returns source code for temp variable.
-func (p *Param) TmpVarCode() string {
-	switch {
-	case p.Type == "bool":
-		return p.BoolTmpVarCode()
-	case strings.HasPrefix(p.Type, "[]"):
-		return p.SliceTmpVarCode()
-	default:
-		return ""
-	}
-}
-
-// TmpVarHelperCode returns source code for helper's temp variable.
-func (p *Param) TmpVarHelperCode() string {
-	if p.Type != "string" {
-		return ""
-	}
-	return p.StringTmpVarCode()
-}
-
-// SyscallArgList returns source code fragments representing p parameter
-// in syscall. Slices are translated into 2 syscall parameters: pointer to
-// the first element and length.
-func (p *Param) SyscallArgList() []string {
-	t := p.HelperType()
-	var s string
-	switch {
-	case t[0] == '*':
-		s = fmt.Sprintf("unsafe.Pointer(%s)", p.Name)
-	case t == "bool":
-		s = p.tmpVar()
-	case strings.HasPrefix(t, "[]"):
-		return []string{
-			fmt.Sprintf("uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(%s))", p.tmpVar()),
-			fmt.Sprintf("uintptr(len(%s))", p.Name),
-		}
-	default:
-		s = p.Name
-	}
-	return []string{fmt.Sprintf("uintptr(%s)", s)}
-}
-
-// IsError determines if p parameter is used to return error.
-func (p *Param) IsError() bool {
-	return p.Name == "err" && p.Type == "error"
-}
-
-// HelperType returns type of parameter p used in helper function.
-func (p *Param) HelperType() string {
-	if p.Type == "string" {
-		return p.fn.StrconvType()
-	}
-	return p.Type
-}
-
-// join concatenates parameters ps into a string with sep separator.
-// Each parameter is converted into string by applying fn to it
-// before conversion.
-func join(ps []*Param, fn func(*Param) string, sep string) string {
-	if len(ps) == 0 {
-		return ""
-	}
-	a := make([]string, 0)
-	for _, p := range ps {
-		a = append(a, fn(p))
-	}
-	return strings.Join(a, sep)
-}
-
-// Rets describes function return parameters.
-type Rets struct {
-	Name         string
-	Type         string
-	ReturnsError bool
-	FailCond     string
-}
-
-// ErrorVarName returns error variable name for r.
-func (r *Rets) ErrorVarName() string {
-	if r.ReturnsError {
-		return "err"
-	}
-	if r.Type == "error" {
-		return r.Name
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
-// ToParams converts r into slice of *Param.
-func (r *Rets) ToParams() []*Param {
-	ps := make([]*Param, 0)
-	if len(r.Name) > 0 {
-		ps = append(ps, &Param{Name: r.Name, Type: r.Type})
-	}
-	if r.ReturnsError {
-		ps = append(ps, &Param{Name: "err", Type: "error"})
-	}
-	return ps
-}
-
-// List returns source code of syscall return parameters.
-func (r *Rets) List() string {
-	s := join(r.ToParams(), func(p *Param) string { return p.Name + " " + p.Type }, ", ")
-	if len(s) > 0 {
-		s = "(" + s + ")"
-	}
-	return s
-}
-
-// PrintList returns source code of trace printing part correspondent
-// to syscall return values.
-func (r *Rets) PrintList() string {
-	return join(r.ToParams(), func(p *Param) string { return fmt.Sprintf(`"%s=", %s, `, p.Name, p.Name) }, `", ", `)
-}
-
-// SetReturnValuesCode returns source code that accepts syscall return values.
-func (r *Rets) SetReturnValuesCode() string {
-	if r.Name == "" && !r.ReturnsError {
-		return ""
-	}
-	retvar := "r0"
-	if r.Name == "" {
-		retvar = "r1"
-	}
-	errvar := "_"
-	if r.ReturnsError {
-		errvar = "e1"
-	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s, _, %s := ", retvar, errvar)
-}
-
-func (r *Rets) useLongHandleErrorCode(retvar string) string {
-	const code = `if %s {
-		if e1 != 0 {
-			err = errnoErr(e1)
-		} else {
-			err = %sEINVAL
-		}
-	}`
-	cond := retvar + " == 0"
-	if r.FailCond != "" {
-		cond = strings.Replace(r.FailCond, "failretval", retvar, 1)
-	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf(code, cond, syscalldot())
-}
-
-// SetErrorCode returns source code that sets return parameters.
-func (r *Rets) SetErrorCode() string {
-	const code = `if r0 != 0 {
-		%s = %sErrno(r0)
-	}`
-	const hrCode = `if int32(r0) < 0 {
-		if r0&0x1fff0000 == 0x00070000 {
-			r0 &= 0xffff
-		}
-		%s = %sErrno(r0)
-	}`
-	if r.Name == "" && !r.ReturnsError {
-		return ""
-	}
-	if r.Name == "" {
-		return r.useLongHandleErrorCode("r1")
-	}
-	if r.Type == "error" {
-		if r.Name == "hr" {
-			return fmt.Sprintf(hrCode, r.Name, syscalldot())
-		} else {
-			return fmt.Sprintf(code, r.Name, syscalldot())
-		}
-	}
-	s := ""
-	switch {
-	case r.Type[0] == '*':
-		s = fmt.Sprintf("%s = (%s)(unsafe.Pointer(r0))", r.Name, r.Type)
-	case r.Type == "bool":
-		s = fmt.Sprintf("%s = r0 != 0", r.Name)
-	default:
-		s = fmt.Sprintf("%s = %s(r0)", r.Name, r.Type)
-	}
-	if !r.ReturnsError {
-		return s
-	}
-	return s + "\n\t" + r.useLongHandleErrorCode(r.Name)
-}
-
-// Fn describes syscall function.
-type Fn struct {
-	Name        string
-	Params      []*Param
-	Rets        *Rets
-	PrintTrace  bool
-	confirmproc bool
-	dllname     string
-	dllfuncname string
-	src         string
-	// TODO: get rid of this field and just use parameter index instead
-	curTmpVarIdx int // insure tmp variables have uniq names
-}
-
-// extractParams parses s to extract function parameters.
-func extractParams(s string, f *Fn) ([]*Param, error) {
-	s = trim(s)
-	if s == "" {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-	a := strings.Split(s, ",")
-	ps := make([]*Param, len(a))
-	for i := range ps {
-		s2 := trim(a[i])
-		b := strings.Split(s2, " ")
-		if len(b) != 2 {
-			b = strings.Split(s2, "\t")
-			if len(b) != 2 {
-				return nil, errors.New("Could not extract function parameter from \"" + s2 + "\"")
-			}
-		}
-		ps[i] = &Param{
-			Name:      trim(b[0]),
-			Type:      trim(b[1]),
-			fn:        f,
-			tmpVarIdx: -1,
-		}
-	}
-	return ps, nil
-}
-
-// extractSection extracts text out of string s starting after start
-// and ending just before end. found return value will indicate success,
-// and prefix, body and suffix will contain correspondent parts of string s.
-func extractSection(s string, start, end rune) (prefix, body, suffix string, found bool) {
-	s = trim(s)
-	if strings.HasPrefix(s, string(start)) {
-		// no prefix
-		body = s[1:]
-	} else {
-		a := strings.SplitN(s, string(start), 2)
-		if len(a) != 2 {
-			return "", "", s, false
-		}
-		prefix = a[0]
-		body = a[1]
-	}
-	a := strings.SplitN(body, string(end), 2)
-	if len(a) != 2 {
-		return "", "", "", false
-	}
-	return prefix, a[0], a[1], true
-}
-
-// newFn parses string s and return created function Fn.
-func newFn(s string) (*Fn, error) {
-	s = trim(s)
-	f := &Fn{
-		Rets:       &Rets{},
-		src:        s,
-		PrintTrace: *printTraceFlag,
-	}
-	// function name and args
-	prefix, body, s, found := extractSection(s, '(', ')')
-	if !found || prefix == "" {
-		return nil, errors.New("Could not extract function name and parameters from \"" + f.src + "\"")
-	}
-	f.Name = prefix
-	var err error
-	f.Params, err = extractParams(body, f)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	// return values
-	_, body, s, found = extractSection(s, '(', ')')
-	if found {
-		r, err := extractParams(body, f)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		switch len(r) {
-		case 0:
-		case 1:
-			if r[0].IsError() {
-				f.Rets.ReturnsError = true
-			} else {
-				f.Rets.Name = r[0].Name
-				f.Rets.Type = r[0].Type
-			}
-		case 2:
-			if !r[1].IsError() {
-				return nil, errors.New("Only last windows error is allowed as second return value in \"" + f.src + "\"")
-			}
-			f.Rets.ReturnsError = true
-			f.Rets.Name = r[0].Name
-			f.Rets.Type = r[0].Type
-		default:
-			return nil, errors.New("Too many return values in \"" + f.src + "\"")
-		}
-	}
-	// fail condition
-	_, body, s, found = extractSection(s, '[', ']')
-	if found {
-		f.Rets.FailCond = body
-	}
-	// dll and dll function names
-	s = trim(s)
-	if s == "" {
-		return f, nil
-	}
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(s, "=") {
-		return nil, errors.New("Could not extract dll name from \"" + f.src + "\"")
-	}
-	s = trim(s[1:])
-	a := strings.Split(s, ".")
-	switch len(a) {
-	case 1:
-		f.dllfuncname = a[0]
-	case 2:
-		f.dllname = a[0]
-		f.dllfuncname = a[1]
-	default:
-		return nil, errors.New("Could not extract dll name from \"" + f.src + "\"")
-	}
-	if f.dllfuncname[len(f.dllfuncname)-1] == '?' {
-		f.confirmproc = true
-		f.dllfuncname = f.dllfuncname[0 : len(f.dllfuncname)-1]
-	}
-	return f, nil
-}
-
-// DLLName returns DLL name for function f.
-func (f *Fn) DLLName() string {
-	if f.dllname == "" {
-		return "kernel32"
-	}
-	return f.dllname
-}
-
-// DLLName returns DLL function name for function f.
-func (f *Fn) DLLFuncName() string {
-	if f.dllfuncname == "" {
-		return f.Name
-	}
-	return f.dllfuncname
-}
-
-func (f *Fn) ConfirmProc() bool {
-	return f.confirmproc
-}
-
-// ParamList returns source code for function f parameters.
-func (f *Fn) ParamList() string {
-	return join(f.Params, func(p *Param) string { return p.Name + " " + p.Type }, ", ")
-}
-
-// HelperParamList returns source code for helper function f parameters.
-func (f *Fn) HelperParamList() string {
-	return join(f.Params, func(p *Param) string { return p.Name + " " + p.HelperType() }, ", ")
-}
-
-// ParamPrintList returns source code of trace printing part correspondent
-// to syscall input parameters.
-func (f *Fn) ParamPrintList() string {
-	return join(f.Params, func(p *Param) string { return fmt.Sprintf(`"%s=", %s, `, p.Name, p.Name) }, `", ", `)
-}
-
-// ParamCount return number of syscall parameters for function f.
-func (f *Fn) ParamCount() int {
-	n := 0
-	for _, p := range f.Params {
-		n += len(p.SyscallArgList())
-	}
-	return n
-}
-
-// SyscallParamCount determines which version of Syscall/Syscall6/Syscall9/...
-// to use. It returns parameter count for correspondent SyscallX function.
-func (f *Fn) SyscallParamCount() int {
-	n := f.ParamCount()
-	switch {
-	case n <= 3:
-		return 3
-	case n <= 6:
-		return 6
-	case n <= 9:
-		return 9
-	case n <= 12:
-		return 12
-	case n <= 15:
-		return 15
-	default:
-		panic("too many arguments to system call")
-	}
-}
-
-// Syscall determines which SyscallX function to use for function f.
-func (f *Fn) Syscall() string {
-	c := f.SyscallParamCount()
-	if c == 3 {
-		return syscalldot() + "Syscall"
-	}
-	return syscalldot() + "Syscall" + strconv.Itoa(c)
-}
-
-// SyscallParamList returns source code for SyscallX parameters for function f.
-func (f *Fn) SyscallParamList() string {
-	a := make([]string, 0)
-	for _, p := range f.Params {
-		a = append(a, p.SyscallArgList()...)
-	}
-	for len(a) < f.SyscallParamCount() {
-		a = append(a, "0")
-	}
-	return strings.Join(a, ", ")
-}
-
-// HelperCallParamList returns source code of call into function f helper.
-func (f *Fn) HelperCallParamList() string {
-	a := make([]string, 0, len(f.Params))
-	for _, p := range f.Params {
-		s := p.Name
-		if p.Type == "string" {
-			s = p.tmpVar()
-		}
-		a = append(a, s)
-	}
-	return strings.Join(a, ", ")
-}
-
-// IsUTF16 is true, if f is W (utf16) function. It is false
-// for all A (ascii) functions.
-func (_ *Fn) IsUTF16() bool {
-	return true
-}
-
-// StrconvFunc returns name of Go string to OS string function for f.
-func (f *Fn) StrconvFunc() string {
-	if f.IsUTF16() {
-		return syscalldot() + "UTF16PtrFromString"
-	}
-	return syscalldot() + "BytePtrFromString"
-}
-
-// StrconvType returns Go type name used for OS string for f.
-func (f *Fn) StrconvType() string {
-	if f.IsUTF16() {
-		return "*uint16"
-	}
-	return "*byte"
-}
-
-// HasStringParam is true, if f has at least one string parameter.
-// Otherwise it is false.
-func (f *Fn) HasStringParam() bool {
-	for _, p := range f.Params {
-		if p.Type == "string" {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-var uniqDllFuncName = make(map[string]bool)
-
-// IsNotDuplicate is true if f is not a duplicated function
-func (f *Fn) IsNotDuplicate() bool {
-	funcName := f.DLLFuncName()
-	if uniqDllFuncName[funcName] == false {
-		uniqDllFuncName[funcName] = true
-		return true
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-// HelperName returns name of function f helper.
-func (f *Fn) HelperName() string {
-	if !f.HasStringParam() {
-		return f.Name
-	}
-	return "_" + f.Name
-}
-
-// Source files and functions.
-type Source struct {
-	Funcs           []*Fn
-	Files           []string
-	StdLibImports   []string
-	ExternalImports []string
-}
-
-func (src *Source) Import(pkg string) {
-	src.StdLibImports = append(src.StdLibImports, pkg)
-	sort.Strings(src.StdLibImports)
-}
-
-func (src *Source) ExternalImport(pkg string) {
-	src.ExternalImports = append(src.ExternalImports, pkg)
-	sort.Strings(src.ExternalImports)
-}
-
-// ParseFiles parses files listed in fs and extracts all syscall
-// functions listed in  sys comments. It returns source files
-// and functions collection *Source if successful.
-func ParseFiles(fs []string) (*Source, error) {
-	src := &Source{
-		Funcs: make([]*Fn, 0),
-		Files: make([]string, 0),
-		StdLibImports: []string{
-			"unsafe",
-		},
-		ExternalImports: make([]string, 0),
-	}
-	for _, file := range fs {
-		if err := src.ParseFile(file); err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-	return src, nil
-}
-
-// DLLs return dll names for a source set src.
-func (src *Source) DLLs() []string {
-	uniq := make(map[string]bool)
-	r := make([]string, 0)
-	for _, f := range src.Funcs {
-		name := f.DLLName()
-		if _, found := uniq[name]; !found {
-			uniq[name] = true
-			r = append(r, name)
-		}
-	}
-	return r
-}
-
-// ParseFile adds additional file path to a source set src.
-func (src *Source) ParseFile(path string) error {
-	file, err := os.Open(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer file.Close()
-
-	s := bufio.NewScanner(file)
-	for s.Scan() {
-		t := trim(s.Text())
-		if len(t) < 7 {
-			continue
-		}
-		if !strings.HasPrefix(t, "//sys") {
-			continue
-		}
-		t = t[5:]
-		if !(t[0] == ' ' || t[0] == '\t') {
-			continue
-		}
-		f, err := newFn(t[1:])
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		src.Funcs = append(src.Funcs, f)
-	}
-	if err := s.Err(); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	src.Files = append(src.Files, path)
-
-	// get package name
-	fset := token.NewFileSet()
-	_, err = file.Seek(0, 0)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	pkg, err := parser.ParseFile(fset, "", file, parser.PackageClauseOnly)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	packageName = pkg.Name.Name
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// IsStdRepo returns true if src is part of standard library.
-func (src *Source) IsStdRepo() (bool, error) {
-	if len(src.Files) == 0 {
-		return false, errors.New("no input files provided")
-	}
-	abspath, err := filepath.Abs(src.Files[0])
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-	goroot := runtime.GOROOT()
-	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
-		abspath = strings.ToLower(abspath)
-		goroot = strings.ToLower(goroot)
-	}
-	sep := string(os.PathSeparator)
-	if !strings.HasSuffix(goroot, sep) {
-		goroot += sep
-	}
-	return strings.HasPrefix(abspath, goroot), nil
-}
-
-// Generate output source file from a source set src.
-func (src *Source) Generate(w io.Writer) error {
-	const (
-		pkgStd         = iota // any package in std library
-		pkgXSysWindows        // x/sys/windows package
-		pkgOther
-	)
-	isStdRepo, err := src.IsStdRepo()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	var pkgtype int
-	switch {
-	case isStdRepo:
-		pkgtype = pkgStd
-	case packageName == "windows":
-		// TODO: this needs better logic than just using package name
-		pkgtype = pkgXSysWindows
-	default:
-		pkgtype = pkgOther
-	}
-	if *systemDLL {
-		switch pkgtype {
-		case pkgStd:
-			src.Import("internal/syscall/windows/sysdll")
-		case pkgXSysWindows:
-		default:
-			src.ExternalImport("golang.org/x/sys/windows")
-		}
-	}
-	if *winio {
-		src.ExternalImport("github.com/Microsoft/go-winio")
-	}
-	if packageName != "syscall" {
-		src.Import("syscall")
-	}
-	funcMap := template.FuncMap{
-		"packagename": packagename,
-		"syscalldot":  syscalldot,
-		"newlazydll": func(dll string) string {
-			arg := "\"" + dll + ".dll\""
-			if !*systemDLL {
-				return syscalldot() + "NewLazyDLL(" + arg + ")"
-			}
-			if strings.HasPrefix(dll, "api_") || strings.HasPrefix(dll, "ext_") {
-				arg = strings.Replace(arg, "_", "-", -1)
-			}
-			switch pkgtype {
-			case pkgStd:
-				return syscalldot() + "NewLazyDLL(sysdll.Add(" + arg + "))"
-			case pkgXSysWindows:
-				return "NewLazySystemDLL(" + arg + ")"
-			default:
-				return "windows.NewLazySystemDLL(" + arg + ")"
-			}
-		},
-	}
-	t := template.Must(template.New("main").Funcs(funcMap).Parse(srcTemplate))
-	err = t.Execute(w, src)
-	if err != nil {
-		return errors.New("Failed to execute template: " + err.Error())
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func usage() {
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "usage: mksyscall_windows [flags] [path ...]\n")
-	flag.PrintDefaults()
-	os.Exit(1)
-}
-
-func main() {
-	flag.Usage = usage
-	flag.Parse()
-	if len(flag.Args()) <= 0 {
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "no files to parse provided\n")
-		usage()
-	}
-
-	src, err := ParseFiles(flag.Args())
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	if err := src.Generate(&buf); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	data, err := format.Source(buf.Bytes())
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if *filename == "" {
-		_, err = os.Stdout.Write(data)
-	} else {
-		err = ioutil.WriteFile(*filename, data, 0644)
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-}
-
-// TODO: use println instead to print in the following template
-const srcTemplate = `
-
-{{define "main"}}// Code generated mksyscall_windows.exe DO NOT EDIT
-
-package {{packagename}}
-
-import (
-{{range .StdLibImports}}"{{.}}"
-{{end}}
-
-{{range .ExternalImports}}"{{.}}"
-{{end}}
-)
-
-var _ unsafe.Pointer
-
-// Do the interface allocations only once for common
-// Errno values.
-const (
-	errnoERROR_IO_PENDING = 997
-)
-
-var (
-	errERROR_IO_PENDING error = {{syscalldot}}Errno(errnoERROR_IO_PENDING)
-)
-
-// errnoErr returns common boxed Errno values, to prevent
-// allocations at runtime.
-func errnoErr(e {{syscalldot}}Errno) error {
-	switch e {
-	case 0:
-		return nil
-	case errnoERROR_IO_PENDING:
-		return errERROR_IO_PENDING
-	}
-	// TODO: add more here, after collecting data on the common
-	// error values see on Windows. (perhaps when running
-	// all.bat?)
-	return e
-}
-
-var (
-{{template "dlls" .}}
-{{template "funcnames" .}})
-{{range .Funcs}}{{if .HasStringParam}}{{template "helperbody" .}}{{end}}{{template "funcbody" .}}{{end}}
-{{end}}
-
-{{/* help functions */}}
-
-{{define "dlls"}}{{range .DLLs}}	mod{{.}} = {{newlazydll .}}
-{{end}}{{end}}
-
-{{define "funcnames"}}{{range .Funcs}}{{if .IsNotDuplicate}}	proc{{.DLLFuncName}} = mod{{.DLLName}}.NewProc("{{.DLLFuncName}}"){{end}}
-{{end}}{{end}}
-
-{{define "helperbody"}}
-func {{.Name}}({{.ParamList}}) {{template "results" .}}{
-{{template "helpertmpvars" .}}	return {{.HelperName}}({{.HelperCallParamList}})
-}
-{{end}}
-
-{{define "funcbody"}}
-func {{.HelperName}}({{.HelperParamList}}) {{template "results" .}}{
-{{template "tmpvars" .}}	{{template "syscallcheck" .}}{{template "syscall" .}}
-{{template "seterror" .}}{{template "printtrace" .}}	return
-}
-{{end}}
-
-{{define "helpertmpvars"}}{{range .Params}}{{if .TmpVarHelperCode}}	{{.TmpVarHelperCode}}
-{{end}}{{end}}{{end}}
-
-{{define "tmpvars"}}{{range .Params}}{{if .TmpVarCode}}	{{.TmpVarCode}}
-{{end}}{{end}}{{end}}
-
-{{define "results"}}{{if .Rets.List}}{{.Rets.List}} {{end}}{{end}}
-
-{{define "syscall"}}{{.Rets.SetReturnValuesCode}}{{.Syscall}}(proc{{.DLLFuncName}}.Addr(), {{.ParamCount}}, {{.SyscallParamList}}){{end}}
-
-{{define "syscallcheck"}}{{if .ConfirmProc}}if {{.Rets.ErrorVarName}} = proc{{.DLLFuncName}}.Find(); {{.Rets.ErrorVarName}} != nil {
-    return
-}
-{{end}}{{end}}
-
-
-{{define "seterror"}}{{if .Rets.SetErrorCode}}	{{.Rets.SetErrorCode}}
-{{end}}{{end}}
-
-{{define "printtrace"}}{{if .PrintTrace}}	print("SYSCALL: {{.Name}}(", {{.ParamPrintList}}") (", {{.Rets.PrintList}}")\n")
-{{end}}{{end}}
-
-`

