Fix import

Signed-off-by: Alex Ellis (OpenFaaS Ltd) <alexellis2@gmail.com>

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,16 +1,37 @@
-<!--- Provide a general summary of the issue in the Title above -->
+## Due diligence
 
+<!-- Due dilligence -->
+## My actions before raising this issue
+Before you ask for help or support, make sure that you've [consulted the manual for faasd](https://openfaas.gumroad.com/l/serverless-for-everyone-else). We can't answer questions that are already covered by the manual.
+
+
+<!-- How is this affecting you? What task are you trying to accomplish? -->
+## Why do you need this?
+
+<!-- Attempts to mask or hide this may result in the issue being closed -->
+## Who is this for?
+
+What company is this for? Are you listed in the [ADOPTERS.md](https://github.com/openfaas/faas/blob/master/ADOPTERS.md) file?
+
+<!--- Provide a general summary of the issue in the Title above -->
 ## Expected Behaviour
 <!--- If you're describing a bug, tell us what should happen -->
 <!--- If you're suggesting a change/improvement, tell us how it should work -->
 
+
 ## Current Behaviour
 <!--- If describing a bug, tell us what happens instead of the expected behavior -->
 <!--- If suggesting a change/improvement, explain the difference from current behavior -->
 
-## Possible Solution
-<!--- Not obligatory, but suggest a fix/reason for the bug, -->
-<!--- or ideas how to implement the addition or change -->
+
+## List All Possible Solutions and Workarounds
+<!--- Suggest a fix/reason for the bug, or ideas how to implement  -->
+<!--- the addition or change -->
+<!--- Is there a workaround which could avoid making changes? -->
+
+## Which Solution Do You Recommend?
+<!--- Pick your preferred solution, if you were to implement and maintain this change -->
+
 
 ## Steps to Reproduce (for bugs)
 <!--- Provide a link to a live example, or an unambiguous set of steps to -->
@@ -20,10 +41,6 @@
 3.
 4.
 
-## Context
-<!--- How has this issue affected you? What are you trying to accomplish? -->
-<!--- Providing context helps us come up with a solution that is most useful in the real world -->
-
 ## Your Environment
 