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/osversion/osversion_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package osversion
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+// OSVersion is a wrapper for Windows version information
+// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724439(v=vs.85).aspx
+type OSVersion struct {
+	Version      uint32
+	MajorVersion uint8
+	MinorVersion uint8
+	Build        uint16
+}
+
+// https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724833(v=vs.85).aspx
+type osVersionInfoEx struct {
+	OSVersionInfoSize uint32
+	MajorVersion      uint32
+	MinorVersion      uint32
+	BuildNumber       uint32
+	PlatformID        uint32
+	CSDVersion        [128]uint16
+	ServicePackMajor  uint16
+	ServicePackMinor  uint16
+	SuiteMask         uint16
+	ProductType       byte
+	Reserve           byte
+}
+
+// Get gets the operating system version on Windows.
+// The calling application must be manifested to get the correct version information.
+func Get() OSVersion {
+	var err error
+	osv := OSVersion{}
+	osv.Version, err = windows.GetVersion()
+	if err != nil {
+		// GetVersion never fails.
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	osv.MajorVersion = uint8(osv.Version & 0xFF)
+	osv.MinorVersion = uint8(osv.Version >> 8 & 0xFF)
+	osv.Build = uint16(osv.Version >> 16)
+	return osv
+}
+
+// Build gets the build-number on Windows
+// The calling application must be manifested to get the correct version information.
+func Build() uint16 {
+	return Get().Build
+}
+
+func (osv OSVersion) ToString() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%d.%d.%d", osv.MajorVersion, osv.MinorVersion, osv.Build)
+}

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/osversion/windowsbuilds.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package osversion
+
+const (
+	// RS1 (version 1607, codename "Redstone 1") corresponds to Windows Server
+	// 2016 (ltsc2016) and Windows 10 (Anniversary Update).
+	RS1 = 14393
+
+	// RS2 (version 1703, codename "Redstone 2") was a client-only update, and
+	// corresponds to Windows 10 (Creators Update).
+	RS2 = 15063
+
+	// RS3 (version 1709, codename "Redstone 3") corresponds to Windows Server
+	// 1709 (Semi-Annual Channel (SAC)), and Windows 10 (Fall Creators Update).
+	RS3 = 16299
+
+	// RS4 (version 1803, codename "Redstone 4") corresponds to Windows Server
+	// 1803 (Semi-Annual Channel (SAC)), and Windows 10 (April 2018 Update).
+	RS4 = 17134
+
+	// RS5 (version 1809, codename "Redstone 5") corresponds to Windows Server
+	// 2019 (ltsc2019), and Windows 10 (October 2018 Update).
+	RS5 = 17763
+)

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim/pkg/go-runhcs/NOTICE

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-go-runhcs is a fork of go-runc
-
-The following is runc's legal notice.
-
----
-
-runc
-
-Copyright 2012-2015 Docker, Inc.
-
-This product includes software developed at Docker, Inc. (http://www.docker.com).
-
-The following is courtesy of our legal counsel:
-
-Use and transfer of Docker may be subject to certain restrictions by the
-United States and other governments.
-It is your responsibility to ensure that your use and/or transfer does not
-violate applicable laws.
-
-For more information, please see http://www.bis.doc.gov
-
-See also http://www.apache.org/dev/crypto.html and/or seek legal counsel.

vendor/github.com/alexellis/go-execute/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2019 Inlets
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

vendor/github.com/alexellis/go-execute/pkg/v1/exec.go

@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+package execute
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+type ExecTask struct {
+	Command string
+	Args    []string
+	Shell   bool
+	Env     []string
+	Cwd     string
+
+	// StreamStdio prints stdout and stderr directly to os.Stdout/err as
+	// the command runs.
+	StreamStdio bool
+
+	// PrintCommand prints the command before executing
+	PrintCommand bool
+}
+
+type ExecResult struct {
+	Stdout   string
+	Stderr   string
+	ExitCode int
+}
+
+func (et ExecTask) Execute() (ExecResult, error) {
+	argsSt := ""
+	if len(et.Args) > 0 {
+		argsSt = strings.Join(et.Args, " ")
+	}
+
+	if et.PrintCommand {
+		fmt.Println("exec: ", et.Command, argsSt)
+	}
+
+	var cmd *exec.Cmd
+
+	if et.Shell {
+		var args []string
+		if len(et.Args) == 0 {
+			startArgs := strings.Split(et.Command, " ")
+			script := strings.Join(startArgs, " ")
+			args = append([]string{"-c"}, fmt.Sprintf("%s", script))
+
+		} else {
+			script := strings.Join(et.Args, " ")
+			args = append([]string{"-c"}, fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", et.Command, script))
+
+		}
+
+		cmd = exec.Command("/bin/bash", args...)
+	} else {
+		if strings.Index(et.Command, " ") > 0 {
+			parts := strings.Split(et.Command, " ")
+			command := parts[0]
+			args := parts[1:]
+			cmd = exec.Command(command, args...)
+
+		} else {
+			cmd = exec.Command(et.Command, et.Args...)
+		}
+	}
+
+	cmd.Dir = et.Cwd
+
+	if len(et.Env) > 0 {
+		overrides := map[string]bool{}
+		for _, env := range et.Env {
+			key := strings.Split(env, "=")[0]
+			overrides[key] = true
+			cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, env)
+		}
+
+		for _, env := range os.Environ() {
+			key := strings.Split(env, "=")[0]
+
+			if _, ok := overrides[key]; !ok {
+				cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, env)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	stdoutBuff := bytes.Buffer{}
+	stderrBuff := bytes.Buffer{}
+
+	var stdoutWriters io.Writer
+	var stderrWriters io.Writer
+
+	if et.StreamStdio {
+		stdoutWriters = io.MultiWriter(os.Stdout, &stdoutBuff)
+		stderrWriters = io.MultiWriter(os.Stderr, &stderrBuff)
+	} else {
+		stdoutWriters = &stdoutBuff
+		stderrWriters = &stderrBuff
+	}
+
+	cmd.Stdout = stdoutWriters
+	cmd.Stderr = stderrWriters
+
+	startErr := cmd.Start()
+
+	if startErr != nil {
+		return ExecResult{}, startErr
+	}
+
+	exitCode := 0
+	execErr := cmd.Wait()
+	if execErr != nil {
+		if exitError, ok := execErr.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
+
+			exitCode = exitError.ExitCode()
+		}
+	}
+
+	return ExecResult{
+		Stdout:   string(stdoutBuff.Bytes()),
+		Stderr:   string(stderrBuff.Bytes()),
+		ExitCode: exitCode,
+	}, nil
+}

vendor/github.com/alexellis/k3sup/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+MIT License
+
+Copyright (c) 2019 Alex Ellis
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

vendor/github.com/alexellis/k3sup/pkg/env/env.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package env
+
+import (
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+
+	execute "github.com/alexellis/go-execute/pkg/v1"
+)
+
+// GetClientArch returns a pair of arch and os
+func GetClientArch() (string, string) {
+	task := execute.ExecTask{
+		Command:     "uname",
+		Args:        []string{"-m"},
+		StreamStdio: false,
+	}
+
+	res, err := task.Execute()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Println(err)
+	}
+
+	arch := strings.TrimSpace(res.Stdout)
+
+	taskOS := execute.ExecTask{
+		Command:     "uname",
+		Args:        []string{"-s"},
+		StreamStdio: false,
+	}
+
+	resOS, errOS := taskOS.Execute()
+	if errOS != nil {
+		log.Println(errOS)
+	}
+
+	os := strings.TrimSpace(resOS.Stdout)
+
+	return arch, os
+}
+
+func LocalBinary(name, subdir string) string {
+	home := os.Getenv("HOME")
+	val := path.Join(home, ".k3sup/bin/")
+	if len(subdir) > 0 {
+		val = path.Join(val, subdir)
+	}
+
+	return path.Join(val, name)
+}

vendor/github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        https://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of,
+      publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the
+      Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
+
+   3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
+      worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable
+      (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made,
+      use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work,
+      where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable
+      by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their
+      Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s)
+      with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You
+      institute patent litigation against any entity (including a
+      cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work
+      or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct
+      or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses
+      granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate
+      as of the date such litigation is filed.
+
+   4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the
+      Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without
+      modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You
+      meet the following conditions:
+
+      (a) You must give any other recipients of the Work or
+          Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
+
+      (b) You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices
+          stating that You changed the files; and
+
+      (c) You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works
+          that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and
+          attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,
+          excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of
+          the Derivative Works; and
+
+      (d) If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its
+          distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must
+          include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained
+          within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not
+          pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one
+          of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed
+          as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or
+          documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or,
+          within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and
+          wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents
+          of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and
+          do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution
+          notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside
+          or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided
+          that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed
+          as modifying the License.
+
+      You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and
+      may provide additional or different license terms and conditions
+      for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or
+      for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use,
+      reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwise complies with
+      the conditions stated in this License.
+
+   5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise,
+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
+      this License, without any additional terms or conditions.
+      Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify
+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
+      with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
+
+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
+      names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor,
+      except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the
+      origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
+
+   7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or
+      agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each
+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+      WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
+      implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions
+      of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A
+      PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the
+      appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any
+      risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
+
+   8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory,
+      whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise,
+      unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly
+      negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be
+      liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special,
+      incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a
+      result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the
+      Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill,
+      work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all
+      other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor
+      has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
+
+   9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing
+      the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer,
+      and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity,
+      or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this
+      License. However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only
+      on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf
+      of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify,
+      defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability
+      incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason
+      of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
+
+   END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+   Copyright 2013-2017 Docker, Inc.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.

vendor/github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/envfile/envfile.go

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+   Copyright 2020 The Compose Specification Authors.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package envfile
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/types"
+)
+
+const whiteSpaces = " \t"
+
+// ErrBadKey typed error for bad environment variable
+type ErrBadKey struct {
+	msg string
+}
+
+func (e ErrBadKey) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("poorly formatted environment: %s", e.msg)
+}
+
+// Parse reads a file with environment variables enumerated by lines
+//
+// ``Environment variable names used by the utilities in the Shell and
+// Utilities volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 consist solely of uppercase
+// letters, digits, and the '_' (underscore) from the characters defined in
+// Portable Character Set and do not begin with a digit. *But*, other
+// characters may be permitted by an implementation; applications shall
+// tolerate the presence of such names.''
+// -- http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/basedefs/xbd_chap08.html
+//
+// As of #16585, it's up to application inside docker to validate or not
+// environment variables, that's why we just strip leading whitespace and
+// nothing more.
+// Converts ["key=value"] to {"key":"value"} but set unset keys - the ones with no "=" in them - to nil
+// We use this in cases where we need to distinguish between FOO=  and FOO
+// where the latter case just means FOO was mentioned but not given a value
+func Parse(filename string) (types.MappingWithEquals, error) {
+	vars := types.MappingWithEquals{}
+	fh, err := os.Open(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return vars, err
+	}
+	defer fh.Close()
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(fh)
+	currentLine := 0
+	utf8bom := []byte{0xEF, 0xBB, 0xBF}
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		scannedBytes := scanner.Bytes()
+		if !utf8.Valid(scannedBytes) {
+			return vars, fmt.Errorf("env file %s contains invalid utf8 bytes at line %d: %v", filename, currentLine+1, scannedBytes)
+		}
+		// We trim UTF8 BOM
+		if currentLine == 0 {
+			scannedBytes = bytes.TrimPrefix(scannedBytes, utf8bom)
+		}
+		// trim the line from all leading whitespace first
+		line := strings.TrimLeftFunc(string(scannedBytes), unicode.IsSpace)
+		currentLine++
+		// line is not empty, and not starting with '#'
+		if len(line) > 0 && !strings.HasPrefix(line, "#") {
+			data := strings.SplitN(line, "=", 2)
+
+			// trim the front of a variable, but nothing else
+			variable := strings.TrimLeft(data[0], whiteSpaces)
+			if strings.ContainsAny(variable, whiteSpaces) {
+				return vars, ErrBadKey{fmt.Sprintf("variable '%s' contains whitespaces", variable)}
+			}
+			if len(variable) == 0 {
+				return vars, ErrBadKey{fmt.Sprintf("no variable name on line '%s'", line)}
+			}
+
+			if len(data) > 1 {
+				// pass the value through, no trimming
+				vars[variable] = &data[1]
+			} else {
+				// variable was not given a value but declared
+				vars[strings.TrimSpace(line)] = nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return vars, scanner.Err()
+}

vendor/github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/interpolation/interpolation.go

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+/*
+   Copyright 2020 The Compose Specification Authors.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package interpolation
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/template"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+)
+
+// Options supported by Interpolate
+type Options struct {
+	// LookupValue from a key
+	LookupValue LookupValue
+	// TypeCastMapping maps key paths to functions to cast to a type
+	TypeCastMapping map[Path]Cast
+	// Substitution function to use
+	Substitute func(string, template.Mapping) (string, error)
+}
+
+// LookupValue is a function which maps from variable names to values.
+// Returns the value as a string and a bool indicating whether
+// the value is present, to distinguish between an empty string
+// and the absence of a value.
+type LookupValue func(key string) (string, bool)
+
+// Cast a value to a new type, or return an error if the value can't be cast
+type Cast func(value string) (interface{}, error)
+
+// Interpolate replaces variables in a string with the values from a mapping
+func Interpolate(config map[string]interface{}, opts Options) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+	if opts.LookupValue == nil {
+		opts.LookupValue = os.LookupEnv
+	}
+	if opts.TypeCastMapping == nil {
+		opts.TypeCastMapping = make(map[Path]Cast)
+	}
+	if opts.Substitute == nil {
+		opts.Substitute = template.Substitute
+	}
+
+	out := map[string]interface{}{}
+
+	for key, value := range config {
+		interpolatedValue, err := recursiveInterpolate(value, NewPath(key), opts)
+		if err != nil {
+			return out, err
+		}
+		out[key] = interpolatedValue
+	}
+
+	return out, nil
+}
+
+func recursiveInterpolate(value interface{}, path Path, opts Options) (interface{}, error) {
+	switch value := value.(type) {
+	case string:
+		newValue, err := opts.Substitute(value, template.Mapping(opts.LookupValue))
+		if err != nil || newValue == value {
+			return value, newPathError(path, err)
+		}
+		caster, ok := opts.getCasterForPath(path)
+		if !ok {
+			return newValue, nil
+		}
+		casted, err := caster(newValue)
+		return casted, newPathError(path, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to cast to expected type"))
+
+	case map[string]interface{}:
+		out := map[string]interface{}{}
+		for key, elem := range value {
+			interpolatedElem, err := recursiveInterpolate(elem, path.Next(key), opts)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			out[key] = interpolatedElem
+		}
+		return out, nil
+
+	case []interface{}:
+		out := make([]interface{}, len(value))
+		for i, elem := range value {
+			interpolatedElem, err := recursiveInterpolate(elem, path.Next(PathMatchList), opts)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			out[i] = interpolatedElem
+		}
+		return out, nil
+
+	default:
+		return value, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func newPathError(path Path, err error) error {
+	switch err := err.(type) {
+	case nil:
+		return nil
+	case *template.InvalidTemplateError:
+		return errors.Errorf(
+			"invalid interpolation format for %s: %#v. You may need to escape any $ with another $.",
+			path, err.Template)
+	default:
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "error while interpolating %s", path)
+	}
+}
+
+const pathSeparator = "."
+
+// PathMatchAll is a token used as part of a Path to match any key at that level
+// in the nested structure
+const PathMatchAll = "*"
+
+// PathMatchList is a token used as part of a Path to match items in a list
+const PathMatchList = "[]"
+
+// Path is a dotted path of keys to a value in a nested mapping structure. A *
+// section in a path will match any key in the mapping structure.
+type Path string
+
+// NewPath returns a new Path
+func NewPath(items ...string) Path {
+	return Path(strings.Join(items, pathSeparator))
+}
+
+// Next returns a new path by append part to the current path
+func (p Path) Next(part string) Path {
+	return Path(string(p) + pathSeparator + part)
+}
+
+func (p Path) parts() []string {
+	return strings.Split(string(p), pathSeparator)
+}
+
+func (p Path) matches(pattern Path) bool {
+	patternParts := pattern.parts()
+	parts := p.parts()
+
+	if len(patternParts) != len(parts) {
+		return false
+	}
+	for index, part := range parts {
+		switch patternParts[index] {
+		case PathMatchAll, part:
+			continue
+		default:
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+func (o Options) getCasterForPath(path Path) (Cast, bool) {
+	for pattern, caster := range o.TypeCastMapping {
+		if path.matches(pattern) {
+			return caster, true
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}

vendor/github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/loader/example1.env

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# passed through
+FOO=foo_from_env_file
+
+# overridden in example2.env
+BAR=bar_from_env_file
+
+# overridden in full-example.yml
+BAZ=baz_from_env_file

vendor/github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/loader/example2.env

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+BAR=bar_from_env_file_2
+
+# overridden in configDetails.Environment
+QUX=quz_from_env_file_2