 * OS and architecture:
@@ -38,4 +55,6 @@ containerd -version
 uname -a
 
 cat /etc/os-release
+
+faasd version
 ```

.github/workflows/build.yaml

@@ -10,19 +10,15 @@ jobs:
   build:
     env:
       GO111MODULE: off
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        go-version: [1.15.x]
-        os: [ubuntu-latest]
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@master
         with:
           fetch-depth: 1
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ${{ matrix.go-version }}
+          go-version: 1.22.x
 
       - name: test
         run: make test

.github/workflows/publish.yaml

@@ -7,23 +7,19 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   publish:
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        go-version: [ 1.15.x ]
-        os: [ ubuntu-latest ]
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@master
         with:
           fetch-depth: 1
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ${{ matrix.go-version }}
+          go-version: 1.22.x
       - name: Make publish
         run: make publish
       - name: Upload release binaries
-        uses: alexellis/upload-assets@0.2.2
+        uses: alexellis/upload-assets@0.4.1
         env:
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
         with:

.github/workflows/verify-images.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+name: Verify Docker Compose Images
+
+on:
+  push:
+    paths:
+      - '**.yaml'
+
+jobs:
+  verifyImages:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@master
+      - uses: alexellis/setup-arkade@v3
+      - name: Verify chart images
+        id: verify_images
+        run: |
+          VERBOSE=true make verify-compose

EULA.md

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+## OpenFaaS Community Edition (CE) EULA Addendum
+
+faasd is part of OpenFaaS Community Edition (CE) and is subject to the [OpenFaaS CE EULA](https://github.com/openfaas/faas/blob/master/EULA.md). Additional clauses apply to faasd only, to enable certain commercial usage for Individuals and within Small Business Environments.
+
+End User License Agreement (EULA) Addendum for faasd Licensed Software.
+
+This addendum to the OpenFaaS Community Edition EULA applies specifically to the use of faasd. It governs the conditions under which faasd may be used within Small Business Environments and for Personal Use.
+
+1. Definitions
+
+1.1 Small Business Environment:
+
+A "Small Business Environment" is defined as any commercial entity with fewer than 50 employees and less than US $5,000,000 (or equivalent local currency) in annual revenue. Internal usage refers to faasd being used solely within the business for developing, testing, or deploying solutions for internal purposes or hosted services offered by the business, without distributing faasd itself to end clients or customers.
+
+1.2 Personal Use:
+
+"Personal Use" refers to the use of faasd by individuals for personal or commercial purposes, including hosting or running applications. This includes using faasd as part of a hosted solution (e.g., hosting functions or running a commercial application) but does not permit distributing faasd itself to clients or customers.
+
+2. License Grant for faasd
+
+2.1 Small Business Environment Use:
+
+faasd may be used for limited commercial purposes within a Small Business Environment. This includes deploying faasd as part of a hosted solution or for internal usage (e.g., running functions or commercial applications for internal or customer-facing services), provided that faasd itself is not distributed, resold, or sublicensed to end clients or customers. The license covers internal use or as part of a hosted solution but restricts distributing faasd binaries or code to any third parties.
+
+2.2 Personal Use:
+
+faasd may be used by individuals for personal projects or commercial purposes, including hosting solutions for their own commercial applications or functions. This includes using faasd as part of a hosted solution (e.g., running functions or a commercial application within faasd), provided that faasd itself is not distributed to end clients or customers as part of the solution.
+
+3. Restrictions on faasd Use
+
+3.1 No Resale or Redistribution:
+
+faasd may not be resold, distributed, or provided as part of a product or service directly to end clients or customers, regardless of whether those entities meet the Small Business Environment criteria outlined above. This includes embedding faasd into a software or service that is distributed to other businesses or individuals.
+
+3.2 Non-transferability:
+
+The rights to use faasd under this addendum are non-transferable. If the user or business does not meet the definition of a Small Business Environment or if Personal Use criteria do not apply, a separate commercial license must be obtained from OpenFaaS Ltd. If the entity meets the Small Business Environment or Personal Use criteria, no additional license is required.
+
+4. Compliance
+
+4.1 License Enforcement:
+
+OpenFaaS Ltd reserves the right to implement reasonable measures to verify compliance with this faasd EULA addendum. The Customer agrees to cooperate with any compliance verification efforts conducted by OpenFaaS Ltd.
+
+5. Termination of faasd License
+
+This addendum and the license granted hereunder are effective upon installation and use of faasd. OpenFaaS Ltd reserves the right to terminate this license if any of the terms outlined in this addendum are violated. Upon termination, all copies of faasd must be deleted.
+
+6. Limitation of Liability
+
+6.1 Warranty Disclaimer:
+
+faasd is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind. The user assumes all risks associated with using faasd.
+
+6.2 Liability Limitations:
+
+OpenFaaS Ltd shall not be liable for any indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use faasd.
+
+7. Contact Information
+
+For questions regarding this faasd EULA Addendum or to inquire about commercial licenses, please contact OpenFaaS Ltd at:
+
+Email: contact@openfaas.com

LICENSE

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+For usage of faasd, see: EULA.md
+
+See below for source code contributions
+
 MIT License
 
-Copyright (c) 2020 Alex Ellis
 Copyright (c) 2020 OpenFaaS Ltd
-Copyright (c) 2020 OpenFaas Author(s)
 
 Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal

Makefile

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 Version := $(shell git describe --tags --dirty)
 GitCommit := $(shell git rev-parse HEAD)
-LDFLAGS := "-s -w -X main.Version=$(Version) -X main.GitCommit=$(GitCommit)"
-CONTAINERD_VER := 1.3.4
-CNI_VERSION := v0.8.6
+LDFLAGS := "-s -w -X github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg.Version=$(Version) -X github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg.GitCommit=$(GitCommit)"
+CONTAINERD_VER := 1.7.22
+CNI_VERSION := v0.9.1
 ARCH := amd64
 
 export GO111MODULE=on
@@ -20,11 +20,14 @@ local:
 test:
 	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go test -mod=vendor -ldflags $(LDFLAGS) ./...
 
+.PHONY: dist-local
+dist-local:
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -mod=vendor -ldflags $(LDFLAGS) -o bin/faasd
+
 .PHONY: dist
 dist:
-	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -mod=vendor -ldflags $(LDFLAGS) -a -installsuffix cgo -o bin/faasd
-	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm GOARM=7 go build -mod=vendor -ldflags $(LDFLAGS) -a -installsuffix cgo -o bin/faasd-armhf
-	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build -mod=vendor -ldflags $(LDFLAGS) -a -installsuffix cgo -o bin/faasd-arm64
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -mod=vendor -ldflags $(LDFLAGS) -o bin/faasd
+	CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=arm64 go build -mod=vendor -ldflags $(LDFLAGS) -o bin/faasd-arm64
 
 .PHONY: hashgen
 hashgen:
@@ -32,8 +35,8 @@ hashgen:
 
 .PHONY: prepare-test
 prepare-test:
-	curl -sLSf https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v$(CONTAINERD_VER)/containerd-$(CONTAINERD_VER).linux-amd64.tar.gz > /tmp/containerd.tar.gz && sudo tar -xvf /tmp/containerd.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin/ --strip-components=1
-	curl -SLfs https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/v1.3.2/containerd.service | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
+	curl -sLSf https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v$(CONTAINERD_VER)/containerd-$(CONTAINERD_VER)-linux-amd64.tar.gz > /tmp/containerd.tar.gz && sudo tar -xvf /tmp/containerd.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin/ --strip-components=1
+	curl -SLfs https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/v1.7.0/containerd.service | sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
 	sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl start containerd
 	sudo /sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1
 	sudo mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
@@ -63,4 +66,14 @@ test-e2e:
 	/usr/local/bin/faas-cli list
 	sleep 3
 	journalctl -t openfaas-fn:figlet --no-pager
-	/usr/local/bin/faas-cli logs figlet --since 15m --follow=false | grep Forking
+
+# Removed due to timing issue in CI on GitHub Actions
+#	/usr/local/bin/faas-cli logs figlet --since 15m --follow=false | grep Forking
+
+verify-compose:
+	@echo Verifying docker-compose.yaml images in remote registries && \
+	arkade chart verify --verbose=$(VERBOSE) -f ./docker-compose.yaml
+
+upgrade-compose:
+	@echo Checking for newer images in remote registries && \
+	arkade chart upgrade -f ./docker-compose.yaml --write

README.md

@@ -1,144 +1,71 @@
 # faasd - a lightweight & portable faas engine
 
+[![Sponsor faasd](https://img.shields.io/static/v1?label=Sponsor&message=%E2%9D%A4&logo=GitHub&link=https://github.com/sponsors/openfaas)](https://github.com/sponsors/openfaas)
 [![Build Status](https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/workflows/build/badge.svg?branch=master)](https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/actions)
-[![License: MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-yellow.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)
-[![OpenFaaS](https://img.shields.io/badge/openfaas-serverless-blue.svg)](https://www.openfaas.com)
 ![Downloads](https://img.shields.io/github/downloads/openfaas/faasd/total)
 
 faasd is [OpenFaaS](https://github.com/openfaas/) reimagined, but without the cost and complexity of Kubernetes. It runs on a single host with very modest requirements, making it fast and easy to manage. Under the hood it uses [containerd](https://containerd.io/) and [Container Networking Interface (CNI)](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni) along with the same core OpenFaaS components from the main project.
 
-## When should you use faasd over OpenFaaS on Kubernetes?
+![faasd logo](docs/media/social.png)
 
-* You have a cost sensitive project - run faasd on a 5-10 USD VPS or on your Raspberry Pi
-* When you just need a few functions or microservices, without the cost of a cluster
-* When you don't have the bandwidth to learn or manage Kubernetes
-* To deploy embedded apps in IoT and edge use-cases
-* To shrink-wrap applications for use with a customer or client
+## Use-cases and tutorials
 
-faasd does not create the same maintenance burden you'll find with maintaining, upgrading, and securing a Kubernetes cluster. You can deploy it and walk away, in the worst case, just deploy a new VM and deploy your functions again.
+faasd is just another way to run OpenFaaS, so many things you read in the docs or in blog posts will work the same way.
 
-## About faasd
+Videos and overviews:
 
-* is a single Golang binary
-* uses the same core components and ecosystem of OpenFaaS
-* is multi-arch, so works on Intel `x86_64` and ARM out the box
-* can be set-up and left alone to run your applications
-
-![demo](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EPNQz00W4AEwDxM?format=jpg&name=small)
-
-> Demo of faasd running in KVM
-
-## Try faasd for the first time
-
-faasd is OpenFaaS, so many things you read in the docs or in blog posts will work the same way.
+* [Exploring of serverless use-cases from commercial and personal users (YouTube)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzuXVuccaqI)
+* [Meet faasd. Look Ma’ No Kubernetes! (YouTube)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZnZJXI377ak)
 
 Use-cases and tutorials:
 
-* [Deploy via GitHub Actions](https://www.openfaas.com/blog/openfaas-functions-with-github-actions/)
-* [Scrape and automate websites with Puppeteer](https://www.openfaas.com/blog/puppeteer-scraping/)
 * [Serverless Node.js that you can run anywhere](https://www.openfaas.com/blog/serverless-nodejs/)
+* [Simple Serverless with Golang Functions and Microservices](https://www.openfaas.com/blog/golang-serverless/)
 * [Build a Flask microservice with OpenFaaS](https://www.openfaas.com/blog/openfaas-flask/)
+* [Get started with Java 11 and Vert.x on Kubernetes with OpenFaaS](https://www.openfaas.com/blog/get-started-with-java-openjdk11/)
+* [Deploy to faasd via GitHub Actions](https://www.openfaas.com/blog/openfaas-functions-with-github-actions/)
+* [Scrape and automate websites with Puppeteer](https://www.openfaas.com/blog/puppeteer-scraping/)
 
 Additional resources:
 
+* The official handbook - [Serverless For Everyone Else](https://openfaas.gumroad.com/l/serverless-for-everyone-else)
 * For reference: [OpenFaaS docs](https://docs.openfaas.com)
 * For use-cases and tutorials: [OpenFaaS blog](https://openfaas.com/blog/)
 * For self-paced learning: [OpenFaaS workshop](https://github.com/openfaas/workshop/)
 
-## Deploy faasd
+### About faasd
 
-The easiest way to deploy faasd is with cloud-init, we give several examples below, and post IaaS platforms will accept "user-data" pasted into their UI, or via their API.
+* faasd is a single static Golang binary, which runs on Linux with systemd
+* uses the same core components and ecosystem of OpenFaaS
+* uses containerd for its runtime and CNI for networking
+* is multi-arch, so works on Intel `x86_64` and Arm out the box
+* runs stateful containers through its `docker-compose.yaml` file like Grafana, MongoDB, InfluxDB, or Postgres, etc
 
-For trying out fasad on MacOS or Windows, we recommend using multipass.
+Most importantly, it's easy to manage so you can set it up and leave it alone to run your functions.
 
-If you don't use cloud-init, or have already created your Linux server you can use the installation script as per below:
+[![demo](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EPNQz00W4AEwDxM?format=jpg&name=medium)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WX1tZoSXy8E)
 
-```bash
-git clone https://github.com/openfaas/faasd
-cd faasd
+> Demo of faasd running asynchronous functions
 
-./hack/install.sh
-```
+Watch the video: [faasd walk-through with cloud-init and Multipass](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WX1tZoSXy8E)
 
-> This approach also works for Raspberry Pi
-
-It's recommended that you do not install Docker on the same host as faasd, since 1) they may both use different versions of containerd and 2) docker's networking rules can disrupt faasd's networking. When using faasd - make your faasd server a faasd server, and build container image on your laptop or in a CI pipeline.
-
-### Run locally on MacOS, Linux, or Windows with multipass
-
-* [Get up and running with your own faasd installation on your Mac/Ubuntu or Windows with cloud-config](/docs/MULTIPASS.md)
-
-### DigitalOcean tutorial with Terraform and TLS
-
-The terraform can be adapted for any IaaS provider:
-
-* [Bring a lightweight Serverless experience to DigitalOcean with Terraform and faasd](https://www.openfaas.com/blog/faasd-tls-terraform/)
-
-See also: [Build a Serverless appliance with faasd and cloud-init](https://blog.alexellis.io/deploy-serverless-faasd-with-cloud-init/)
-
-### Get started on armhf / Raspberry Pi
-
-You can run this tutorial on your Raspberry Pi, or adapt the steps for a regular Linux VM/VPS host.
-
-* [faasd - lightweight Serverless for your Raspberry Pi](https://blog.alexellis.io/faasd-for-lightweight-serverless/)
-
-### Terraform for DigitalOcean
-
-Automate everything within < 60 seconds and get a public URL and IP address back. Customise as required, or adapt to your preferred cloud such as AWS EC2.
-
-* [Provision faasd 0.10.0 on DigitalOcean with Terraform 0.12.0](docs/bootstrap/README.md)
-
-* [Provision faasd on DigitalOcean with built-in TLS support](docs/bootstrap/digitalocean-terraform/README.md)