vendor/github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/loader/full-example.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,409 @@
+version: "3.9"
+
+services:
+  foo:
+
+    build:
+      context: ./dir
+      dockerfile: Dockerfile
+      args:
+        foo: bar
+      target: foo
+      network: foo
+      cache_from:
+        - foo
+        - bar
+      labels: [FOO=BAR]
+
+
+    cap_add:
+      - ALL
+
+    cap_drop:
+      - NET_ADMIN
+      - SYS_ADMIN
+
+    cgroup_parent: m-executor-abcd
+
+    # String or list
+    command: bundle exec thin -p 3000
+    # command: ["bundle", "exec", "thin", "-p", "3000"]
+
+    configs:
+      - config1
+      - source: config2
+        target: /my_config
+        uid: '103'
+        gid: '103'
+        mode: 0440
+
+    container_name: my-web-container
+
+    depends_on:
+      - db
+      - redis
+
+    deploy:
+      mode: replicated
+      replicas: 6
+      labels: [FOO=BAR]
+      rollback_config:
+        parallelism: 3
+        delay: 10s
+        failure_action: continue
+        monitor: 60s
+        max_failure_ratio: 0.3
+        order: start-first
+      update_config:
+        parallelism: 3
+        delay: 10s
+        failure_action: continue
+        monitor: 60s
+        max_failure_ratio: 0.3
+        order: start-first
+      resources:
+        limits:
+          cpus: '0.001'
+          memory: 50M
+        reservations:
+          cpus: '0.0001'
+          memory: 20M
+          generic_resources:
+            - discrete_resource_spec:
+                kind: 'gpu'
+                value: 2
+            - discrete_resource_spec:
+                kind: 'ssd'
+                value: 1
+      restart_policy:
+        condition: on-failure
+        delay: 5s
+        max_attempts: 3
+        window: 120s
+      placement:
+        constraints: [node=foo]
+        max_replicas_per_node: 5
+        preferences:
+          - spread: node.labels.az
+      endpoint_mode: dnsrr
+
+    devices:
+      - "/dev/ttyUSB0:/dev/ttyUSB0"
+
+    # String or list
+    # dns: 8.8.8.8
+    dns:
+      - 8.8.8.8
+      - 9.9.9.9
+
+    # String or list
+    # dns_search: example.com
+    dns_search:
+      - dc1.example.com
+      - dc2.example.com
+
+    domainname: foo.com
+
+    # String or list
+    # entrypoint: /code/entrypoint.sh -p 3000
+    entrypoint: ["/code/entrypoint.sh", "-p", "3000"]
+
+    # String or list
+    # env_file: .env
+    env_file:
+      - ./example1.env
+      - ./example2.env
+
+    # Mapping or list
+    # Mapping values can be strings, numbers or null
+    # Booleans are not allowed - must be quoted
+    environment:
+      BAZ: baz_from_service_def
+      QUX:
+    # environment:
+    #   - RACK_ENV=development
+    #   - SHOW=true
+    #   - SESSION_SECRET
+
+    # Items can be strings or numbers
+    expose:
+     - "3000"
+     - 8000
+
+    external_links:
+      - redis_1
+      - project_db_1:mysql
+      - project_db_1:postgresql
+
+    # Mapping or list
+    # Mapping values must be strings
+    # extra_hosts:
+    #   somehost: "162.242.195.82"
+    #   otherhost: "50.31.209.229"
+    extra_hosts:
+      - "somehost:162.242.195.82"
+      - "otherhost:50.31.209.229"
+
+    hostname: foo
+
+    healthcheck:
+      test: echo "hello world"
+      interval: 10s
+      timeout: 1s
+      retries: 5
+      start_period: 15s
+
+    # Any valid image reference - repo, tag, id, sha
+    image: redis
+    # image: ubuntu:14.04
+    # image: tutum/influxdb
+    # image: example-registry.com:4000/postgresql
+    # image: a4bc65fd
+    # image: busybox@sha256:38a203e1986cf79639cfb9b2e1d6e773de84002feea2d4eb006b52004ee8502d
+
+    ipc: host
+
+    # Mapping or list
+    # Mapping values can be strings, numbers or null
+    labels:
+      com.example.description: "Accounting webapp"
+      com.example.number: 42
+      com.example.empty-label:
+    # labels:
+    #   - "com.example.description=Accounting webapp"
+    #   - "com.example.number=42"
+    #   - "com.example.empty-label"
+
+    links:
+     - db
+     - db:database
+     - redis
+
+    logging:
+      driver: syslog
+      options:
+        syslog-address: "tcp://192.168.0.42:123"
+
+    mac_address: 02:42:ac:11:65:43
+
+    # network_mode: "bridge"
+    # network_mode: "host"
+    # network_mode: "none"
+    # Use the network mode of an arbitrary container from another service
+    # network_mode: "service:db"
+    # Use the network mode of another container, specified by name or id
+    # network_mode: "container:some-container"
+    network_mode: "container:0cfeab0f748b9a743dc3da582046357c6ef497631c1a016d28d2bf9b4f899f7b"
+
+    networks:
+      some-network:
+        aliases:
+         - alias1
+         - alias3
+      other-network:
+        ipv4_address: 172.16.238.10
+        ipv6_address: 2001:3984:3989::10
+      other-other-network:
+
+    pid: "host"
+
+    ports:
+      - 3000
+      - "3001-3005"
+      - "8000:8000"
+      - "9090-9091:8080-8081"
+      - "49100:22"
+      - "127.0.0.1:8001:8001"
+      - "127.0.0.1:5000-5010:5000-5010"
+
+    privileged: true
+
+    read_only: true
+
+    restart: always
+
+    secrets:
+      - secret1
+      - source: secret2
+        target: my_secret
+        uid: '103'
+        gid: '103'
+        mode: 0440
+
+    security_opt:
+      - label=level:s0:c100,c200
+      - label=type:svirt_apache_t
+
+    stdin_open: true
+
+    stop_grace_period: 20s
+
+    stop_signal: SIGUSR1
+
+    sysctls:
+      net.core.somaxconn: 1024
+      net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies: 0
+
+    # String or list
+    # tmpfs: /run
+    tmpfs:
+      - /run
+      - /tmp
+
+    tty: true
+
+    ulimits:
+      # Single number or mapping with soft + hard limits
+      nproc: 65535
+      nofile:
+        soft: 20000
+        hard: 40000
+
+    user: someone
+
+    volumes:
+      # Just specify a path and let the Engine create a volume
+      - /var/lib/mysql
+      # Specify an absolute path mapping
+      - /opt/data:/var/lib/mysql
+      # Path on the host, relative to the Compose file
+      - .:/code
+      - ./static:/var/www/html
+      # User-relative path
+      - ~/configs:/etc/configs/:ro
+      # Named volume
+      - datavolume:/var/lib/mysql
+      - type: bind
+        source: ./opt
+        target: /opt
+        consistency: cached
+      - type: tmpfs
+        target: /opt
+        tmpfs:
+          size: 10000
+
+    working_dir: /code
+    x-bar: baz
+    x-foo: bar
+
+networks:
+  # Entries can be null, which specifies simply that a network
+  # called "{project name}_some-network" should be created and
+  # use the default driver
+  some-network:
+
+  other-network:
+    driver: overlay
+
+    driver_opts:
+      # Values can be strings or numbers
+      foo: "bar"
+      baz: 1
+
+    ipam:
+      driver: overlay
+      # driver_opts:
+      #   # Values can be strings or numbers
+      #   com.docker.network.enable_ipv6: "true"
+      #   com.docker.network.numeric_value: 1
+      config:
+      - subnet: 172.16.238.0/24
+        # gateway: 172.16.238.1
+      - subnet: 2001:3984:3989::/64
+        # gateway: 2001:3984:3989::1
+
+    labels:
+      foo: bar
+
+  external-network:
+    # Specifies that a pre-existing network called "external-network"
+    # can be referred to within this file as "external-network"
+    external: true
+
+  other-external-network:
+    # Specifies that a pre-existing network called "my-cool-network"
+    # can be referred to within this file as "other-external-network"
+    external:
+      name: my-cool-network
+    x-bar: baz
+    x-foo: bar
+
+volumes:
+  # Entries can be null, which specifies simply that a volume
+  # called "{project name}_some-volume" should be created and
+  # use the default driver
+  some-volume:
+
+  other-volume:
+    driver: flocker
+
+    driver_opts:
+      # Values can be strings or numbers
+      foo: "bar"
+      baz: 1
+    labels:
+      foo: bar
+
+  another-volume:
+    name: "user_specified_name"
+    driver: vsphere
+
+    driver_opts:
+      # Values can be strings or numbers
+      foo: "bar"
+      baz: 1
+
+  external-volume:
+    # Specifies that a pre-existing volume called "external-volume"
+    # can be referred to within this file as "external-volume"
+    external: true
+
+  other-external-volume:
+    # Specifies that a pre-existing volume called "my-cool-volume"
+    # can be referred to within this file as "other-external-volume"
+    # This example uses the deprecated "volume.external.name" (replaced by "volume.name")
+    external:
+      name: my-cool-volume
+
+  external-volume3:
+    # Specifies that a pre-existing volume called "this-is-volume3"
+    # can be referred to within this file as "external-volume3"
+    name: this-is-volume3
+    external: true
+    x-bar: baz
+    x-foo: bar
+
+configs:
+  config1:
+    file: ./config_data
+    labels:
+      foo: bar
+  config2:
+    external:
+      name: my_config
+  config3:
+    external: true
+  config4:
+    name: foo
+    x-bar: baz
+    x-foo: bar
+
+secrets:
+  secret1:
+    file: ./secret_data
+    labels:
+      foo: bar
+  secret2:
+    external:
+      name: my_secret
+  secret3:
+    external: true
+  secret4:
+    name: bar
+    x-bar: baz
+    x-foo: bar
+x-bar: baz
+x-foo: bar
+x-nested:
+  bar: baz
+  foo: bar

vendor/github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/loader/interpolate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+/*
+   Copyright 2020 The Compose Specification Authors.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package loader
+
+import (
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	interp "github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/interpolation"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+)
+
+var interpolateTypeCastMapping = map[interp.Path]interp.Cast{
+	servicePath("configs", interp.PathMatchList, "mode"):             toInt,
+	servicePath("secrets", interp.PathMatchList, "mode"):             toInt,
+	servicePath("healthcheck", "retries"):                            toInt,
+	servicePath("healthcheck", "disable"):                            toBoolean,
+	servicePath("deploy", "replicas"):                                toInt,
+	servicePath("deploy", "update_config", "parallelism"):            toInt,
+	servicePath("deploy", "update_config", "max_failure_ratio"):      toFloat,
+	servicePath("deploy", "rollback_config", "parallelism"):          toInt,
+	servicePath("deploy", "rollback_config", "max_failure_ratio"):    toFloat,
+	servicePath("deploy", "restart_policy", "max_attempts"):          toInt,
+	servicePath("deploy", "placement", "max_replicas_per_node"):      toInt,
+	servicePath("ports", interp.PathMatchList, "target"):             toInt,
+	servicePath("ports", interp.PathMatchList, "published"):          toInt,
+	servicePath("ulimits", interp.PathMatchAll):                      toInt,
+	servicePath("ulimits", interp.PathMatchAll, "hard"):              toInt,
+	servicePath("ulimits", interp.PathMatchAll, "soft"):              toInt,
+	servicePath("privileged"):                                        toBoolean,
+	servicePath("read_only"):                                         toBoolean,
+	servicePath("stdin_open"):                                        toBoolean,
+	servicePath("tty"):                                               toBoolean,
+	servicePath("volumes", interp.PathMatchList, "read_only"):        toBoolean,
+	servicePath("volumes", interp.PathMatchList, "volume", "nocopy"): toBoolean,
+	iPath("networks", interp.PathMatchAll, "external"):               toBoolean,
+	iPath("networks", interp.PathMatchAll, "internal"):               toBoolean,
+	iPath("networks", interp.PathMatchAll, "attachable"):             toBoolean,
+	iPath("volumes", interp.PathMatchAll, "external"):                toBoolean,
+	iPath("secrets", interp.PathMatchAll, "external"):                toBoolean,
+	iPath("configs", interp.PathMatchAll, "external"):                toBoolean,
+}
+
+func iPath(parts ...string) interp.Path {
+	return interp.NewPath(parts...)
+}
+
+func servicePath(parts ...string) interp.Path {
+	return iPath(append([]string{"services", interp.PathMatchAll}, parts...)...)
+}
+
+func toInt(value string) (interface{}, error) {
+	return strconv.Atoi(value)
+}
+
+func toFloat(value string) (interface{}, error) {
+	return strconv.ParseFloat(value, 64)
+}
+
+// should match http://yaml.org/type/bool.html
+func toBoolean(value string) (interface{}, error) {
+	switch strings.ToLower(value) {
+	case "y", "yes", "true", "on":
+		return true, nil
+	case "n", "no", "false", "off":
+		return false, nil
+	default:
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid boolean: %s", value)
+	}
+}
+
+func interpolateConfig(configDict map[string]interface{}, opts interp.Options) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+	return interp.Interpolate(configDict, opts)
+}

vendor/github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/loader/loader.go