-
-## faasd handbook - everything you need to know to run functions without Kubernetes (early access)
-
-faasd is a portable, and open source serverless engine. It runs a number of core services for its REST API, for background processing, and for metrics. The project schedules functions with containerd directly, and supports scale to and from zero, but without the need for clustering or Kubernetes.
-
-It makes for a quick and easy way to start hosting APIs and websites, benefiting from containers and cloud native technology without having to manage Kubernetes, or pay significant hosting costs.
-
-This handbook is written for those deploying faasd to self-hosted or cloud infrastructure. Whilst OpenFaaS has reference documentation, here we focus on everything you need to know about faasd itself.
-
-Topics include:
-
-* Should you deploy to a VPS or Raspberry Pi?
-* Deploying your server with bash, cloud-init or terraform
-* Using a private container registry
-* Building your first function, and customising templates
-* Monitoring your functions with Grafana and Prometheus
-* Scheduling invocations and background jobs
-* Tuning timeouts, parallelism, running tasks in the background
-* Upgrading faasd
-* Setting memory limits for functions
-* Exposing the core services like Prometheus and NATS
-
-> faasd users can upgrade to Kubernetes when the need presents itself and can bring their functions with them.
-
-* [Find out more on Gumroad](https://gumroad.com/l/serverless-for-everyone-else)
-
-## Finding logs
-
-### Logs for functions
-
-You can view the logs of functions using `journalctl`:
-
-```bash
-journalctl -t openfaas-fn:FUNCTION_NAME
-
-
-faas-cli store deploy figlet
-journalctl -t openfaas-fn:figlet -f &
-echo logs | faas-cli invoke figlet
-```
-
-## What does faasd deploy?
+### What does faasd deploy?
 
 * faasd - itself, and its [faas-provider](https://github.com/openfaas/faas-provider) for containerd - CRUD for functions and services, implements the OpenFaaS REST API
 * [Prometheus](https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus) - for monitoring of services, metrics, scaling and dashboards
-* [OpenFaaS Gateway](https://github.com/openfaas/faas/tree/master/gateway) - the UI portal, CLI, and other OpenFaaS tooling can talk to this.
-* [OpenFaaS queue-worker for NATS](https://github.com/openfaas/nats-queue-worker) - run your invocations in the background without adding any code. See also: [asynchronous invocations](https://docs.openfaas.com/reference/triggers/#async-nats-streaming)
+* [OpenFaaS CE Gateway](https://github.com/openfaas/faas/tree/master/gateway) - the UI portal, CLI, and other OpenFaaS tooling can talk to this.
+* [OpenFaaS CE queue-worker for NATS Streaming](https://github.com/openfaas/nats-queue-worker) - run your invocations in the background without adding any code. See also: [asynchronous invocations](https://docs.openfaas.com/reference/triggers/#async-nats-streaming)
 * [NATS](https://nats.io) for asynchronous processing and queues
 
-You'll also need:
+## Licensing & EULA for OpenFaaS (faasd)
+
+faasd (which is a distribution of OpenFaaS) is licensed under the [OpenFaaS Community Edition (CE) EULA](https://github.com/openfaas/faas/blob/master/EULA.md), [additional clauses apply](EULA.md) to enable faasd to be used for Personal Use and within Small Business Environments.
+
+A separate OpenFaaS Standard license is available for commercial use-cases, which is required for certain commercial use.
+
+### When should you use faasd over OpenFaaS on Kubernetes?
+
+faasd relies on industry-standard tools for running containers:
 
 * [CNI](https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins)
 * [containerd](https://github.com/containerd/containerd)
@@ -146,21 +73,84 @@ You'll also need:
 
 You can use the standard [faas-cli](https://github.com/openfaas/faas-cli) along with pre-packaged functions from *the Function Store*, or build your own using any OpenFaaS template.
 
-### Instructions for hacking on faasd itself
+* To deploy microservices and functions that you can update and monitor remotely
+* When you don't have the bandwidth to learn or manage Kubernetes
+* To deploy embedded apps in IoT and edge use-cases
+* To distribute applications to a customer or client
+* You have a cost sensitive project - run faasd on a 1GB VM for 5-10 USD / mo or on your Raspberry Pi
+* When you just need a few functions or microservices, without the cost of a cluster
 
-See [here for manual / developer instructions](docs/DEV.md)
+faasd does not create the same maintenance burden you'll find with maintaining, upgrading, and securing a Kubernetes cluster. You can deploy it and walk away, in the worst case, just deploy a new VM and deploy your functions again.
 
-## Getting help
+You can learn more about supported OpenFaaS features in the [ROADMAP.md](/docs/ROADMAP.md)
 
-### faasd handbook
+## Learning faasd
 
-"Serverless For Everyone Else" is the complete guide and documentation for faasd. If you're looking for how to do something, it's likely that the book covers it.
+You can find various resources to learn about faasd for free, however the official handbook is the most comprehensive guide to getting started with faasd and OpenFaaS.
 
-* [Find out more on Gumroad](https://gumroad.com/l/serverless-for-everyone-else)
+["Serverless For Everyone Else"](https://openfaas.gumroad.com/l/serverless-for-everyone-else) is the official handbook and was written to contribute funds towards the upkeep and maintenance of the project.
 
-### Reference docs for Kubernetes
+### The official handbook and docs for faasd
 
-The [OpenFaaS docs](https://docs.openfaas.com/) provide a wealth of information for OpenFaaS on Kubernetes, and are likely to be useful for you, even using faasd.
+<a href="https://openfaas.gumroad.com/l/serverless-for-everyone-else">
+<img src="https://www.alexellis.io/serverless.png" width="40%"></a>
+
+You'll learn how to deploy code in any language, lift and shift Dockerfiles, run requests in queues, write background jobs and to integrate with databases. faasd packages the same code as OpenFaaS, so you get built-in metrics for your HTTP endpoints, a user-friendly CLI, pre-packaged functions and templates from the store and a UI.
+
+Topics include:
+
+* Should you deploy to a VPS or Raspberry Pi?
+* Deploying your server with bash, cloud-init or terraform
+* Using a private container registry
+* Finding functions in the store
+* Building your first function with Node.js
+* Using environment variables for configuration
+* Using secrets from functions, and enabling authentication tokens
+* Customising templates
+* Monitoring your functions with Grafana and Prometheus
+* Scheduling invocations and background jobs
+* Tuning timeouts, parallelism, running tasks in the background
+* Adding TLS to faasd and custom domains for functions
+* Self-hosting on your Raspberry Pi
+* Adding a database for storage with InfluxDB and Postgresql
+* Troubleshooting and logs
+* CI/CD with GitHub Actions and multi-arch
+* Taking things further, community and case-studies
+
+View sample pages, reviews and testimonials on Gumroad:
+
+["Serverless For Everyone Else"](https://openfaas.gumroad.com/l/serverless-for-everyone-else)
+
+### Deploy faasd
+
+The easiest way to deploy faasd is with cloud-init, we give several examples below, and post IaaS platforms will accept "user-data" pasted into their UI, or via their API.
+
+For trying it out on MacOS or Windows, we recommend using [multipass](https://multipass.run) to run faasd in a VM.
+
+If you don't use cloud-init, or have already created your Linux server you can use the installation script as per below:
+
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/openfaas/faasd --depth=1
+cd faasd
+
+./hack/install.sh
+```
+
+> This approach also works for Raspberry Pi when using the 64-bit OS or Ubuntu 22.04 or higher.
+
+It's recommended that you do not install Docker on the same host as faasd, since 1) they may both use different versions of containerd and 2) docker's networking rules can disrupt faasd's networking. When using faasd - make your faasd server a faasd server, and build container image on your laptop or in a CI pipeline.
+
+#### Deployment tutorials
+
+* [Use multipass on Windows, MacOS or Linux](/docs/MULTIPASS.md)
+* [Deploy to DigitalOcean with Terraform and TLS](https://www.openfaas.com/blog/faasd-tls-terraform/)
+* [Deploy to any IaaS with cloud-init](https://blog.alexellis.io/deploy-serverless-faasd-with-cloud-init/)
+* [Deploy faasd to your Raspberry Pi](https://blog.alexellis.io/faasd-for-lightweight-serverless/)
+
+Terraform scripts:
+
+* [Provision faasd on DigitalOcean with Terraform](docs/bootstrap/README.md)
+* [Provision faasd with TLS on DigitalOcean with Terraform](docs/bootstrap/digitalocean-terraform/README.md)
 
 ### Function and template store
 
@@ -168,18 +158,6 @@ For community functions see `faas-cli store --help`
 
 For templates built by the community see: `faas-cli template store list`, you can also use the `dockerfile` template if you just want to migrate an existing service without the benefits of using a template.
 
-### Training and courses
-
-#### LinuxFoundation training course
-
-The founder of faasd and OpenFaaS has written a training course for the LinuxFoundation which also covers how to use OpenFaaS on Kubernetes. Much of the same concepts can be applied to faasd, and the course is free:
-
-* [Introduction to Serverless on Kubernetes](https://www.edx.org/course/introduction-to-serverless-on-kubernetes)
-
-#### Community workshop
-
-[The OpenFaaS workshop](https://github.com/openfaas/workshop/) is a set of 12 self-paced labs and provides a great starting point for learning the features of openfaas. Not all features will be available or usable with faasd.
-
 ### Community support
 
 Commercial users and solo business owners should become OpenFaaS GitHub Sponsors to receive regular email updates on changes, tutorials and new features.
@@ -187,10 +165,12 @@ Commercial users and solo business owners should become OpenFaaS GitHub Sponsors
 If you are learning faasd, or want to share your use-case, you can join the OpenFaaS Slack community.
 
 * [Become an OpenFaaS GitHub Sponsor](https://github.com/sponsors/openfaas/)
-* [Join Slack](https://slack.openfaas.io/)
+* [Join the weekly Office Hours call](https://docs.openfaas.com/community/)
 
-### Backlog, features and known issues
+### Backlog, features, design limitations and any known issues
 
-For completed features, WIP and upcoming roadmap see:
+For open backlog items, shipped features, design limitations and any known issues, see [ROADMAP.md](docs/ROADMAP.md)
 
-See [ROADMAP.md](docs/ROADMAP.md)
+Want to build a patch without setting up a complete development environment? See [docs/PATCHES.md](docs/PATCHES.md)
+
+Are you looking to hack on faasd? Follow the [developer instructions](docs/DEV.md) for a manual installation, or use the `hack/install.sh` script and pick up from there.

cloud-config.txt

@@ -7,19 +7,10 @@ package_update: true
 
 packages:
  - runc
+ - git
 
 runcmd:
-- curl -sLSf https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.3.5/containerd-1.3.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz > /tmp/containerd.tar.gz && tar -xvf /tmp/containerd.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin/ --strip-components=1
-- curl -SLfs https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/v1.3.5/containerd.service | tee /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
-- systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start containerd
-- systemctl enable containerd
-- /sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1
-- mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
-- curl -sSL https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.5/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.5.tgz | tar -xz -C /opt/cni/bin
-- mkdir -p /go/src/github.com/openfaas/
-- cd /go/src/github.com/openfaas/ && git clone --depth 1 --branch 0.10.0 https://github.com/openfaas/faasd
-- curl -fSLs "https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/releases/download/0.10.0/faasd" --output "/usr/local/bin/faasd" && chmod a+x "/usr/local/bin/faasd"
-- cd /go/src/github.com/openfaas/faasd/ && /usr/local/bin/faasd install
+- curl -sfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openfaas/faasd/master/hack/install.sh | bash -s -
 - systemctl status -l containerd --no-pager
 - journalctl -u faasd-provider --no-pager
 - systemctl status -l faasd-provider --no-pager

cmd/install.go

@@ -50,51 +50,45 @@ func runInstall(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	err := binExists("/usr/local/bin/", "faasd")
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := binExists("/usr/local/bin/", "faasd"); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	err = systemd.InstallUnit("faasd-provider", map[string]string{
+	if err := systemd.InstallUnit("faasd-provider", map[string]string{
 		"Cwd":             faasdProviderWd,
-		"SecretMountPath": path.Join(faasdwd, "secrets")})
-
-	if err != nil {
+		"SecretMountPath": path.Join(faasdwd, "secrets")}); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	err = systemd.InstallUnit("faasd", map[string]string{"Cwd": faasdwd})
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := systemd.InstallUnit("faasd", map[string]string{"Cwd": faasdwd}); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	err = systemd.DaemonReload()
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := systemd.DaemonReload(); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	err = systemd.Enable("faasd-provider")
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := systemd.Enable("faasd-provider"); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	err = systemd.Enable("faasd")
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := systemd.Enable("faasd"); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	err = systemd.Start("faasd-provider")
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := systemd.Start("faasd-provider"); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	err = systemd.Start("faasd")
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := systemd.Start("faasd"); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	fmt.Println(`Login with:
-  sudo cat /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password | faas-cli login -s`)
+	fmt.Println(`Check status with:
+  sudo journalctl -u faasd --lines 100 -f
+
+Login with:
+  sudo -E cat /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password | faas-cli login -s`)
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -106,7 +100,16 @@ func binExists(folder, name string) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+func ensureSecretsDir(folder string) error {
+	if _, err := os.Stat(folder); err != nil {
+		err = os.MkdirAll(folder, secretDirPermission)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
 
+	return nil
+}
 func ensureWorkingDir(folder string) error {
 	if _, err := os.Stat(folder); err != nil {
 		err = os.MkdirAll(folder, workingDirectoryPermission)

cmd/provider.go

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 package cmd
 
 import (
-	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io"
 	"log"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
@@ -14,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/logs"
 	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/proxy"
 	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
+	faasd "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
 	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/cninetwork"
 	faasdlogs "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/logs"
 	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/provider/config"
@@ -21,96 +21,152 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
+const secretDirPermission = 0755
+
 func makeProviderCmd() *cobra.Command {
 	var command = &cobra.Command{
 		Use:   "provider",
 		Short: "Run the faasd-provider",
 	}
 
-	command.Flags().String("pull-policy", "Always", `Set to "Always" to force a pull of images upon deployment, or "IfNotPresent" to try to use a cached image.`)
-
-	command.RunE = func(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
-
-		pullPolicy, flagErr := command.Flags().GetString("pull-policy")
-		if flagErr != nil {
-			return flagErr
-		}
-
-		alwaysPull := false
-		if pullPolicy == "Always" {
-			alwaysPull = true
-		}
-
-		config, providerConfig, err := config.ReadFromEnv(types.OsEnv{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		log.Printf("faasd-provider starting..\tService Timeout: %s\n", config.WriteTimeout.String())
-		printVersion()
-
-		wd, err := os.Getwd()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		writeHostsErr := ioutil.WriteFile(path.Join(wd, "hosts"),
-			[]byte(`127.0.0.1	localhost`), workingDirectoryPermission)
-
-		if writeHostsErr != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("cannot write hosts file: %s", writeHostsErr)
-		}
-
-		writeResolvErr := ioutil.WriteFile(path.Join(wd, "resolv.conf"),
-			[]byte(`nameserver 8.8.8.8`), workingDirectoryPermission)
-
-		if writeResolvErr != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("cannot write resolv.conf file: %s", writeResolvErr)
-		}
-
-		cni, err := cninetwork.InitNetwork()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		client, err := containerd.New(providerConfig.Sock)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		defer client.Close()
-
-		invokeResolver := handlers.NewInvokeResolver(client)
-
-		userSecretPath := path.Join(wd, "secrets")
-
-		bootstrapHandlers := types.FaaSHandlers{
-			FunctionProxy:        proxy.NewHandlerFunc(*config, invokeResolver),
-			DeleteHandler:        handlers.MakeDeleteHandler(client, cni),
-			DeployHandler:        handlers.MakeDeployHandler(client, cni, userSecretPath, alwaysPull),
-			FunctionReader:       handlers.MakeReadHandler(client),
-			ReplicaReader:        handlers.MakeReplicaReaderHandler(client),
-			ReplicaUpdater:       handlers.MakeReplicaUpdateHandler(client, cni),
-			UpdateHandler:        handlers.MakeUpdateHandler(client, cni, userSecretPath, alwaysPull),
-			HealthHandler:        func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {},
-			InfoHandler:          handlers.MakeInfoHandler(Version, GitCommit),
-			ListNamespaceHandler: listNamespaces(),
-			SecretHandler:        handlers.MakeSecretHandler(client, userSecretPath),
-			LogHandler:           logs.NewLogHandlerFunc(faasdlogs.New(), config.ReadTimeout),
-		}
-
-		log.Printf("Listening on TCP port: %d\n", *config.TCPPort)
-		bootstrap.Serve(&bootstrapHandlers, config)
-		return nil
-	}
+	command.RunE = runProviderE
+	command.PreRunE = preRunE
 
 	return command
 }
 
-func listNamespaces() func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+func runProviderE(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+
+	config, providerConfig, err := config.ReadFromEnv(types.OsEnv{})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("faasd-provider starting..\tService Timeout: %s\n", config.WriteTimeout.String())
+	printVersion()
+
+	wd, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path.Join(wd, "hosts"),
+		[]byte(`127.0.0.1	localhost`), workingDirectoryPermission); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot write hosts file: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path.Join(wd, "resolv.conf"),
+		[]byte(`nameserver 8.8.8.8
+nameserver 8.8.4.4`), workingDirectoryPermission); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot write resolv.conf file: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	cni, err := cninetwork.InitNetwork()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	client, err := containerd.New(providerConfig.Sock)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	defer client.Close()
+
+	invokeResolver := handlers.NewInvokeResolver(client)
+
+	baseUserSecretsPath := path.Join(wd, "secrets")
+	if err := moveSecretsToDefaultNamespaceSecrets(
+		baseUserSecretsPath,
+		faasd.DefaultFunctionNamespace); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	alwaysPull := true
+	bootstrapHandlers := types.FaaSHandlers{
+		FunctionProxy:   httpHeaderMiddleware(proxy.NewHandlerFunc(*config, invokeResolver, false)),
+		DeleteFunction:  httpHeaderMiddleware(handlers.MakeDeleteHandler(client, cni)),
+		DeployFunction:  httpHeaderMiddleware(handlers.MakeDeployHandler(client, cni, baseUserSecretsPath, alwaysPull)),
+		FunctionLister:  httpHeaderMiddleware(handlers.MakeReadHandler(client)),
+		FunctionStatus:  httpHeaderMiddleware(handlers.MakeReplicaReaderHandler(client)),
+		ScaleFunction:   httpHeaderMiddleware(handlers.MakeReplicaUpdateHandler(client, cni)),
+		UpdateFunction:  httpHeaderMiddleware(handlers.MakeUpdateHandler(client, cni, baseUserSecretsPath, alwaysPull)),
+		Health:          httpHeaderMiddleware(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {}),
+		Info:            httpHeaderMiddleware(handlers.MakeInfoHandler(faasd.Version, faasd.GitCommit)),
+		ListNamespaces:  httpHeaderMiddleware(handlers.MakeNamespacesLister(client)),
+		Secrets:         httpHeaderMiddleware(handlers.MakeSecretHandler(client.NamespaceService(), baseUserSecretsPath)),
+		Logs:            httpHeaderMiddleware(logs.NewLogHandlerFunc(faasdlogs.New(), config.ReadTimeout)),
+		MutateNamespace: httpHeaderMiddleware(handlers.MakeMutateNamespace(client)),
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("Listening on: 0.0.0.0:%d", *config.TCPPort)
+	bootstrap.Serve(cmd.Context(), &bootstrapHandlers, config)
+	return nil
+}
+
+/*
+* Mutiple namespace support was added after release 0.13.0
+* Function will help users to migrate on multiple namespace support of faasd
+ */
+func moveSecretsToDefaultNamespaceSecrets(baseSecretPath string, defaultNamespace string) error {
+	newSecretPath := path.Join(baseSecretPath, defaultNamespace)
+
+	err := ensureSecretsDir(newSecretPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	files, err := os.ReadDir(baseSecretPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, f := range files {
+		if !f.IsDir() {
+
+			newPath := path.Join(newSecretPath, f.Name())
+
+			// A non-nil error means the file wasn't found in the
+			// destination path
+			if _, err := os.Stat(newPath); err != nil {
+				oldPath := path.Join(baseSecretPath, f.Name())
+
+				if err := copyFile(oldPath, newPath); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+
+				log.Printf("[Migration] Copied %s to %s", oldPath, newPath)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func copyFile(src, dst string) error {
+	inputFile, err := os.Open(src)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("opening %s failed %w", src, err)
+	}
+	defer inputFile.Close()
+
+	outputFile, err := os.OpenFile(dst, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND, secretDirPermission)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("opening %s failed %w", dst, err)
+	}
+	defer outputFile.Close()
+
+	// Changed from os.Rename due to issue in #201
+	if _, err := io.Copy(outputFile, inputFile); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("writing into %s failed %w", outputFile.Name(), err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func httpHeaderMiddleware(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		list := []string{""}
-		out, _ := json.Marshal(list)
-		w.Write(out)
+		w.Header().Set("X-OpenFaaS-EULA", "openfaas-ce")
+		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
 	}
 }

cmd/root.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 
 	"github.com/morikuni/aec"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 )
 
@@ -22,19 +23,8 @@ func RootCommand() *cobra.Command {
 	return rootCommand
 }
 
-var (
-	// GitCommit Git Commit SHA
-	GitCommit string
-	// Version version of the CLI
-	Version string
-)
-
 // Execute faasd
-func Execute(version, gitCommit string) error {
-
-	// Get Version and GitCommit values from main.go.
-	Version = version
-	GitCommit = gitCommit
+func Execute() error {
 
 	if err := rootCommand.Execute(); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -46,7 +36,16 @@ var rootCommand = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "faasd",
 	Short: "Start faasd",
 	Long: `
-faasd - serverless without Kubernetes
+faasd Community Edition (CE):
+
+Learn how to build, secure, and monitor functions with faasd with 
+the eBook:
+
+https://openfaas.gumroad.com/l/serverless-for-everyone-else
+
+License: OpenFaaS CE EULA with faasd addendum:
+
+https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/blob/master/EULA.md
 `,
 	RunE:         runRootCommand,
 	SilenceUsage: true,
@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ func parseBaseCommand(_ *cobra.Command, _ []string) {
 }
 
 func printVersion() {
-	fmt.Printf("faasd version: %s\tcommit: %s\n", GetVersion(), GitCommit)
+	fmt.Printf("faasd Community Edition (CE) version: %s\tcommit: %s\n", pkg.GetVersion(), pkg.GitCommit)
 }
 
 func printLogo() {
@@ -81,14 +80,6 @@ func printLogo() {
 	fmt.Println(logoText)
 }
 
-// GetVersion get latest version
-func GetVersion() string {
-	if len(Version) == 0 {
-		return "dev"
-	}
-	return Version
-}
-
 // Logo for version and root command
 const Logo = `  __                     _ 
  / _| __ _  __ _ ___  __| |

cmd/up.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package cmd
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
@@ -16,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
 	flag "github.com/spf13/pflag"
 
+	units "github.com/docker/go-units"
 	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
 )
 
@@ -38,9 +38,10 @@ func init() {
 }
 
 var upCmd = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "up",
-	Short: "Start faasd",
-	RunE:  runUp,
+	Use:     "up",
+	Short:   "Start faasd",
+	RunE:    runUp,
+	PreRunE: preRunE,
 }
 
 func runUp(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
@@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ func runUp(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	log.Printf("Supervisor created in: %s\n", time.Since(start).String())
+	log.Printf("Supervisor created in: %s\n", units.HumanDuration(time.Since(start)))
 
 	start = time.Now()
 	if err := supervisor.Start(services); err != nil {
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ func runUp(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
 	}
 	defer supervisor.Close()
 
-	log.Printf("Supervisor init done in: %s\n", time.Since(start).String())
+	log.Printf("Supervisor init done in: %s\n", units.HumanDuration(time.Since(start)))
 
 	shutdownTimeout := time.Second * 1
 	timeout := time.Second * 60
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ func makeFile(filePath, fileContents string) error {
 		return nil
 	} else if os.IsNotExist(err) {
 		log.Printf("Writing to: %q\n", filePath)
-		return ioutil.WriteFile(filePath, []byte(fileContents), workingDirectoryPermission)
+		return os.WriteFile(filePath, []byte(fileContents), workingDirectoryPermission)
 	} else {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -203,3 +204,11 @@ func parseUpFlags(cmd *cobra.Command) (upConfig, error) {
 	parsed.workingDir = faasdwd
 	return parsed, err
 }
+
+func preRunE(cmd *cobra.Command, _ []string) error {
+	if err := pkg.ConnectivityCheck(); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the OpenFaaS CE EULA requires Internet access, upgrade to faasd Pro to continue")
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

docker-compose.yaml

@@ -1,47 +1,45 @@
 version: "3.7"
 services:
-  basic-auth-plugin:
-    image: ghcr.io/openfaas/basic-auth:0.20.5
-    environment:
-      - port=8080
-      - secret_mount_path=/run/secrets
-      - user_filename=basic-auth-user
-      - pass_filename=basic-auth-password
-    volumes:
-      # we assume cwd == /var/lib/faasd
-      - type: bind
-        source: ./secrets/basic-auth-password
-        target: /run/secrets/basic-auth-password
-      - type: bind
-        source: ./secrets/basic-auth-user
-        target: /run/secrets/basic-auth-user
-    cap_add:
-      - CAP_NET_RAW
 
   nats:
-    image: docker.io/library/nats-streaming:0.11.2
+    image: docker.io/library/nats-streaming:0.25.6
+# nobody
+    user: "65534"
     command:
       - "/nats-streaming-server"
       - "-m"
       - "8222"
-      - "--store=memory"
+      - "--store=file"
+      - "--dir=/nats"
       - "--cluster_id=faas-cluster"
+    volumes:
+# Data directory
+      - type: bind
+        source: ./nats
+        target: /nats
     # ports:
     #    - "127.0.0.1:8222:8222"
 
   prometheus:
-    image: docker.io/prom/prometheus:v2.14.0
+    image: docker.io/prom/prometheus:v2.49.1
+# nobody
+    user: "65534"
     volumes:
+# Config directory
       - type: bind
         source: ./prometheus.yml
         target: /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
+# Data directory
+      - type: bind
+        source: ./prometheus
+        target: /prometheus
     cap_add:
       - CAP_NET_RAW
     ports:
        - "127.0.0.1:9090:9090"
 
   gateway:
-    image: ghcr.io/openfaas/gateway:0.20.5
+    image: ghcr.io/openfaas/gateway:0.27.9
     environment:
       - basic_auth=true
       - functions_provider_url=http://faasd-provider:8081/
@@ -51,10 +49,9 @@ services:
       - upstream_timeout=65s
       - faas_nats_address=nats
       - faas_nats_port=4222
-      - auth_proxy_url=http://basic-auth-plugin:8080/validate
-      - auth_proxy_pass_body=false
       - secret_mount_path=/run/secrets
       - scale_from_zero=true
+      - function_namespace=openfaas-fn
     volumes:
       # we assume cwd == /var/lib/faasd
       - type: bind
@@ -66,14 +63,13 @@ services:
     cap_add:
       - CAP_NET_RAW
     depends_on:
-      - basic-auth-plugin
       - nats
       - prometheus
     ports:
        - "8080:8080"
 
   queue-worker:
-    image: docker.io/openfaas/queue-worker:0.11.2
+    image: ghcr.io/openfaas/queue-worker:0.14.1
     environment:
       - faas_nats_address=nats
       - faas_nats_port=4222

docs/DEV.md

@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
-## Instructions for hacking on faasd itself
+## Instructions for building and testing faasd locally
 
 > Note: if you're just wanting to try out faasd, then it's likely that you're on the wrong page. This is a detailed set of instructions for those wanting to contribute or customise faasd. Feel free to go back to the homepage and pick a tutorial instead.
 
+Do you want to help the community test a pull request?
+
+See these instructions instead: [Testing patches](/docs/PATCHES.md)
+
 ### Pre-reqs
 
 > It's recommended that you do not install Docker on the same host as faasd, since 1) they may both use different versions of containerd and 2) docker's networking rules can disrupt faasd's networking. When using faasd - make your faasd server a faasd server, and build container image on your laptop or in a CI pipeline.
@@ -16,15 +20,15 @@
 
     For Windows users, install [Git Bash](https://git-scm.com/downloads) along with multipass or vagrant. You can also use WSL1 or WSL2 which provides a Linux environment.
 
-    You will also need [containerd v1.3.5](https://github.com/containerd/containerd) and the [CNI plugins v0.8.5](https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins)
+    You will also need [containerd](https://github.com/containerd/containerd) and the [CNI plugins](https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins)
 
     [faas-cli](https://github.com/openfaas/faas-cli) is optional, but recommended.
 
 If you're using multipass, then allocate sufficient resources:
 
-```sh
+```bash
 multipass launch \
-  --mem 4G \
+  --memory 4G \
   -c 2 \
   -n faasd
 
@@ -34,7 +38,7 @@ multipass shell faasd
 
 ### Get runc
 
-```sh
+```bash
 sudo apt update \
   && sudo apt install -qy \
     runc \
@@ -53,14 +57,13 @@ curl -sLS https://cli.openfaas.com | sudo sh
 #### Install the CNI plugins:
 
 * For PC run `export ARCH=amd64`
-* For RPi/armhf run `export ARCH=arm`
 * For arm64 run `export ARCH=arm64`
 
 Then run:
 
-```sh
+```bash
 export ARCH=amd64
-export CNI_VERSION=v0.8.5
+export CNI_VERSION=v0.9.1
 
 sudo mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
 curl -sSL https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/${CNI_VERSION}/cni-plugins-linux-${ARCH}-${CNI_VERSION}.tgz | sudo tar -xz -C /opt/cni/bin
@@ -79,36 +82,27 @@ EOF'
 
 ### Get containerd
 
-You have three options - binaries for PC, binaries for armhf, or build from source.
 
 * Install containerd `x86_64` only
 
-```sh
-export VER=1.3.5
-curl -sSL https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v$VER/containerd-$VER-linux-amd64.tar.gz > /tmp/containerd.tar.gz \
+```bash
+export VER=1.7.22
+curl -sSL https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v$VER/containerd-$VER-linux-amd64.tar.gz -o /tmp/containerd.tar.gz \
   && sudo tar -xvf /tmp/containerd.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin/ --strip-components=1
 
 containerd -version
 ```
 