@@ -0,0 +1,876 @@
+/*
+   Copyright 2020 The Compose Specification Authors.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package loader
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/envfile"
+	interp "github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/interpolation"
+	"github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/schema"
+	"github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/template"
+	"github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/types"
+	units "github.com/docker/go-units"
+	shellwords "github.com/mattn/go-shellwords"
+	"github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	yaml "gopkg.in/yaml.v2"
+)
+
+// Options supported by Load
+type Options struct {
+	// Skip schema validation
+	SkipValidation bool
+	// Skip interpolation
+	SkipInterpolation bool
+	// Interpolation options
+	Interpolate *interp.Options
+	// Discard 'env_file' entries after resolving to 'environment' section
+	discardEnvFiles bool
+}
+
+// WithDiscardEnvFiles sets the Options to discard the `env_file` section after resolving to
+// the `environment` section
+func WithDiscardEnvFiles(opts *Options) {
+	opts.discardEnvFiles = true
+}
+
+// ParseYAML reads the bytes from a file, parses the bytes into a mapping
+// structure, and returns it.
+func ParseYAML(source []byte) (map[string]interface{}, error) {
+	var cfg interface{}
+	if err := yaml.Unmarshal(source, &cfg); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	cfgMap, ok := cfg.(map[interface{}]interface{})
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("Top-level object must be a mapping")
+	}
+	converted, err := convertToStringKeysRecursive(cfgMap, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return converted.(map[string]interface{}), nil
+}
+
+// Load reads a ConfigDetails and returns a fully loaded configuration
+func Load(configDetails types.ConfigDetails, options ...func(*Options)) (*types.Config, error) {
+	if len(configDetails.ConfigFiles) < 1 {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("No files specified")
+	}
+
+	opts := &Options{
+		Interpolate: &interp.Options{
+			Substitute:      template.Substitute,
+			LookupValue:     configDetails.LookupEnv,
+			TypeCastMapping: interpolateTypeCastMapping,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, op := range options {
+		op(opts)
+	}
+
+	configs := []*types.Config{}
+	var err error
+
+	for _, file := range configDetails.ConfigFiles {
+		configDict := file.Config
+		version := schema.Version(configDict)
+		if configDetails.Version == "" {
+			configDetails.Version = version
+		}
+		if configDetails.Version != version {
+			return nil, errors.Errorf("version mismatched between two composefiles : %v and %v", configDetails.Version, version)
+		}
+
+		if !opts.SkipInterpolation {
+			configDict, err = interpolateConfig(configDict, *opts.Interpolate)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !opts.SkipValidation {
+			if err := schema.Validate(configDict, configDetails.Version); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+
+		configDict = groupXFieldsIntoExtensions(configDict)
+
+		cfg, err := loadSections(configDict, configDetails)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		cfg.Filename = file.Filename
+		if opts.discardEnvFiles {
+			for i := range cfg.Services {
+				cfg.Services[i].EnvFile = nil
+			}
+		}
+
+		configs = append(configs, cfg)
+	}
+
+	return merge(configs)
+}
+
+func groupXFieldsIntoExtensions(dict map[string]interface{}) map[string]interface{} {
+	extras := map[string]interface{}{}
+	for key, value := range dict {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(key, "x-") {
+			extras[key] = value
+			delete(dict, key)
+		}
+		if d, ok := value.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+			dict[key] = groupXFieldsIntoExtensions(d)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(extras) > 0 {
+		dict["extensions"] = extras
+	}
+	return dict
+}
+
+func loadSections(config map[string]interface{}, configDetails types.ConfigDetails) (*types.Config, error) {
+	var err error
+	cfg := types.Config{
+		Version: schema.Version(config),
+	}
+
+	var loaders = []struct {
+		key string
+		fnc func(config map[string]interface{}) error
+	}{
+		{
+			key: "services",
+			fnc: func(config map[string]interface{}) error {
+				cfg.Services, err = LoadServices(config, configDetails.WorkingDir, configDetails.LookupEnv)
+				return err
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			key: "networks",
+			fnc: func(config map[string]interface{}) error {
+				cfg.Networks, err = LoadNetworks(config, configDetails.Version)
+				return err
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			key: "volumes",
+			fnc: func(config map[string]interface{}) error {
+				cfg.Volumes, err = LoadVolumes(config)
+				return err
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			key: "secrets",
+			fnc: func(config map[string]interface{}) error {
+				cfg.Secrets, err = LoadSecrets(config, configDetails)
+				return err
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			key: "configs",
+			fnc: func(config map[string]interface{}) error {
+				cfg.Configs, err = LoadConfigObjs(config, configDetails)
+				return err
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			key: "extensions",
+			fnc: func(config map[string]interface{}) error {
+				if len(config) > 0 {
+					cfg.Extensions = config
+				}
+				return err
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, loader := range loaders {
+		if err := loader.fnc(getSection(config, loader.key)); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return &cfg, nil
+}
+
+func getSection(config map[string]interface{}, key string) map[string]interface{} {
+	section, ok := config[key]
+	if !ok {
+		return make(map[string]interface{})
+	}
+	return section.(map[string]interface{})
+}
+
+func sortedKeys(set map[string]bool) []string {
+	var keys []string
+	for key := range set {
+		keys = append(keys, key)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(keys)
+	return keys
+}
+
+func getProperties(services map[string]interface{}, propertyMap map[string]string) map[string]string {
+	output := map[string]string{}
+
+	for _, service := range services {
+		if serviceDict, ok := service.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+			for property, description := range propertyMap {
+				if _, isSet := serviceDict[property]; isSet {
+					output[property] = description
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return output
+}
+
+// ForbiddenPropertiesError is returned when there are properties in the Compose
+// file that are forbidden.
+type ForbiddenPropertiesError struct {
+	Properties map[string]string
+}
+
+func (e *ForbiddenPropertiesError) Error() string {
+	return "Configuration contains forbidden properties"
+}
+
+func getServices(configDict map[string]interface{}) map[string]interface{} {
+	if services, ok := configDict["services"]; ok {
+		if servicesDict, ok := services.(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+			return servicesDict
+		}
+	}
+
+	return map[string]interface{}{}
+}
+
+// Transform converts the source into the target struct with compose types transformer
+// and the specified transformers if any.
+func Transform(source interface{}, target interface{}, additionalTransformers ...Transformer) error {
+	data := mapstructure.Metadata{}
+	config := &mapstructure.DecoderConfig{
+		DecodeHook: mapstructure.ComposeDecodeHookFunc(
+			createTransformHook(additionalTransformers...),
+			mapstructure.StringToTimeDurationHookFunc()),
+		Result:   target,
+		Metadata: &data,
+	}
+	decoder, err := mapstructure.NewDecoder(config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return decoder.Decode(source)
+}
+
+// TransformerFunc defines a function to perform the actual transformation
+type TransformerFunc func(interface{}) (interface{}, error)
+
+// Transformer defines a map to type transformer
+type Transformer struct {
+	TypeOf reflect.Type
+	Func   TransformerFunc
+}
+
+func createTransformHook(additionalTransformers ...Transformer) mapstructure.DecodeHookFuncType {
+	transforms := map[reflect.Type]func(interface{}) (interface{}, error){
+		reflect.TypeOf(types.External{}):                         transformExternal,
+		reflect.TypeOf(types.HealthCheckTest{}):                  transformHealthCheckTest,
+		reflect.TypeOf(types.ShellCommand{}):                     transformShellCommand,
+		reflect.TypeOf(types.StringList{}):                       transformStringList,
+		reflect.TypeOf(map[string]string{}):                      transformMapStringString,
+		reflect.TypeOf(types.UlimitsConfig{}):                    transformUlimits,
+		reflect.TypeOf(types.UnitBytes(0)):                       transformSize,
+		reflect.TypeOf([]types.ServicePortConfig{}):              transformServicePort,
+		reflect.TypeOf(types.ServiceSecretConfig{}):              transformStringSourceMap,
+		reflect.TypeOf(types.ServiceConfigObjConfig{}):           transformStringSourceMap,
+		reflect.TypeOf(types.StringOrNumberList{}):               transformStringOrNumberList,
+		reflect.TypeOf(map[string]*types.ServiceNetworkConfig{}): transformServiceNetworkMap,
+		reflect.TypeOf(types.Mapping{}):                          transformMappingOrListFunc("=", false),
+		reflect.TypeOf(types.MappingWithEquals{}):                transformMappingOrListFunc("=", true),
+		reflect.TypeOf(types.Labels{}):                           transformMappingOrListFunc("=", false),
+		reflect.TypeOf(types.MappingWithColon{}):                 transformMappingOrListFunc(":", false),
+		reflect.TypeOf(types.HostsList{}):                        transformListOrMappingFunc(":", false),
+		reflect.TypeOf(types.ServiceVolumeConfig{}):              transformServiceVolumeConfig,
+		reflect.TypeOf(types.BuildConfig{}):                      transformBuildConfig,
+		reflect.TypeOf(types.Duration(0)):                        transformStringToDuration,
+	}
+
+	for _, transformer := range additionalTransformers {
+		transforms[transformer.TypeOf] = transformer.Func
+	}
+
+	return func(_ reflect.Type, target reflect.Type, data interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		transform, ok := transforms[target]
+		if !ok {
+			return data, nil
+		}
+		return transform(data)
+	}
+}
+
+// keys needs to be converted to strings for jsonschema
+func convertToStringKeysRecursive(value interface{}, keyPrefix string) (interface{}, error) {
+	if mapping, ok := value.(map[interface{}]interface{}); ok {
+		dict := make(map[string]interface{})
+		for key, entry := range mapping {
+			str, ok := key.(string)
+			if !ok {
+				return nil, formatInvalidKeyError(keyPrefix, key)
+			}
+			var newKeyPrefix string
+			if keyPrefix == "" {
+				newKeyPrefix = str
+			} else {
+				newKeyPrefix = fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", keyPrefix, str)
+			}
+			convertedEntry, err := convertToStringKeysRecursive(entry, newKeyPrefix)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			dict[str] = convertedEntry
+		}
+		return dict, nil
+	}
+	if list, ok := value.([]interface{}); ok {
+		var convertedList []interface{}
+		for index, entry := range list {
+			newKeyPrefix := fmt.Sprintf("%s[%d]", keyPrefix, index)
+			convertedEntry, err := convertToStringKeysRecursive(entry, newKeyPrefix)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			convertedList = append(convertedList, convertedEntry)
+		}
+		return convertedList, nil
+	}
+	return value, nil
+}
+
+func formatInvalidKeyError(keyPrefix string, key interface{}) error {
+	var location string
+	if keyPrefix == "" {
+		location = "at top level"
+	} else {
+		location = fmt.Sprintf("in %s", keyPrefix)
+	}
+	return errors.Errorf("Non-string key %s: %#v", location, key)
+}
+
+// LoadServices produces a ServiceConfig map from a compose file Dict
+// the servicesDict is not validated if directly used. Use Load() to enable validation
+func LoadServices(servicesDict map[string]interface{}, workingDir string, lookupEnv template.Mapping) ([]types.ServiceConfig, error) {
+	var services []types.ServiceConfig
+
+	for name, serviceDef := range servicesDict {
+		serviceConfig, err := LoadService(name, serviceDef.(map[string]interface{}), workingDir, lookupEnv)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		services = append(services, *serviceConfig)
+	}
+
+	return services, nil
+}
+
+// LoadService produces a single ServiceConfig from a compose file Dict
+// the serviceDict is not validated if directly used. Use Load() to enable validation
+func LoadService(name string, serviceDict map[string]interface{}, workingDir string, lookupEnv template.Mapping) (*types.ServiceConfig, error) {
+	serviceConfig := &types.ServiceConfig{}
+	if err := Transform(serviceDict, serviceConfig); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	serviceConfig.Name = name
+
+	if err := resolveEnvironment(serviceConfig, workingDir, lookupEnv); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := resolveVolumePaths(serviceConfig.Volumes, workingDir, lookupEnv); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return serviceConfig, nil
+}
+
+func resolveEnvironment(serviceConfig *types.ServiceConfig, workingDir string, lookupEnv template.Mapping) error {
+	environment := types.MappingWithEquals{}
+
+	if len(serviceConfig.EnvFile) > 0 {
+		for _, file := range serviceConfig.EnvFile {
+			filePath := absPath(workingDir, file)
+			fileVars, err := envfile.Parse(filePath)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			environment.OverrideBy(fileVars.Resolve(lookupEnv).RemoveEmpty())
+		}
+	}
+
+	environment.OverrideBy(serviceConfig.Environment.Resolve(lookupEnv))
+	serviceConfig.Environment = environment
+	return nil
+}
+
+func resolveVolumePaths(volumes []types.ServiceVolumeConfig, workingDir string, lookupEnv template.Mapping) error {
+	for i, volume := range volumes {
+		if volume.Type != "bind" {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if volume.Source == "" {
+			return errors.New(`invalid mount config for type "bind": field Source must not be empty`)
+		}
+
+		filePath := expandUser(volume.Source, lookupEnv)
+		// Check if source is an absolute path (either Unix or Windows), to
+		// handle a Windows client with a Unix daemon or vice-versa.
+		//
+		// Note that this is not required for Docker for Windows when specifying
+		// a local Windows path, because Docker for Windows translates the Windows
+		// path into a valid path within the VM.
+		if !path.IsAbs(filePath) && !isAbs(filePath) {
+			filePath = absPath(workingDir, filePath)
+		}
+		volume.Source = filePath
+		volumes[i] = volume
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// TODO: make this more robust
+func expandUser(path string, lookupEnv template.Mapping) string {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(path, "~") {
+		home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+		if err != nil {
+			logrus.Warn("cannot expand '~', because the environment lacks HOME")
+			return path
+		}
+		return filepath.Join(home, path[1:])
+	}
+	return path
+}
+
+func transformUlimits(data interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+	switch value := data.(type) {
+	case int:
+		return types.UlimitsConfig{Single: value}, nil
+	case map[string]interface{}:
+		ulimit := types.UlimitsConfig{}
+		if v, ok := value["soft"]; ok {
+			ulimit.Soft = v.(int)
+		}
+		if v, ok := value["hard"]; ok {
+			ulimit.Hard = v.(int)
+		}
+		return ulimit, nil
+	default:
+		return data, errors.Errorf("invalid type %T for ulimits", value)
+	}
+}
+
+// LoadNetworks produces a NetworkConfig map from a compose file Dict
+// the source Dict is not validated if directly used. Use Load() to enable validation
+func LoadNetworks(source map[string]interface{}, version string) (map[string]types.NetworkConfig, error) {
+	networks := make(map[string]types.NetworkConfig)
+	err := Transform(source, &networks)
+	if err != nil {
+		return networks, err
+	}
+	for name, network := range networks {
+		if !network.External.External {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch {
+		case network.External.Name != "":
+			if network.Name != "" {
+				return nil, errors.Errorf("network %s: network.external.name and network.name conflict; only use network.name", name)
+			}
+			logrus.Warnf("network %s: network.external.name is deprecated in favor of network.name", name)
+			network.Name = network.External.Name
+			network.External.Name = ""
+		case network.Name == "":
+			network.Name = name
+		}
+		networks[name] = network
+	}
+	return networks, nil
+}
+
+func externalVolumeError(volume, key string) error {
+	return errors.Errorf(
+		"conflicting parameters \"external\" and %q specified for volume %q",
+		key, volume)
+}
+
+// LoadVolumes produces a VolumeConfig map from a compose file Dict
+// the source Dict is not validated if directly used. Use Load() to enable validation
+func LoadVolumes(source map[string]interface{}) (map[string]types.VolumeConfig, error) {
+	volumes := make(map[string]types.VolumeConfig)
+	if err := Transform(source, &volumes); err != nil {
+		return volumes, err
+	}
+
+	for name, volume := range volumes {
+		if !volume.External.External {
+			continue
+		}
+		switch {
+		case volume.Driver != "":
+			return nil, externalVolumeError(name, "driver")
+		case len(volume.DriverOpts) > 0:
+			return nil, externalVolumeError(name, "driver_opts")
+		case len(volume.Labels) > 0:
+			return nil, externalVolumeError(name, "labels")
+		case volume.External.Name != "":
+			if volume.Name != "" {
+				return nil, errors.Errorf("volume %s: volume.external.name and volume.name conflict; only use volume.name", name)
+			}
+			logrus.Warnf("volume %s: volume.external.name is deprecated in favor of volume.name", name)
+			volume.Name = volume.External.Name
+			volume.External.Name = ""
+		case volume.Name == "":
+			volume.Name = name
+		}
+		volumes[name] = volume
+	}
+	return volumes, nil
+}
+
+// LoadSecrets produces a SecretConfig map from a compose file Dict
+// the source Dict is not validated if directly used. Use Load() to enable validation
+func LoadSecrets(source map[string]interface{}, details types.ConfigDetails) (map[string]types.SecretConfig, error) {
+	secrets := make(map[string]types.SecretConfig)
+	if err := Transform(source, &secrets); err != nil {
+		return secrets, err
+	}
+	for name, secret := range secrets {
+		obj, err := loadFileObjectConfig(name, "secret", types.FileObjectConfig(secret), details)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		secretConfig := types.SecretConfig(obj)
+		secrets[name] = secretConfig
+	}
+	return secrets, nil
+}
+
+// LoadConfigObjs produces a ConfigObjConfig map from a compose file Dict
+// the source Dict is not validated if directly used. Use Load() to enable validation
+func LoadConfigObjs(source map[string]interface{}, details types.ConfigDetails) (map[string]types.ConfigObjConfig, error) {
+	configs := make(map[string]types.ConfigObjConfig)
+	if err := Transform(source, &configs); err != nil {
+		return configs, err
+	}
+	for name, config := range configs {
+		obj, err := loadFileObjectConfig(name, "config", types.FileObjectConfig(config), details)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		configConfig := types.ConfigObjConfig(obj)
+		configs[name] = configConfig
+	}
+	return configs, nil
+}
+
+func loadFileObjectConfig(name string, objType string, obj types.FileObjectConfig, details types.ConfigDetails) (types.FileObjectConfig, error) {
+	// if "external: true"
+	switch {
+	case obj.External.External:
+		// handle deprecated external.name
+		if obj.External.Name != "" {
+			if obj.Name != "" {
+				return obj, errors.Errorf("%[1]s %[2]s: %[1]s.external.name and %[1]s.name conflict; only use %[1]s.name", objType, name)
+			}
+			logrus.Warnf("%[1]s %[2]s: %[1]s.external.name is deprecated in favor of %[1]s.name", objType, name)
+			obj.Name = obj.External.Name
+			obj.External.Name = ""
+		} else {
+			if obj.Name == "" {
+				obj.Name = name
+			}
+		}
+		// if not "external: true"
+	case obj.Driver != "":
+		if obj.File != "" {
+			return obj, errors.Errorf("%[1]s %[2]s: %[1]s.driver and %[1]s.file conflict; only use %[1]s.driver", objType, name)
+		}
+	default:
+		obj.File = absPath(details.WorkingDir, obj.File)
+	}
+
+	return obj, nil
+}
+
+func absPath(workingDir string, filePath string) string {
+	if filepath.IsAbs(filePath) {
+		return filePath
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(workingDir, filePath)
+}
+
+var transformMapStringString TransformerFunc = func(data interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+	switch value := data.(type) {
+	case map[string]interface{}:
+		return toMapStringString(value, false), nil
+	case map[string]string:
+		return value, nil
+	default:
+		return data, errors.Errorf("invalid type %T for map[string]string", value)
+	}
+}
+
+var transformExternal TransformerFunc = func(data interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+	switch value := data.(type) {
+	case bool:
+		return map[string]interface{}{"external": value}, nil
+	case map[string]interface{}:
+		return map[string]interface{}{"external": true, "name": value["name"]}, nil
+	default:
+		return data, errors.Errorf("invalid type %T for external", value)
+	}
+}
+
+var transformServicePort TransformerFunc = func(data interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+	switch entries := data.(type) {
+	case []interface{}:
+		// We process the list instead of individual items here.
+		// The reason is that one entry might be mapped to multiple ServicePortConfig.
+		// Therefore we take an input of a list and return an output of a list.
+		ports := []interface{}{}
+		for _, entry := range entries {
+			switch value := entry.(type) {
+			case int:
+				parsed, err := types.ParsePortConfig(fmt.Sprint(value))
+				if err != nil {
+					return data, err
+				}
+				for _, v := range parsed {
+					ports = append(ports, v)
+				}
+			case string:
+				parsed, err := types.ParsePortConfig(value)
+				if err != nil {
+					return data, err
+				}
+				for _, v := range parsed {
+					ports = append(ports, v)
+				}
+			case map[string]interface{}:
+				ports = append(ports, value)
+			default:
+				return data, errors.Errorf("invalid type %T for port", value)
+			}
+		}
+		return ports, nil
+	default:
+		return data, errors.Errorf("invalid type %T for port", entries)
+	}
+}
+
+var transformStringSourceMap TransformerFunc = func(data interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+	switch value := data.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return map[string]interface{}{"source": value}, nil
+	case map[string]interface{}:
+		return data, nil
+	default:
+		return data, errors.Errorf("invalid type %T for secret", value)
+	}
+}
+
+var transformBuildConfig TransformerFunc = func(data interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+	switch value := data.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return map[string]interface{}{"context": value}, nil
+	case map[string]interface{}:
+		return data, nil
+	default:
+		return data, errors.Errorf("invalid type %T for service build", value)
+	}
+}
+
+var transformServiceVolumeConfig TransformerFunc = func(data interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+	switch value := data.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return ParseVolume(value)
+	case map[string]interface{}:
+		return data, nil
+	default:
+		return data, errors.Errorf("invalid type %T for service volume", value)
+	}
+}
+
+var transformServiceNetworkMap TransformerFunc = func(value interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+	if list, ok := value.([]interface{}); ok {
+		mapValue := map[interface{}]interface{}{}
+		for _, name := range list {
+			mapValue[name] = nil
+		}
+		return mapValue, nil
+	}
+	return value, nil
+}
+
+var transformStringOrNumberList TransformerFunc = func(value interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+	list := value.([]interface{})
+	result := make([]string, len(list))
+	for i, item := range list {
+		result[i] = fmt.Sprint(item)
+	}
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+var transformStringList TransformerFunc = func(data interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+	switch value := data.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return []string{value}, nil
+	case []interface{}:
+		return value, nil
+	default:
+		return data, errors.Errorf("invalid type %T for string list", value)
+	}
+}
+
+func transformMappingOrListFunc(sep string, allowNil bool) TransformerFunc {
+	return func(data interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return transformMappingOrList(data, sep, allowNil), nil
+	}
+}
+
+func transformListOrMappingFunc(sep string, allowNil bool) TransformerFunc {
+	return func(data interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+		return transformListOrMapping(data, sep, allowNil), nil
+	}
+}
+
+func transformListOrMapping(listOrMapping interface{}, sep string, allowNil bool) interface{} {
+	switch value := listOrMapping.(type) {
+	case map[string]interface{}:
+		return toStringList(value, sep, allowNil)
+	case []interface{}:
+		return listOrMapping
+	}
+	panic(errors.Errorf("expected a map or a list, got %T: %#v", listOrMapping, listOrMapping))
+}
+
+func transformMappingOrList(mappingOrList interface{}, sep string, allowNil bool) interface{} {
+	switch value := mappingOrList.(type) {
+	case map[string]interface{}:
+		return toMapStringString(value, allowNil)
+	case ([]interface{}):
+		result := make(map[string]interface{})
+		for _, value := range value {
+			parts := strings.SplitN(value.(string), sep, 2)
+			key := parts[0]
+			switch {
+			case len(parts) == 1 && allowNil:
+				result[key] = nil
+			case len(parts) == 1 && !allowNil:
+				result[key] = ""
+			default:
+				result[key] = parts[1]
+			}
+		}
+		return result
+	}
+	panic(errors.Errorf("expected a map or a list, got %T: %#v", mappingOrList, mappingOrList))
+}
+
+var transformShellCommand TransformerFunc = func(value interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+	if str, ok := value.(string); ok {
+		return shellwords.Parse(str)
+	}
+	return value, nil
+}
+
+var transformHealthCheckTest TransformerFunc = func(data interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+	switch value := data.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return append([]string{"CMD-SHELL"}, value), nil
+	case []interface{}:
+		return value, nil
+	default:
+		return value, errors.Errorf("invalid type %T for healthcheck.test", value)
+	}
+}
+
+var transformSize TransformerFunc = func(value interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+	switch value := value.(type) {
+	case int:
+		return int64(value), nil
+	case string:
+		return units.RAMInBytes(value)
+	}
+	panic(errors.Errorf("invalid type for size %T", value))
+}
+
+var transformStringToDuration TransformerFunc = func(value interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
+	switch value := value.(type) {
+	case string:
+		d, err := time.ParseDuration(value)
+		if err != nil {
+			return value, err
+		}
+		return types.Duration(d), nil
+	default:
+		return value, errors.Errorf("invalid type %T for duration", value)
+	}
+}
+
+func toMapStringString(value map[string]interface{}, allowNil bool) map[string]interface{} {
+	output := make(map[string]interface{})
+	for key, value := range value {
+		output[key] = toString(value, allowNil)
+	}
+	return output
+}
+
+func toString(value interface{}, allowNil bool) interface{} {
+	switch {
+	case value != nil:
+		return fmt.Sprint(value)
+	case allowNil:
+		return nil
+	default:
+		return ""
+	}
+}
+
+func toStringList(value map[string]interface{}, separator string, allowNil bool) []string {
+	output := []string{}
+	for key, value := range value {
+		if value == nil && !allowNil {
+			continue
+		}
+		output = append(output, fmt.Sprintf("%s%s%s", key, separator, value))
+	}
+	sort.Strings(output)
+	return output
+}