-* Or get my containerd binaries for Raspberry Pi (armhf)
-
-    Building `containerd` on armhf is extremely slow, so I've provided binaries for you.
-
-    ```sh
-    curl -sSL https://github.com/alexellis/containerd-armhf/releases/download/v1.3.5/containerd.tgz | sudo tar -xvz --strip-components=2 -C /usr/local/bin/
-    ```
-
 * Or clone / build / install [containerd](https://github.com/containerd/containerd) from source:
 
-    ```sh
+    ```bash
     export GOPATH=$HOME/go/
     mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/containerd
     cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/containerd
     git clone https://github.com/containerd/containerd
     cd containerd
     git fetch origin --tags
-    git checkout v1.3.5
+    git checkout v1.7.22
 
     make
     sudo make install
@@ -118,8 +112,8 @@ containerd -version
 
 #### Ensure containerd is running
 
-```sh
-curl -sLS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/v1.3.5/containerd.service > /tmp/containerd.service
+```bash
+curl -sLS https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/v1.7.22/containerd.service > /tmp/containerd.service
 
 # Extend the timeouts for low-performance VMs
 echo "[Manager]" | tee -a /tmp/containerd.service
@@ -134,7 +128,7 @@ sudo systemctl restart containerd
 
 Or run ad-hoc. This step can be useful for exploring why containerd might fail to start.
 
-```sh
+```bash
 sudo containerd &
 ```
 
@@ -142,13 +136,13 @@ sudo containerd &
 
 > This is required to allow containers in containerd to access the Internet via your computer's primary network interface.
 
-```sh
+```bash
 sudo /sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1
 ```
 
 Make the setting permanent:
 
-```sh
+```bash
 echo "net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1" | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
 ```
 
@@ -156,7 +150,7 @@ echo "net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1" | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
 
 #### Get build packages
 
-```sh
+```bash
 sudo apt update \
   && sudo apt install -qy \
     runc \
@@ -168,8 +162,8 @@ You may find alternative package names for CentOS and other Linux distributions.
 
 #### Install Go 1.13 (x86_64)
 
-```sh
-curl -sSLf https://dl.google.com/go/go1.13.6.linux-amd64.tar.gz > /tmp/go.tgz
+```bash
+curl -SLf https://golang.org/dl/go1.16.linux-amd64.tar.gz > /tmp/go.tgz
 sudo rm -rf /usr/local/go/
 sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/go/
 sudo tar -xvf /tmp/go.tgz -C /usr/local/go/ --strip-components=1
@@ -182,15 +176,15 @@ go version
 
 You should also add the following to `~/.bash_profile`:
 
-```sh
+```bash
 echo "export GOPATH=\$HOME/go/" | tee -a $HOME/.bash_profile
 echo "export PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin/" | tee -a $HOME/.bash_profile
 ```
 
 #### Or on Raspberry Pi (armhf)
 
-```sh
-curl -SLsf https://dl.google.com/go/go1.13.6.linux-armv6l.tar.gz > go.tgz
+```bash
+curl -SLsf https://golang.org/dl/go1.16.linux-armv6l.tar.gz > go.tgz
 sudo rm -rf /usr/local/go/
 sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/go/
 sudo tar -xvf go.tgz -C /usr/local/go/ --strip-components=1
@@ -203,7 +197,7 @@ go version
 
 #### Clone faasd and its systemd unit files
 
-```sh
+```bash
 mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/openfaas/
 cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/openfaas/
 git clone https://github.com/openfaas/faasd
@@ -211,7 +205,7 @@ git clone https://github.com/openfaas/faasd
 
 #### Build `faasd` from source (optional)
 
-```sh
+```bash
 cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/openfaas/faasd
 cd faasd
 make local
@@ -222,18 +216,15 @@ sudo cp bin/faasd /usr/local/bin
 
 #### Or, download and run `faasd` (binaries)
 
-```sh
+```bash
 # For x86_64
 export SUFFIX=""
 
-# armhf
-export SUFFIX="-armhf"
-
 # arm64
 export SUFFIX="-arm64"
 
 # Then download
-curl -fSLs "https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/releases/download/0.10.0/faasd$SUFFIX" \
+curl -fSLs "https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/releases/download/0.16.2/faasd$SUFFIX" \
     -o "/tmp/faasd" \
     && chmod +x "/tmp/faasd" 
 sudo mv /tmp/faasd /usr/local/bin/
@@ -243,26 +234,26 @@ sudo mv /tmp/faasd /usr/local/bin/
 
 This step installs faasd as a systemd unit file, creates files in `/var/lib/faasd`, and writes out networking configuration for the CNI bridge networking plugin.
 