vendor/github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/loader/merge.go

@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+/*
+   Copyright 2020 The Compose Specification Authors.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package loader
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"sort"
+
+	"github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/types"
+	"github.com/imdario/mergo"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+)
+
+type specials struct {
+	m map[reflect.Type]func(dst, src reflect.Value) error
+}
+
+func (s *specials) Transformer(t reflect.Type) func(dst, src reflect.Value) error {
+	if fn, ok := s.m[t]; ok {
+		return fn
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func merge(configs []*types.Config) (*types.Config, error) {
+	base := configs[0]
+	for _, override := range configs[1:] {
+		var err error
+		base.Services, err = mergeServices(base.Services, override.Services)
+		if err != nil {
+			return base, errors.Wrapf(err, "cannot merge services from %s", override.Filename)
+		}
+		base.Volumes, err = mergeVolumes(base.Volumes, override.Volumes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return base, errors.Wrapf(err, "cannot merge volumes from %s", override.Filename)
+		}
+		base.Networks, err = mergeNetworks(base.Networks, override.Networks)
+		if err != nil {
+			return base, errors.Wrapf(err, "cannot merge networks from %s", override.Filename)
+		}
+		base.Secrets, err = mergeSecrets(base.Secrets, override.Secrets)
+		if err != nil {
+			return base, errors.Wrapf(err, "cannot merge secrets from %s", override.Filename)
+		}
+		base.Configs, err = mergeConfigs(base.Configs, override.Configs)
+		if err != nil {
+			return base, errors.Wrapf(err, "cannot merge configs from %s", override.Filename)
+		}
+	}
+	return base, nil
+}
+
+func mergeServices(base, override []types.ServiceConfig) ([]types.ServiceConfig, error) {
+	baseServices := mapByName(base)
+	overrideServices := mapByName(override)
+	specials := &specials{
+		m: map[reflect.Type]func(dst, src reflect.Value) error{
+			reflect.TypeOf(&types.LoggingConfig{}):           safelyMerge(mergeLoggingConfig),
+			reflect.TypeOf(&types.UlimitsConfig{}):           safelyMerge(mergeUlimitsConfig),
+			reflect.TypeOf([]types.ServicePortConfig{}):      mergeSlice(toServicePortConfigsMap, toServicePortConfigsSlice),
+			reflect.TypeOf([]types.ServiceSecretConfig{}):    mergeSlice(toServiceSecretConfigsMap, toServiceSecretConfigsSlice),
+			reflect.TypeOf([]types.ServiceConfigObjConfig{}): mergeSlice(toServiceConfigObjConfigsMap, toSServiceConfigObjConfigsSlice),
+			reflect.TypeOf(&types.UlimitsConfig{}):           mergeUlimitsConfig,
+			reflect.TypeOf(&types.ServiceNetworkConfig{}):    mergeServiceNetworkConfig,
+		},
+	}
+	for name, overrideService := range overrideServices {
+		overrideService := overrideService
+		if baseService, ok := baseServices[name]; ok {
+			if err := mergo.Merge(&baseService, &overrideService, mergo.WithAppendSlice, mergo.WithOverride, mergo.WithTransformers(specials)); err != nil {
+				return base, errors.Wrapf(err, "cannot merge service %s", name)
+			}
+			baseServices[name] = baseService
+			continue
+		}
+		baseServices[name] = overrideService
+	}
+	services := []types.ServiceConfig{}
+	for _, baseService := range baseServices {
+		services = append(services, baseService)
+	}
+	sort.Slice(services, func(i, j int) bool { return services[i].Name < services[j].Name })
+	return services, nil
+}
+
+func toServiceSecretConfigsMap(s interface{}) (map[interface{}]interface{}, error) {
+	secrets, ok := s.([]types.ServiceSecretConfig)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("not a serviceSecretConfig: %v", s)
+	}
+	m := map[interface{}]interface{}{}
+	for _, secret := range secrets {
+		m[secret.Source] = secret
+	}
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+func toServiceConfigObjConfigsMap(s interface{}) (map[interface{}]interface{}, error) {
+	secrets, ok := s.([]types.ServiceConfigObjConfig)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("not a serviceSecretConfig: %v", s)
+	}
+	m := map[interface{}]interface{}{}
+	for _, secret := range secrets {
+		m[secret.Source] = secret
+	}
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+func toServicePortConfigsMap(s interface{}) (map[interface{}]interface{}, error) {
+	ports, ok := s.([]types.ServicePortConfig)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("not a servicePortConfig slice: %v", s)
+	}
+	m := map[interface{}]interface{}{}
+	for _, p := range ports {
+		m[p.Published] = p
+	}
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+func toServiceSecretConfigsSlice(dst reflect.Value, m map[interface{}]interface{}) error {
+	s := []types.ServiceSecretConfig{}
+	for _, v := range m {
+		s = append(s, v.(types.ServiceSecretConfig))
+	}
+	sort.Slice(s, func(i, j int) bool { return s[i].Source < s[j].Source })
+	dst.Set(reflect.ValueOf(s))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func toSServiceConfigObjConfigsSlice(dst reflect.Value, m map[interface{}]interface{}) error {
+	s := []types.ServiceConfigObjConfig{}
+	for _, v := range m {
+		s = append(s, v.(types.ServiceConfigObjConfig))
+	}
+	sort.Slice(s, func(i, j int) bool { return s[i].Source < s[j].Source })
+	dst.Set(reflect.ValueOf(s))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func toServicePortConfigsSlice(dst reflect.Value, m map[interface{}]interface{}) error {
+	s := []types.ServicePortConfig{}
+	for _, v := range m {
+		s = append(s, v.(types.ServicePortConfig))
+	}
+	sort.Slice(s, func(i, j int) bool { return s[i].Published < s[j].Published })
+	dst.Set(reflect.ValueOf(s))
+	return nil
+}
+
+type tomapFn func(s interface{}) (map[interface{}]interface{}, error)
+type writeValueFromMapFn func(reflect.Value, map[interface{}]interface{}) error
+
+func safelyMerge(mergeFn func(dst, src reflect.Value) error) func(dst, src reflect.Value) error {
+	return func(dst, src reflect.Value) error {
+		if src.IsNil() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if dst.IsNil() {
+			dst.Set(src)
+			return nil
+		}
+		return mergeFn(dst, src)
+	}
+}
+
+func mergeSlice(tomap tomapFn, writeValue writeValueFromMapFn) func(dst, src reflect.Value) error {
+	return func(dst, src reflect.Value) error {
+		dstMap, err := sliceToMap(tomap, dst)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		srcMap, err := sliceToMap(tomap, src)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if err := mergo.Map(&dstMap, srcMap, mergo.WithOverride); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return writeValue(dst, dstMap)
+	}
+}
+
+func sliceToMap(tomap tomapFn, v reflect.Value) (map[interface{}]interface{}, error) {
+	// check if valid
+	if !v.IsValid() {
+		return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid value : %+v", v)
+	}
+	return tomap(v.Interface())
+}
+
+func mergeLoggingConfig(dst, src reflect.Value) error {
+	// Same driver, merging options
+	if getLoggingDriver(dst.Elem()) == getLoggingDriver(src.Elem()) ||
+		getLoggingDriver(dst.Elem()) == "" || getLoggingDriver(src.Elem()) == "" {
+		if getLoggingDriver(dst.Elem()) == "" {
+			dst.Elem().FieldByName("Driver").SetString(getLoggingDriver(src.Elem()))
+		}
+		dstOptions := dst.Elem().FieldByName("Options").Interface().(map[string]string)
+		srcOptions := src.Elem().FieldByName("Options").Interface().(map[string]string)
+		return mergo.Merge(&dstOptions, srcOptions, mergo.WithOverride)
+	}
+	// Different driver, override with src
+	dst.Set(src)
+	return nil
+}
+
+//nolint: unparam
+func mergeUlimitsConfig(dst, src reflect.Value) error {
+	if src.Interface() != reflect.Zero(reflect.TypeOf(src.Interface())).Interface() {
+		dst.Elem().Set(src.Elem())
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+//nolint: unparam
+func mergeServiceNetworkConfig(dst, src reflect.Value) error {
+	if src.Interface() != reflect.Zero(reflect.TypeOf(src.Interface())).Interface() {
+		dst.Elem().FieldByName("Aliases").Set(src.Elem().FieldByName("Aliases"))
+		if ipv4 := src.Elem().FieldByName("Ipv4Address").Interface().(string); ipv4 != "" {
+			dst.Elem().FieldByName("Ipv4Address").SetString(ipv4)
+		}
+		if ipv6 := src.Elem().FieldByName("Ipv6Address").Interface().(string); ipv6 != "" {
+			dst.Elem().FieldByName("Ipv6Address").SetString(ipv6)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func getLoggingDriver(v reflect.Value) string {
+	return v.FieldByName("Driver").String()
+}
+
+func mapByName(services []types.ServiceConfig) map[string]types.ServiceConfig {
+	m := map[string]types.ServiceConfig{}
+	for _, service := range services {
+		m[service.Name] = service
+	}
+	return m
+}
+
+func mergeVolumes(base, override map[string]types.VolumeConfig) (map[string]types.VolumeConfig, error) {
+	err := mergo.Map(&base, &override, mergo.WithOverride)
+	return base, err
+}
+
+func mergeNetworks(base, override map[string]types.NetworkConfig) (map[string]types.NetworkConfig, error) {
+	err := mergo.Map(&base, &override, mergo.WithOverride)
+	return base, err
+}
+
+func mergeSecrets(base, override map[string]types.SecretConfig) (map[string]types.SecretConfig, error) {
+	err := mergo.Map(&base, &override, mergo.WithOverride)
+	return base, err
+}
+
+func mergeConfigs(base, override map[string]types.ConfigObjConfig) (map[string]types.ConfigObjConfig, error) {
+	err := mergo.Map(&base, &override, mergo.WithOverride)
+	return base, err
+}

vendor/github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/loader/volume.go