-```sh
+```bash
 sudo faasd install
 
 2020/02/17 17:38:06 Writing to: "/var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password"
 2020/02/17 17:38:06 Writing to: "/var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-user"
 Login with:
-  sudo cat /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password | faas-cli login -s
+  sudo -E cat /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password | faas-cli login -s
 ```
 
 You can now log in either from this machine or a remote machine using the OpenFaaS UI, or CLI.
 
 Check that faasd is ready:
 
-```
+```bash
 sudo journalctl -u faasd
 ```
 
 You should see output like:
 
-```
+```bash
 Feb 17 17:46:35 gold-survive faasd[4140]: 2020/02/17 17:46:35 Starting faasd proxy on 8080
 Feb 17 17:46:35 gold-survive faasd[4140]: Gateway: 10.62.0.5:8080
 Feb 17 17:46:35 gold-survive faasd[4140]: 2020/02/17 17:46:35 [proxy] Wait for done
@@ -271,7 +262,7 @@ Feb 17 17:46:35 gold-survive faasd[4140]: 2020/02/17 17:46:35 [proxy] Begin list
 
 To get the CLI for the command above run:
 
-```sh
+```bash
 curl -sSLf https://cli.openfaas.com | sudo sh
 ```
 
@@ -327,7 +318,7 @@ faasd provider
 
 Look in `hosts` in the current working folder or in `/var/lib/faasd/` to get the IP for the gateway or Prometheus
 
-```sh
+```bash
 127.0.0.1      localhost
 10.62.0.1      faasd-provider
 
@@ -357,3 +348,31 @@ The default Basic Auth username is `admin`, which is written to `/var/lib/faasd/
 * `faasd install` - install faasd and containerd with systemd, this must be run from `$GOPATH/src/github.com/openfaas/faasd`
 * `journalctl -u faasd -f` - faasd service logs
 * `journalctl -u faasd-provider -f` - faasd-provider service logs
+
+#### Uninstall
+
+* Stop faasd and faasd-provider
+```
+sudo systemctl stop faasd
+sudo systemctl stop faasd-provider
+sudo systemctl stop containerd
+```
+
+* Remove faasd from machine
+```
+sudo systemctl disable faasd
+sudo systemctl disable faasd-provider
+sudo systemctl disable containerd
+sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin/faasd
+sudo rm -rf /var/lib/faasd
+sudo rm -rf /usr/lib/systemd/system/faasd-provider.service
+sudo rm -rf /usr/lib/systemd/system/faasd.service
+sudo rm -rf /usr/lib/systemd/system/containerd
+sudo systemctl daemon-reload
+```
+
+* Remove additional dependencies. Be cautious as other software will be dependent on these.
+```
+sudo apt-get remove runc bridge-utils
+sudo rm -rf /opt/cni/bin
+```

docs/MULTIPASS.md

@@ -27,111 +27,112 @@ It took me about 2-3 minutes to run through everything after installing multipas
 
 * Get my cloud-config.txt file
 
-```sh
-curl -sSLO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openfaas/faasd/master/cloud-config.txt
-```
+    ```sh
+    curl -sSLO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openfaas/faasd/master/cloud-config.txt
+    ```
 
-* Update the SSH key to match your own, edit `cloud-config.txt`:
+* Boot the VM 
 
-Replace the 2nd line with the contents of `~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub`:
+    The `cloud-config.txt` contains an ssh key to allow your local machine to access the VM. However, this must be updated with your local ssh key. 
+    This command will update the key with your local public key value and start the VM.
 
-```
-ssh_authorized_keys:
-  - ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC8Q/aUYUr3P1XKVucnO9mlWxOjJm+K01lHJR90MkHC9zbfTqlp8P7C3J26zKAuzHXOeF+VFxETRr6YedQKW9zp5oP7sN+F2gr/pO7GV3VmOqHMV7uKfyUQfq7H1aVzLfCcI7FwN2Zekv3yB7kj35pbsMa1Za58aF6oHRctZU6UWgXXbRxP+B04DoVU7jTstQ4GMoOCaqYhgPHyjEAS3DW0kkPW6HzsvJHkxvVcVlZ/wNJa1Ie/yGpzOzWIN0Ol0t2QT/RSWOhfzO1A2P0XbPuZ04NmriBonO9zR7T1fMNmmtTuK7WazKjQT3inmYRAqU6pe8wfX8WIWNV7OowUjUsv alex@alexr.local
-```
+    ```sh
+    sed "s/ssh-rsa.*/$(cat $HOME/.ssh/id_*.pub)/" cloud-config.txt | multipass launch --name faasd --cloud-init -
+    ```
 
-* Boot the VM
+    This can also be done manually, just replace the 2nd line of the `cloud-config.txt` with the contents of your public ssh key, usually either `~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub` or `~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub`
 
-```sh
-multipass launch --cloud-init cloud-config.txt  --name faasd
-```
+    ```
+    ssh_authorized_keys:
+      - ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC8Q/aUYUr3P1XKVucnO9mlWxOjJm+K01lHJR90MkHC9zbfTqlp8P7C3J26zKAuzHXOeF+VFxETRr6YedQKW9zp5oP7sN+F2gr/pO7GV3VmOqHMV7uKfyUQfq7H1aVzLfCcI7FwN2Zekv3yB7kj35pbsMa1Za58aF6oHRctZU6UWgXXbRxP+B04DoVU7jTstQ4GMoOCaqYhgPHyjEAS3DW0kkPW6HzsvJHkxvVcVlZ/wNJa1Ie/yGpzOzWIN0Ol0t2QT/RSWOhfzO1A2P0XbPuZ04NmriBonO9zR7T1fMNmmtTuK7WazKjQT3inmYRAqU6pe8wfX8WIWNV7OowUjUsv alex@alexr.local
+    ```
 
 * Get the VM's IP and connect with `ssh`
 
-```sh
-multipass info faasd
-Name:           faasd
-State:          Running
-IPv4:           192.168.64.14
-Release:        Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS
-Image hash:     a720c34066dc (Ubuntu 18.04 LTS)
-Load:           0.79 0.19 0.06
-Disk usage:     1.1G out of 4.7G
-Memory usage:   145.6M out of 985.7M
-```
+    ```sh
+    multipass info faasd
+    Name:           faasd
+    State:          Running
+    IPv4:           192.168.64.14
+    Release:        Ubuntu 18.04.3 LTS
+    Image hash:     a720c34066dc (Ubuntu 18.04 LTS)
+    Load:           0.79 0.19 0.06
+    Disk usage:     1.1G out of 4.7G
+    Memory usage:   145.6M out of 985.7M
+    ```
 
-Set the variable `IP`:
+    Set the variable `IP`:
 
-```
-export IP="192.168.64.14"
-```
+    ```
+    export IP="192.168.64.14"
+    ```
 
-You can also try to use `jq` to get the IP into a variable:
+    You can also try to use `jq` to get the IP into a variable:
 
-```sh
-export IP=$(multipass info faasd --format json| jq '.info.faasd.ipv4[0]' | tr -d '\"')
-```
+    ```sh
+    export IP=$(multipass info faasd --format json| jq -r '.info.faasd.ipv4[0]')
+    ```
 
-Connect to the IP listed:
+    Connect to the IP listed:
 
-```sh
-ssh ubuntu@$IP
-```
+    ```sh
+    ssh ubuntu@$IP
+    ```
 
-Log out once you know it works.
+    Log out once you know it works.
 
 * Let's capture the authentication password into a file for use with `faas-cli`
 
-```
-ssh ubuntu@$IP "sudo cat /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password" > basic-auth-password
-```
+    ```
+    ssh ubuntu@$IP "sudo cat /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password" > basic-auth-password
+    ```
 
 ## Try faasd (OpenFaaS)
 
 * Login from your laptop (the host)
 
-```
-export OPENFAAS_URL=http://$IP:8080
-cat basic-auth-password | faas-cli login -s
-```
+    ```
+    export OPENFAAS_URL=http://$IP:8080
+    cat basic-auth-password | faas-cli login -s
+    ```
 
 * Deploy a function and invoke it
 
-```
-faas-cli store deploy figlet --env write_timeout=1s
-echo "faasd" | faas-cli invoke figlet
+    ```
+    faas-cli store deploy figlet --env write_timeout=1s
+    echo "faasd" | faas-cli invoke figlet
 
-faas-cli describe figlet
+    faas-cli describe figlet
 
-# Run async
-curl -i -d "faasd-async" $OPENFAAS_URL/async-function/figlet
+    # Run async
+    curl -i -d "faasd-async" $OPENFAAS_URL/async-function/figlet
 