@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+/*
+   Copyright 2020 The Compose Specification Authors.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package loader
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"unicode"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/types"
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+)
+
+const endOfSpec = rune(0)
+
+// ParseVolume parses a volume spec without any knowledge of the target platform
+func ParseVolume(spec string) (types.ServiceVolumeConfig, error) {
+	volume := types.ServiceVolumeConfig{}
+
+	switch len(spec) {
+	case 0:
+		return volume, errors.New("invalid empty volume spec")
+	case 1, 2:
+		volume.Target = spec
+		volume.Type = string(types.VolumeTypeVolume)
+		return volume, nil
+	}
+
+	buffer := []rune{}
+	for _, char := range spec + string(endOfSpec) {
+		switch {
+		case isWindowsDrive(buffer, char):
+			buffer = append(buffer, char)
+		case char == ':' || char == endOfSpec:
+			if err := populateFieldFromBuffer(char, buffer, &volume); err != nil {
+				populateType(&volume)
+				return volume, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid spec: %s", spec)
+			}
+			buffer = []rune{}
+		default:
+			buffer = append(buffer, char)
+		}
+	}
+
+	populateType(&volume)
+	return volume, nil
+}
+
+func isWindowsDrive(buffer []rune, char rune) bool {
+	return char == ':' && len(buffer) == 1 && unicode.IsLetter(buffer[0])
+}
+
+func populateFieldFromBuffer(char rune, buffer []rune, volume *types.ServiceVolumeConfig) error {
+	strBuffer := string(buffer)
+	switch {
+	case len(buffer) == 0:
+		return errors.New("empty section between colons")
+	// Anonymous volume
+	case volume.Source == "" && char == endOfSpec:
+		volume.Target = strBuffer
+		return nil
+	case volume.Source == "":
+		volume.Source = strBuffer
+		return nil
+	case volume.Target == "":
+		volume.Target = strBuffer
+		return nil
+	case char == ':':
+		return errors.New("too many colons")
+	}
+	for _, option := range strings.Split(strBuffer, ",") {
+		switch option {
+		case "ro":
+			volume.ReadOnly = true
+		case "rw":
+			volume.ReadOnly = false
+		case "nocopy":
+			volume.Volume = &types.ServiceVolumeVolume{NoCopy: true}
+		default:
+			if isBindOption(option) {
+				volume.Bind = &types.ServiceVolumeBind{Propagation: option}
+			}
+			// ignore unknown options
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+var Propagations = []string{
+	types.PropagationRPrivate,
+	types.PropagationPrivate,
+	types.PropagationRShared,
+	types.PropagationShared,
+	types.PropagationRSlave,
+	types.PropagationSlave,
+}
+
+func isBindOption(option string) bool {
+	for _, propagation := range Propagations {
+		if option == propagation {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func populateType(volume *types.ServiceVolumeConfig) {
+	switch {
+	// Anonymous volume
+	case volume.Source == "":
+		volume.Type = string(types.VolumeTypeVolume)
+	case isFilePath(volume.Source):
+		volume.Type = string(types.VolumeTypeBind)
+	default:
+		volume.Type = string(types.VolumeTypeVolume)
+	}
+}
+
+func isFilePath(source string) bool {
+	switch source[0] {
+	case '.', '/', '~':
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// windows named pipes
+	if strings.HasPrefix(source, `\\`) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	first, nextIndex := utf8.DecodeRuneInString(source)
+	return isWindowsDrive([]rune{first}, rune(source[nextIndex]))
+}

vendor/github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/loader/windows_path.go

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+   Copyright 2020 The Compose Specification Authors.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package loader
+
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+// https://github.com/golang/go/blob/master/LICENSE
+
+// This file contains utilities to check for Windows absolute paths on Linux.
+// The code in this file was largely copied from the Golang filepath package
+// https://github.com/golang/go/blob/1d0e94b1e13d5e8a323a63cd1cc1ef95290c9c36/src/path/filepath/path_windows.go#L12-L65
+
+func isSlash(c uint8) bool {
+	return c == '\\' || c == '/'
+}
+
+// isAbs reports whether the path is a Windows absolute path.
+func isAbs(path string) (b bool) {
+	l := volumeNameLen(path)
+	if l == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	path = path[l:]
+	if path == "" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return isSlash(path[0])
+}
+
+// volumeNameLen returns length of the leading volume name on Windows.
+// It returns 0 elsewhere.
+// nolint: gocyclo
+func volumeNameLen(path string) int {
+	if len(path) < 2 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	// with drive letter
+	c := path[0]
+	if path[1] == ':' && ('a' <= c && c <= 'z' || 'A' <= c && c <= 'Z') {
+		return 2
+	}
+	// is it UNC? https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx
+	if l := len(path); l >= 5 && isSlash(path[0]) && isSlash(path[1]) &&
+		!isSlash(path[2]) && path[2] != '.' {
+		// first, leading `\\` and next shouldn't be `\`. its server name.
+		for n := 3; n < l-1; n++ {
+			// second, next '\' shouldn't be repeated.
+			if isSlash(path[n]) {
+				n++
+				// third, following something characters. its share name.
+				if !isSlash(path[n]) {
+					if path[n] == '.' {
+						break
+					}
+					for ; n < l; n++ {
+						if isSlash(path[n]) {
+							break
+						}
+					}
+					return n
+				}
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return 0
+}

vendor/github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/schema/bindata.go

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+// Code generated by "esc -o bindata.go -pkg schema -ignore .*.go -private data"; DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package schema
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type _escLocalFS struct{}
+
+var _escLocal _escLocalFS
+
+type _escStaticFS struct{}
+
+var _escStatic _escStaticFS
+
+type _escDirectory struct {
+	fs   http.FileSystem
+	name string
+}
+
+type _escFile struct {
+	compressed string
+	size       int64
+	modtime    int64
+	local      string
+	isDir      bool
+
+	once sync.Once
+	data []byte
+	name string
+}
+
+func (_escLocalFS) Open(name string) (http.File, error) {
+	f, present := _escData[path.Clean(name)]
+	if !present {
+		return nil, os.ErrNotExist
+	}
+	return os.Open(f.local)
+}
+
+func (_escStaticFS) prepare(name string) (*_escFile, error) {
+	f, present := _escData[path.Clean(name)]
+	if !present {
+		return nil, os.ErrNotExist
+	}
+	var err error
+	f.once.Do(func() {
+		f.name = path.Base(name)
+		if f.size == 0 {
+			return
+		}
+		var gr *gzip.Reader
+		b64 := base64.NewDecoder(base64.StdEncoding, bytes.NewBufferString(f.compressed))
+		gr, err = gzip.NewReader(b64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		f.data, err = ioutil.ReadAll(gr)
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return f, nil
+}
+
+func (fs _escStaticFS) Open(name string) (http.File, error) {
+	f, err := fs.prepare(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return f.File()
+}
+
+func (dir _escDirectory) Open(name string) (http.File, error) {
+	return dir.fs.Open(dir.name + name)
+}
+
+func (f *_escFile) File() (http.File, error) {
+	type httpFile struct {
+		*bytes.Reader
+		*_escFile
+	}
+	return &httpFile{
+		Reader:   bytes.NewReader(f.data),
+		_escFile: f,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (f *_escFile) Close() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *_escFile) Readdir(count int) ([]os.FileInfo, error) {
+	if !f.isDir {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(" escFile.Readdir: '%s' is not directory", f.name)
+	}
+
+	fis, ok := _escDirs[f.local]
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf(" escFile.Readdir: '%s' is directory, but we have no info about content of this dir, local=%s", f.name, f.local)
+	}
+	limit := count
+	if count <= 0 || limit > len(fis) {
+		limit = len(fis)
+	}
+
+	if len(fis) == 0 && count > 0 {
+		return nil, io.EOF
+	}
+
+	return fis[0:limit], nil
+}
+
+func (f *_escFile) Stat() (os.FileInfo, error) {
+	return f, nil
+}
+
+func (f *_escFile) Name() string {
+	return f.name
+}
+
+func (f *_escFile) Size() int64 {
+	return f.size
+}
+
+func (f *_escFile) Mode() os.FileMode {
+	return 0
+}
+
+func (f *_escFile) ModTime() time.Time {
+	return time.Unix(f.modtime, 0)
+}
+
+func (f *_escFile) IsDir() bool {
+	return f.isDir
+}
+
+func (f *_escFile) Sys() interface{} {
+	return f
+}
+
+// _escFS returns a http.Filesystem for the embedded assets. If useLocal is true,
+// the filesystem's contents are instead used.
+func _escFS(useLocal bool) http.FileSystem {
+	if useLocal {
+		return _escLocal
+	}
+	return _escStatic
+}
+
+// _escDir returns a http.Filesystem for the embedded assets on a given prefix dir.
+// If useLocal is true, the filesystem's contents are instead used.
+func _escDir(useLocal bool, name string) http.FileSystem {
+	if useLocal {
+		return _escDirectory{fs: _escLocal, name: name}
+	}
+	return _escDirectory{fs: _escStatic, name: name}
+}
+
+// _escFSByte returns the named file from the embedded assets. If useLocal is
+// true, the filesystem's contents are instead used.
+func _escFSByte(useLocal bool, name string) ([]byte, error) {
+	if useLocal {
+		f, err := _escLocal.Open(name)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(f)
+		_ = f.Close()
+		return b, err
+	}
+	f, err := _escStatic.prepare(name)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return f.data, nil
+}
+
+// _escFSMustByte is the same as _escFSByte, but panics if name is not present.
+func _escFSMustByte(useLocal bool, name string) []byte {
+	b, err := _escFSByte(useLocal, name)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return b
+}
+
+// _escFSString is the string version of _escFSByte.
+func _escFSString(useLocal bool, name string) (string, error) {
+	b, err := _escFSByte(useLocal, name)
+	return string(b), err
+}
+
+// _escFSMustString is the string version of _escFSMustByte.
+func _escFSMustString(useLocal bool, name string) string {
+	return string(_escFSMustByte(useLocal, name))
+}
+
+var _escData = map[string]*_escFile{
+
+	"/data/config_schema_v3.9.json": {
+		name:    "config_schema_v3.9.json",
+		local:   "data/config_schema_v3.9.json",
+		size:    18246,
+		modtime: 1576078020,
+		compressed: `
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+lWLLdlnzJjv87eG3h2p4Q2KOCioiufkdqGmeIfxRMoRq8FN6ANRMinR9t6reKZQK0DDQ6dek2lyS9CTd
+g8G02iATu7R+fKpnSJJUAx4YHczQb/Wnx9f5H3uyO3vWwWbr54oYAyj+Pd1b/frbE7n/8x/3//ly/9tD
+dr/+5efR60q+CNtm+Ry2TDDDpOjXT3vKU/uvU78wyfOamPDR2lvCNYx5FmC+S3wO8dyTvRPP7foOnsfs
+HCQvi6AGO6p3YqZZfhn9aaAIJmyyDdW7WWy1/DIMN1EjxHBH9U4MN8tfx/CqY9q9x/Tby33131M95+x8
+zSyD/dVMjGKeS5yumOOXZy9QjyRzUFwe6527ZdYQFCBM2ospSdJNyXhuS10K+Fc1xdPgYZL8sMP7YJ76
+/egvv1H07z289O+pFAZeTM3U/NKNCCR9BtwyDrEjCDaW7hEZZ9pkErOcUeMcz8kG+FUzUEL3kG1RFsFZ
+tlnDiXZO1EXwSM4NwR1ES1bvi0yzP0dyfUqZMLADTO/6seuTNXYyWdgxbZ+u/rdeOSZMKVEZyfMREwSR
+HKsdMQOFdvOXpKVgf5Twz5bEYAn2vDlKtfzEO5SlyhTBygvnZZ9SWRRELOWa5/ARIfnJITHy93aN4at+
+tdG2PNwkEVbpCBeBcBMOOJWlyxJpbPw414+SJC1ZHk+8O4e4kPl436IsNoDpaUI8cdLR3+uV642lfUOY
+AMwEKSBoxwg5CMMIz7QC6rMZh9Lm1NWaYIR40sgDIUXYMW3w6KRdeWJaXDwbyiMHBSLXWZM4nR/x0xz6
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+8S9Karg+Jvfne8v4XR9K1rZnSSxItdluba+XTC1vKMAhDxUSJzzjTDwvb+LwYpBke6nNJaAt3QPhZk/3
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+KRgTdvaSs4L5ncZZUAritQaruSHaDDyLCtkzGcJ8ghCRGewJnnF01I659ZxPq0gMNO4XqOe7azeydtKf
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+aG/VgGYAvS/2fpf4XJ3sOcM5Wz7Nd4mMOzDObGOxSrVzvRdD0mA/y3wfSKhHg2mysS6jnHVbYQAPboAV
+RmgIBpl1P9Rh1yHEAv0xb1EMK0CW5lJ4StCcD3DtbrdBS013HzNnQgNK24KeehPqyi5BM4nBIyDy+h4s
+CrwgKM4o0SGAeEWRHyXnG0Kfs9d72SVueRVBwjlwposYdJvmwMnxIstpLrQI4yVCRmjElUirK8GMxMuX
+LMhL1i1bkwT8tvFTzMG3Joj6nLHxZeMZ91uG2jRlCKnav8bhf8Gr7lLlxMCnSXyaxLBCV+cGeilzcBYB
+luk+VGXsfUVaQCHDnSPXlvwnDSu6ggm+C8iPIgAH9Q4EIKPZyBo8R86U9ka3KNdbdoM9JGdNirlQm1Oz
+j5jIc2Woq+JOBcQLZXRUaP3ORC6/nw+zFpC24oSCBc2uFbQ2SJgwZ/cq2GJRCFtAEBRm3XJaM5qpGy1X
+kFcIJH+HKyOXtXXAtALsmbCRrKsieYnZXPE1hDNQzWUC0wGTlHKsd4e+/Xr267fKLSmCgX5lV7dlyIbm
+7Sd9bqthwRCfHggvI25PLuo38VUdIgafnB9nhXTakS2Q2sX0f0U1ILVUmVTL34CEm4zW4fo7U6RYKjZH
+t2SlzlTjI0TdciM8Be4bR93ljtyuN9Oj1ae+lHXXy2odrWKvYyy3/7qqZl9buspvxBhC91GVujMLJm9Q
++JwU+p0hraX6jGhnRLS/uv1/PFttv1sNfhtZU4U/Nb3CQiO+EfkA+l9Crf9zblnlq5wYyGbYeQNbniAP
+py23VJ+2vLQtfxArsFqaBtYwvVqbU1B03/VqeJPWb8Mmc/xChy8L9W7KdxFsLdrqZp7zBYPIwy8zaH/u
++4gbweQFmkndOrUKVKu+ddT+gQF/6OnGT35uoOJTHCdXvz/G7UPNTwWsR/KxSJpvlwZRex1VvHD9CIHd
+vNT9GICnn3Kc4a+q/59W/w0AAP//CCwovkZHAAA=
+`,
+	},
+
+	"/data": {
+		name:  "data",
+		local: `data`,
+		isDir: true,
+	},
+}
+
+var _escDirs = map[string][]os.FileInfo{
+
+	"data": {
+		_escData["/data/config_schema_v3.9.json"],
+	},
+}