-# Run async with a callback
+    # Run async with a callback
 
-curl -i -d "faasd-async" -H "X-Callback-Url: http://some-request-bin.com/path" $OPENFAAS_URL/async-function/figlet
-```
+    curl -i -d "faasd-async" -H "X-Callback-Url: http://some-request-bin.com/path" $OPENFAAS_URL/async-function/figlet
+    ```
 
-You can also checkout the other store functions: `faas-cli store list`
+    You can also checkout the other store functions: `faas-cli store list`
 
 * Try the UI
 
-Head over to the UI from your laptop and remember that your password is in the `basic-auth-password` file. The username is `admin.:
+    Head over to the UI from your laptop and remember that your password is in the `basic-auth-password` file. The username is `admin`:
 
-```
-echo http://$IP:8080
-```
+    ```
+    echo http://$IP:8080
+    ```
 
 * Stop/start the instance
 
-```sh
-multipass stop faasd
-```
+    ```sh
+    multipass stop faasd
+    ```
 
 * Delete, if you want to:
 
-```
-multipass delete --purge faasd
-```
+    ```
+    multipass delete --purge faasd
+    ```
 
 You now have a faasd appliance on your Mac. You can also use this cloud-init file with public cloud like AWS or DigitalOcean.
 

docs/PATCHES.md

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+## Instructions for testing a patch for faasd
+
+### Launch a virtual machine
+
+You can use any kind of Linux virtual machine, Ubuntu 20.04 is recommended.
+
+Launch a cloud VM or use [Multipass](https://multipass.run), which is free to use an can be run locally. A Raspberry Pi 3 or 4 could also be used, but will need you to run `make dist` to cross compile a valid binary.
+
+### Copy over your SSH key
+
+Your SSH key will be used, so that you can copy a new faasd binary over to the host.
+
+```bash
+multipass launch \
+  --memory 4G \
+  -c 2 \
+  -n faasd
+
+# Then access its shell
+multipass shell faasd
+
+# Edit .ssh/authorized_keys
+
+# Add .ssh/id_rsa.pub from your host and save the file
+```
+
+### Install faasd on the VM
+
+You start off with the upstream version of faasd on the host, then add the new version over the top later on.
+
+```bash
+cd /tmp/
+git clone https://github.com/openfaas/faasd --depth=1
+cd faasd/hack
+./install.sh
+
+# Run the login command given to you at the end of the script
+```
+
+Get the multipass IP address:
+
+```bash
+export IP=$(multipass info faasd --format json| jq -r '.info.faasd.ipv4[0]')
+```
+
+### Build a new faasd binary with the patch
+
+Check out faasd on your local computer
+
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/openfaas/faasd
+cd faasd
+
+gh pr checkout #PR_NUMBER_HERE
+
+GOOS=linux go build
+
+# You can also run "make dist" which is slower, but includes
+# a version and binaries for other platforms such as the Raspberry Pi
+```
+
+### Copy it over to the VM
+
+Now build a new faasd binary and copy it to the VM:
+
+```bash
+scp faasd ubuntu@$IP:~/
+```
+
+Now deploy the new version on the VM:
+
+```bash
+killall -9 faasd-linux; killall -9 faasd-linux ; mv ./faasd-linux /usr/local/bin/faasd
+```
+
+### Check it worked and test that patch
+
+Now run a command with `faas-cli` such as:
+
+* `faas-cli list`
+* `faas-cli version`
+
+See the testing instructions on the PR and run through those steps.
+
+Post your results on GitHub to assist the creator of the pull request.
+
+You can see how to get the logs for various components using the [eBook Serverless For Everyone Else](https://openfaas.gumroad.com/l/serverless-for-everyone-else), or by consulting the [DEV.md](/docs/DEV.md) guide.
+

docs/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Documentation
+
+- [Develop faasd](./DEV.md) - Instructions for building and testing faasd locally
+- [Testing faasd](./PATCHES.md) - Instructions for testing a patch for faasd
+- [Roadmap](./ROADMAP.md) - Overview of features, backlog and known issues
+- [Run faasd with multipass](./MULTIPASS.md) - Tutorial on how to run faasd on a local multipass VM
+- [Terraform modules](./TERRAFORM.md) - A collection of official and community provided terraform modules for faasd

docs/ROADMAP.md

@@ -1,62 +1,92 @@
 # faasd backlog and features
 
+It's important to understand the vision for faasd vs OpenFaaS CE/Pro.
+
+faasd is a single-node implementation of OpenFaaS.
+
+It is supposed to be a lightweight, low-overhead, way to deploy OpenFaaS functions for functions which do not need planet-scale.
+
+It is not supposed to have multiple replicas, clustering, HA, or auto-scaling.
+
+[Learn when to use faasd](https://docs.openfaas.com/deployment/)
+
 ## Supported operations
 
-* `faas login`
-* `faas up`
-* `faas list`
-* `faas describe`
-* `faas deploy --update=true --replace=false`
-* `faas invoke --async`
-* `faas invoke`
-* `faas rm`
-* `faas store list/deploy/inspect`
-* `faas version`
-* `faas namespace`
-* `faas secret`
-* `faas logs`
-* `faas auth` - supported for Basic Authentication and OpenFaaS PRO with OIDC and Single-sign On.
+* `faas-cli login`
+* `faas-cli up`
+* `faas-cli list`
+* `faas-cli describe`
+* `faas-cli deploy --update=true --replace=false`
+* `faas-cli invoke --async`
+* `faas-cli invoke`
+* `faas-cli rm`
+* `faas-cli store list/deploy/inspect`
+* `faas-cli version`
+* `faas-cli namespace`
+* `faas-cli secret`
+* `faas-cli logs`
+* `faas-cli auth` - supported for Basic Authentication and OpenFaaS Pro with OIDC and Single-sign On.
 
-Scale from and to zero is also supported. On a Dell XPS with a small, pre-pulled image unpausing an existing task took 0.19s and starting a task for a killed function took 0.39s. There may be further optimizations to be gained.
+The OpenFaaS REST API is supported by faasd, learn more in the [manual](https://store.openfaas.com/l/serverless-for-everyone-else) under "Can I get an API with that?"
 
 ## Constraints vs OpenFaaS on Kubernetes
 
-faasd suits certain use-cases as mentioned in the README file, for those who want a solution which can scale out horizontally with minimum effort, Kubernetes or K3s is a valid option.
+faasd suits certain use-cases as mentioned in the [README.md](/README.md) file, for those who want a solution which can scale out horizontally with minimum effort, Kubernetes or K3s is a valid option.
+
+Which is right for you? [Read a comparison in the OpenFaaS docs](https://docs.openfaas.com/deployment/)
 
 ### One replica per function
 
-Functions only support one replica, so cannot scale horizontally, but can scale vertically.
+Functions only support one replica for each function, so that means horizontal scaling is not available.
 
-Workaround: deploy one uniquely named function per replica.
+It can scale vertically, and this may be a suitable alternative for many use-cases. See the [YAML reference for how to configure limits](https://docs.openfaas.com/reference/yaml/).
+
+Workaround: deploy multiple, dynamically named functions `scraper-1`, `scraper-2`, `scraper-3` and set up a reverse proxy rule to load balance i.e. `scraper.example.com => [/function/scraper-1, /function/scraper-2, /function/scraper-3]`.
 
 ### Scale from zero may give a non-200
 
-When scaling from zero there is no health check implemented, so the request may arrive before your HTTP server is ready to serve a request, and therefore give a non-200 code.
+faasd itself does not implement a health check to determine if a function is ready for traffic. Since faasd doesn't support auto-scaling, this is unlikely to affect you.
 
-Workaround: Do not scale to zero, or have your client retry HTTP calls.
+Workaround: Have your client retry HTTP calls, or don't scale to zero.
 
-### No clustering is available
+### Leaf-node only - no clustering
 
-No clustering is available in faasd, however you can still apply fault-tolerance and high availability techniques.
+faasd is operates on a leaf-node/single-node model. If this is an issue for you, but you have resource constraints, you will need to use [OpenFaaS CE or Pro on Kubernetes](https://docs.openfaas.com/deployment/).
 
-Workaround: deploy multiple faasd instances and use a hardware or software load-balancer. Take regular VM/host snapshots or backups.
+There are no plans to add any form of clustering or multi-node support to faasd.
 
-### No rolling updates
+See past discussion at: [HA / resilience in faasd #225](https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/issues/225)
 
-When running `faas-cli deploy`, your old function is removed before the new one is started. This may cause a small amount of downtime, depending on the timeouts and grace periods you set.
+What about HA and fault tolerance?
 
-Workaround: deploy uniquely named functions per version, and switch an Ingress or Reverse Proxy record to point at a new version once it is ready.
+To achieve fault tolerance, you could put two faasd instances behind a load balancer or proxy, but you will need to deploy the same set of functions to each.
+
+An alternative would be to take regular VM backups or snapshots.
+
+### No rolling updates are available today
+
+When running `faas-cli deploy`, your old function is removed before the new one is started. This may cause a period of downtime, depending on the timeouts and grace periods you set.
+
+Workaround: deploy uniquely named functions i.e. `scraper-1` and `scraper-2` with a reverse proxy rule that maps `/function/scraper` to the active version.
 
 ## Known issues
 
-### Non 200 HTTP status from the gateway upon first use
+### Troubleshooting
+
+There is a very detailed chapter on troubleshooting in the eBook [Serverless For Everyone Else](https://store.openfaas.com/l/serverless-for-everyone-else)
+
+### Your function timed-out at 60 seconds
+
+This is no longer an issue, see the manual for how to configure a longer timeout, updated 3rd October 2022.
+
+### Non 200 HTTP status from the gateway upon reboot
 
 This issue appears to happen sporadically and only for some users.
 
 If you get a non 200 HTTP code from the gateway, or caddy after installing faasd, check the logs of faasd:
 