vendor/github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/schema/schema.go

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+/*
+   Copyright 2020 The Compose Specification Authors.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package schema
+
+//go:generate esc -o bindata.go -pkg schema -ignore .*\.go -private -modtime=1518458244 data
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema"
+)
+
+const (
+	defaultVersion = "1.0"
+	versionField   = "version"
+)
+
+type portsFormatChecker struct{}
+
+func (checker portsFormatChecker) IsFormat(input interface{}) bool {
+	// TODO: implement this
+	return true
+}
+
+type durationFormatChecker struct{}
+
+func (checker durationFormatChecker) IsFormat(input interface{}) bool {
+	value, ok := input.(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	_, err := time.ParseDuration(value)
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+func init() {
+	gojsonschema.FormatCheckers.Add("expose", portsFormatChecker{})
+	gojsonschema.FormatCheckers.Add("ports", portsFormatChecker{})
+	gojsonschema.FormatCheckers.Add("duration", durationFormatChecker{})
+}
+
+// Version returns the version of the config, defaulting to version 1.0
+func Version(config map[string]interface{}) string {
+	version, ok := config[versionField]
+	if !ok {
+		return defaultVersion
+	}
+	return normalizeVersion(fmt.Sprintf("%v", version))
+}
+
+func normalizeVersion(version string) string {
+	switch version {
+	case "3":
+		return "3.9" // latest
+	case "3.0", "3.1", "3.2", "3.3", "3.4", "3.5", "3.6", "3.7", "3.8":
+		return "3.9" // pre-existing specification but backward compatible
+	default:
+		return version
+	}
+}
+
+// Validate uses the jsonschema to validate the configuration
+func Validate(config map[string]interface{}, version string) error {
+	version = normalizeVersion(version)
+	schemaData, err := _escFSByte(false, fmt.Sprintf("/data/config_schema_v%s.json", version))
+	if err != nil {
+		return errors.Errorf("unsupported Compose file version: %s", version)
+	}
+
+	schemaLoader := gojsonschema.NewStringLoader(string(schemaData))
+	dataLoader := gojsonschema.NewGoLoader(config)
+
+	result, err := gojsonschema.Validate(schemaLoader, dataLoader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if !result.Valid() {
+		return toError(result)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func toError(result *gojsonschema.Result) error {
+	err := getMostSpecificError(result.Errors())
+	return err
+}
+
+const (
+	jsonschemaOneOf = "number_one_of"
+	jsonschemaAnyOf = "number_any_of"
+)
+
+func getDescription(err validationError) string {
+	switch err.parent.Type() {
+	case "invalid_type":
+		if expectedType, ok := err.parent.Details()["expected"].(string); ok {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("must be a %s", humanReadableType(expectedType))
+		}
+	case jsonschemaOneOf, jsonschemaAnyOf:
+		if err.child == nil {
+			return err.parent.Description()
+		}
+		return err.child.Description()
+	}
+	return err.parent.Description()
+}
+
+func humanReadableType(definition string) string {
+	if definition[0:1] == "[" {
+		allTypes := strings.Split(definition[1:len(definition)-1], ",")
+		for i, t := range allTypes {
+			allTypes[i] = humanReadableType(t)
+		}
+		return fmt.Sprintf(
+			"%s or %s",
+			strings.Join(allTypes[0:len(allTypes)-1], ", "),
+			allTypes[len(allTypes)-1],
+		)
+	}
+	if definition == "object" {
+		return "mapping"
+	}
+	if definition == "array" {
+		return "list"
+	}
+	return definition
+}
+
+type validationError struct {
+	parent gojsonschema.ResultError
+	child  gojsonschema.ResultError
+}
+
+func (err validationError) Error() string {
+	description := getDescription(err)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s %s", err.parent.Field(), description)
+}
+
+func getMostSpecificError(errors []gojsonschema.ResultError) validationError {
+	mostSpecificError := 0
+	for i, err := range errors {
+		if specificity(err) > specificity(errors[mostSpecificError]) {
+			mostSpecificError = i
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if specificity(err) == specificity(errors[mostSpecificError]) {
+			// Invalid type errors win in a tie-breaker for most specific field name
+			if err.Type() == "invalid_type" && errors[mostSpecificError].Type() != "invalid_type" {
+				mostSpecificError = i
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if mostSpecificError+1 == len(errors) {
+		return validationError{parent: errors[mostSpecificError]}
+	}
+
+	switch errors[mostSpecificError].Type() {
+	case "number_one_of", "number_any_of":
+		return validationError{
+			parent: errors[mostSpecificError],
+			child:  errors[mostSpecificError+1],
+		}
+	default:
+		return validationError{parent: errors[mostSpecificError]}
+	}
+}
+
+func specificity(err gojsonschema.ResultError) int {
+	return len(strings.Split(err.Field(), "."))
+}

vendor/github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/template/template.go

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+/*
+   Copyright 2020 The Compose Specification Authors.
+
+   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+   You may obtain a copy of the License at
+
+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.
+*/
+
+package template
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+var delimiter = "\\$"
+var substitution = "[_a-z][_a-z0-9]*(?::?[-?][^}]*)?"
+
+var patternString = fmt.Sprintf(
+	"%s(?i:(?P<escaped>%s)|(?P<named>%s)|{(?P<braced>%s)}|(?P<invalid>))",
+	delimiter, delimiter, substitution, substitution,
+)
+
+var defaultPattern = regexp.MustCompile(patternString)
+
+// DefaultSubstituteFuncs contains the default SubstituteFunc used by the docker cli
+var DefaultSubstituteFuncs = []SubstituteFunc{
+	softDefault,
+	hardDefault,
+	requiredNonEmpty,
+	required,
+}
+
+// InvalidTemplateError is returned when a variable template is not in a valid
+// format
+type InvalidTemplateError struct {
+	Template string
+}
+
+func (e InvalidTemplateError) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("Invalid template: %#v", e.Template)
+}
+
+// Mapping is a user-supplied function which maps from variable names to values.
+// Returns the value as a string and a bool indicating whether
+// the value is present, to distinguish between an empty string
+// and the absence of a value.
+type Mapping func(string) (string, bool)
+
+// SubstituteFunc is a user-supplied function that apply substitution.
+// Returns the value as a string, a bool indicating if the function could apply
+// the substitution and an error.
+type SubstituteFunc func(string, Mapping) (string, bool, error)
+
+// SubstituteWith subsitute variables in the string with their values.
+// It accepts additional substitute function.
+func SubstituteWith(template string, mapping Mapping, pattern *regexp.Regexp, subsFuncs ...SubstituteFunc) (string, error) {
+	var err error
+	result := pattern.ReplaceAllStringFunc(template, func(substring string) string {
+		matches := pattern.FindStringSubmatch(substring)
+		groups := matchGroups(matches, pattern)
+		if escaped := groups["escaped"]; escaped != "" {
+			return escaped
+		}
+
+		substitution := groups["named"]
+		if substitution == "" {
+			substitution = groups["braced"]
+		}
+
+		if substitution == "" {
+			err = &InvalidTemplateError{Template: template}
+			return ""
+		}
+
+		for _, f := range subsFuncs {
+			var (
+				value   string
+				applied bool
+			)
+			value, applied, err = f(substitution, mapping)
+			if err != nil {
+				return ""
+			}
+			if !applied {
+				continue
+			}
+			return value
+		}
+
+		value, _ := mapping(substitution)
+		return value
+	})
+
+	return result, err
+}
+
+// Substitute variables in the string with their values
+func Substitute(template string, mapping Mapping) (string, error) {
+	return SubstituteWith(template, mapping, defaultPattern, DefaultSubstituteFuncs...)
+}
+
+// ExtractVariables returns a map of all the variables defined in the specified
+// composefile (dict representation) and their default value if any.
+func ExtractVariables(configDict map[string]interface{}, pattern *regexp.Regexp) map[string]Variable {
+	if pattern == nil {
+		pattern = defaultPattern
+	}
+	return recurseExtract(configDict, pattern)
+}
+
+func recurseExtract(value interface{}, pattern *regexp.Regexp) map[string]Variable {
+	m := map[string]Variable{}
+
+	switch value := value.(type) {
+	case string:
+		if values, is := extractVariable(value, pattern); is {
+			for _, v := range values {
+				m[v.Name] = v
+			}
+		}
+	case map[string]interface{}:
+		for _, elem := range value {
+			submap := recurseExtract(elem, pattern)
+			for key, value := range submap {
+				m[key] = value
+			}
+		}
+
+	case []interface{}:
+		for _, elem := range value {
+			if values, is := extractVariable(elem, pattern); is {
+				for _, v := range values {
+					m[v.Name] = v
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return m
+}
+
+type Variable struct {
+	Name         string
+	DefaultValue string
+	Required     bool
+}
+
+func extractVariable(value interface{}, pattern *regexp.Regexp) ([]Variable, bool) {
+	sValue, ok := value.(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return []Variable{}, false
+	}
+	matches := pattern.FindAllStringSubmatch(sValue, -1)
+	if len(matches) == 0 {
+		return []Variable{}, false
+	}
+	values := []Variable{}
+	for _, match := range matches {
+		groups := matchGroups(match, pattern)
+		if escaped := groups["escaped"]; escaped != "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		val := groups["named"]
+		if val == "" {
+			val = groups["braced"]
+		}
+		name := val
+		var defaultValue string
+		var required bool
+		switch {
+		case strings.Contains(val, ":?"):
+			name, _ = partition(val, ":?")
+			required = true
+		case strings.Contains(val, "?"):
+			name, _ = partition(val, "?")
+			required = true
+		case strings.Contains(val, ":-"):
+			name, defaultValue = partition(val, ":-")
+		case strings.Contains(val, "-"):
+			name, defaultValue = partition(val, "-")
+		}
+		values = append(values, Variable{
+			Name:         name,
+			DefaultValue: defaultValue,
+			Required:     required,
+		})
+	}
+	return values, len(values) > 0
+}
+
+// Soft default (fall back if unset or empty)
+func softDefault(substitution string, mapping Mapping) (string, bool, error) {
+	sep := ":-"
+	if !strings.Contains(substitution, sep) {
+		return "", false, nil
+	}
+	name, defaultValue := partition(substitution, sep)
+	value, ok := mapping(name)
+	if !ok || value == "" {
+		return defaultValue, true, nil
+	}
+	return value, true, nil
+}
+
+// Hard default (fall back if-and-only-if empty)
+func hardDefault(substitution string, mapping Mapping) (string, bool, error) {
+	sep := "-"
+	if !strings.Contains(substitution, sep) {
+		return "", false, nil
+	}
+	name, defaultValue := partition(substitution, sep)
+	value, ok := mapping(name)
+	if !ok {
+		return defaultValue, true, nil
+	}
+	return value, true, nil
+}
+
+func requiredNonEmpty(substitution string, mapping Mapping) (string, bool, error) {
+	return withRequired(substitution, mapping, ":?", func(v string) bool { return v != "" })
+}
+
+func required(substitution string, mapping Mapping) (string, bool, error) {
+	return withRequired(substitution, mapping, "?", func(_ string) bool { return true })
+}
+
+func withRequired(substitution string, mapping Mapping, sep string, valid func(string) bool) (string, bool, error) {
+	if !strings.Contains(substitution, sep) {
+		return "", false, nil
+	}
+	name, errorMessage := partition(substitution, sep)
+	value, ok := mapping(name)
+	if !ok || !valid(value) {
+		return "", true, &InvalidTemplateError{
+			Template: fmt.Sprintf("required variable %s is missing a value: %s", name, errorMessage),
+		}
+	}
+	return value, true, nil
+}
+
+func matchGroups(matches []string, pattern *regexp.Regexp) map[string]string {
+	groups := make(map[string]string)
+	for i, name := range pattern.SubexpNames()[1:] {
+		groups[name] = matches[i+1]
+	}
+	return groups
+}
+
+// Split the string at the first occurrence of sep, and return the part before the separator,
+// and the part after the separator.
+//
+// If the separator is not found, return the string itself, followed by an empty string.
+func partition(s, sep string) (string, string) {
+	if strings.Contains(s, sep) {
+		parts := strings.SplitN(s, sep, 2)
+		return parts[0], parts[1]
+	}
+	return s, ""
+}