 ```bash
-sudo journalctl -t faasd
+sudo journalctl -u faasd
 ```
 
 If you see the following error:
@@ -75,20 +105,24 @@ sudo systemctl restart faasd
 
 Should have:
 
-* [ ] Resolve core services from functions by populating/sharing `/etc/hosts` between `faasd` and `faasd-provider`
-* [ ] Docs or examples on how to use the various connectors and connector-sdk
-* [ ] Monitor and restart any of the core components at runtime if the container stops
-* [ ] Asynchronous deletion instead of synchronous
+* [ ] Restart any of the containers in docker-compose.yaml if they crash.
+* [ ] Asynchronous function deployment and deletion (currently synchronous/blocking)
 
 Nice to Have:
 
-* [ ] Terraform for AWS (in-progress)
-* [ ] Total memory limits - if a node has 1GB of RAM, don't allow more than 1000MB of RAM to be reserved via limits
-* [ ] Offer live rolling-updates, with zero downtime - requires moving to IDs vs. names for function containers
+* [ ] Live rolling-updates, with zero downtime (may require using IDs instead of names for function containers)
+* [ ] Apply a total memory limit for the host (if a node has 1GB of RAM, don't allow more than 1GB of RAM to be specified in the limits field)
+* [ ] Terraform for AWS EC2
+
+Won't have:
+
+* [ ] Clustering
 * [ ] Multiple replicas per function
 
 ### Completed
 
+* [x] Docs or examples on how to use the various event connectors (Yes in the eBook)
+* [x] Resolve core services from functions by populating/sharing `/etc/hosts` between `faasd` and `faasd-provider`
 * [x] Provide a cloud-init configuration for faasd bootstrap
 * [x] Configure core services from a docker-compose.yaml file
 * [x] Store and fetch logs from the journal
@@ -101,7 +135,7 @@ Nice to Have:
 * [x] Self-install / create systemd service via `faasd install`
 * [x] Restart containers upon restart of faasd
 * [x] Clear / remove containers and tasks with SIGTERM / SIGINT
-* [x] Determine armhf/arm64 containers to run for gateway
+* [x] Determine arm64 containers to run for gateway
 * [x] Configure `basic_auth` to protect the OpenFaaS gateway and faasd-provider HTTP API
 * [x] Setup custom working directory for faasd `/var/lib/faasd/`
 * [x] Use CNI to create network namespaces and adapters
@@ -113,4 +147,5 @@ Nice to Have:
 * [x] Terraform for DigitalOcean
 * [x] [Store and retrieve annotations in function spec](https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/pull/86) - in progress
 * [x] An installer for faasd and dependencies - runc, containerd
-
+* [x] Offer a recommendation or implement a strategy for faasd replication/HA
+* [x] [Remove / deprecate armhf / armv7 support](https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/issues/364)

docs/TERRAFORM.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Terraform Modules for faasd
+
+| Terraform Module | Author | Origin | Status |
+|-----------|--------|--------|--------|
+| [faasd on DigitalOcean](https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/tree/master/docs/bootstrap/digitalocean-terraform) | OpenFaaS | Official | Active |
+| [faasd on DigitalOcean](https://github.com/jsiebens/terraform-digitalocean-faasd) | Johan Siebens | Community | Active |
+| [faasd on Google Cloud Platform](https://github.com/jsiebens/terraform-google-faasd) | Johan Siebens | Community | Active |
+| [faasd on Microsoft Azure ](https://github.com/jsiebens/terraform-azurerm-faasd) | Johan Siebens | Community | Active |
+| [faasd on Equinix Metal](https://github.com/jsiebens/terraform-equinix-faasd) | Johan Siebens | Community | Active |
+| [faasd on Scaleway](https://github.com/jsiebens/terraform-scaleway-faasd) | Johan Siebens | Community | Active |
+| [faasd on Amazon Web Services](https://github.com/jsiebens/terraform-aws-faasd) |Johan Siebens | Community | Active |
+| [faasd on Linode](https://github.com/itTrident/terraform-linode-faasd) | itTrident | Community | Active |
+| [faasd on Vultr](https://github.com/itTrident/terraform-vultr-faasd) | itTrident | Community | Active |
+| [faasd on Exoscale](https://github.com/itTrident/terraform-exoscale-faasd) | itTrident | Community | Active |

docs/bootstrap/.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-/.terraform/
-/terraform.tfstate
-/terraform.tfstate.backup

docs/bootstrap/README.md

@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-# Bootstrap faasd on Digitalocean
-
-1) [Sign up to DigitalOcean](https://www.digitalocean.com/?refcode=2962aa9e56a1&utm_campaign=Referral_Invite&utm_medium=Referral_Program&utm_source=CopyPaste)
-2) [Download Terraform](https://www.terraform.io)
-3) Clone this gist using the URL from the address bar
-4) Run `terraform init`
-5) Run `terraform apply -var="do_token=$(cat $HOME/digitalocean-access-token)"`
-6) View the output for the login command and gateway URL i.e.
-
-```
-gateway_url = http://178.128.39.201:8080/
-login_cmd = faas-cli login -g http://178.128.39.201:8080/ -p rvIU49CEcFcHmqxj
-password = rvIU49CEcFcHmqxj
-```
-
-Note that the user-data may take a couple of minutes to come up since it will be pulling in various components and preparing the machine.
-
-A single host with 1GB of RAM will be deployed for you, to remove at a later date simply use `terraform destroy`.
-
-If required, you can remove the VM via `terraform destroy -var="do_token=$(cat $HOME/digitalocean-access-token)"`

docs/bootstrap/cloud-config.tpl

@@ -1,26 +1,23 @@
 #cloud-config
-ssh_authorized_keys:
-## Note: Replace with your own public key
-  - ${ssh_key}
-
 package_update: true
 
 packages:
  - runc
+ - git
 
 runcmd:
-- curl -sLSf https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.3.5/containerd-1.3.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz > /tmp/containerd.tar.gz && tar -xvf /tmp/containerd.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin/ --strip-components=1
-- curl -SLfs https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/v1.3.5/containerd.service | tee /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
+- curl -sLSf https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.7.0/containerd-1.7.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz > /tmp/containerd.tar.gz && tar -xvf /tmp/containerd.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin/ --strip-components=1
+- curl -SLfs https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/v1.7.0/containerd.service | tee /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
 - systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start containerd
 - /sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1
 - mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
-- curl -sSL https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.5/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.5.tgz | tar -xz -C /opt/cni/bin
+- curl -sSL https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.9.1/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.9.1.tgz | tar -xz -C /opt/cni/bin
 - mkdir -p /go/src/github.com/openfaas/
 - mkdir -p /var/lib/faasd/secrets/
 - echo ${gw_password} > /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password
 - echo admin > /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-user
-- cd /go/src/github.com/openfaas/ && git clone --depth 1 --branch 0.10.0 https://github.com/openfaas/faasd
-- curl -fSLs "https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/releases/download/0.10.0/faasd" --output "/usr/local/bin/faasd" && chmod a+x "/usr/local/bin/faasd"
+- cd /go/src/github.com/openfaas/ && git clone --depth 1 --branch 0.16.2 https://github.com/openfaas/faasd
+- curl -fSLs "https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/releases/download/0.16.2/faasd" --output "/usr/local/bin/faasd" && chmod a+x "/usr/local/bin/faasd"
 - cd /go/src/github.com/openfaas/faasd/ && /usr/local/bin/faasd install
 - systemctl status -l containerd --no-pager
 - journalctl -u faasd-provider --no-pager

docs/bootstrap/digitalocean-terraform/.terraform.lock.hcl

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+# This file is maintained automatically by "terraform init".
+# Manual edits may be lost in future updates.
+
+provider "registry.terraform.io/digitalocean/digitalocean" {
+  version     = "2.11.0"
+  constraints = "2.11.0"
+  hashes = [
+    "h1:/qAnTOSP5KeZkF7wqLai34SKAs7aefulcUA3I8R7rRg=",
+    "h1:PbXtjUfvxwmkycJ0Y9Dyn66Arrpk5L8/P381SXMx2O0=",
+    "h1:lXLX9tmuxV7azTHd0xB0FAVrxyfBtotIz5LEJp8YUk0=",
+    "zh:2191adc79bdfdb3b733e0619e4f391ae91c1631c5dafda42dab561d943651fa4",
+    "zh:21a4f67e42dcdc10fbd7f8579247594844d09a469a3a54862d565913e4d6121d",
+    "zh:557d98325fafcf2db91ea6d92f65373a48c4e995a1a7aeb57009661fee675250",
+    "zh:68c0238cafc37433627e288fcd2c7e14f4f0afdd50b4f265d8d1f1addab6f19f",
+    "zh:7e6d69720734455eb1c69880f049650276089b7fa09085e130d224abaeec887a",
+    "zh:95bd93a696ec050c1cb5e724498fd12b1d69760d01e97c869be3252025691434",
+    "zh:b1b075049e33aa08c032f41a497351c9894f16287a4449032d8b805bc6dcb596",
+    "zh:ba91aa853372c828f808c09dbab2a5bc9493a7cf93210d1487f9637b2cac8ca4",
+    "zh:bc43d27dfe014266697c2ac259f4311300391aa6aa7c5d23e382fe296df938d5",
+    "zh:d3a04d2c76bfc1f46a117b1af7870a97353319ee8f924a37fe77861519f59525",
+    "zh:d3da997c05a653df6cabb912c6c05ceb6bf77219b699f04daf44fd795c81c6ed",
+    "zh:edd0659021b6634acf0f581d1be1985a81fcd1182e3ccb43de6eac6c43be9ab4",
+    "zh:f588ace57b6c35d509ecaa7136e6a8049d227b0674104a1f958359b84862d8e3",
+    "zh:f894ed195a3b9ebbfa1ba7c5d71be06df3a96d783ff064d22dd693ace34d638e",
+    "zh:fb6b0d4b111fafdcb3bb9a7dbab88e2110a6ce6324de64ecf62933ee8b651ccf",
+  ]
+}
+
+provider "registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/random" {
+  version = "3.1.0"
+  hashes = [
+    "h1:BZMEPucF+pbu9gsPk0G0BHx7YP04+tKdq2MrRDF1EDM=",
+    "h1:EPIax4Ftp2SNdB9pUfoSjxoueDoLc/Ck3EUoeX0Dvsg=",
+    "h1:rKYu5ZUbXwrLG1w81k7H3nce/Ys6yAxXhWcbtk36HjY=",
+    "zh:2bbb3339f0643b5daa07480ef4397bd23a79963cc364cdfbb4e86354cb7725bc",
+    "zh:3cd456047805bf639fbf2c761b1848880ea703a054f76db51852008b11008626",
+    "zh:4f251b0eda5bb5e3dc26ea4400dba200018213654b69b4a5f96abee815b4f5ff",
+    "zh:7011332745ea061e517fe1319bd6c75054a314155cb2c1199a5b01fe1889a7e2",
+    "zh:738ed82858317ccc246691c8b85995bc125ac3b4143043219bd0437adc56c992",
+    "zh:7dbe52fac7bb21227acd7529b487511c91f4107db9cc4414f50d04ffc3cab427",
+    "zh:a3a9251fb15f93e4cfc1789800fc2d7414bbc18944ad4c5c98f466e6477c42bc",
+    "zh:a543ec1a3a8c20635cf374110bd2f87c07374cf2c50617eee2c669b3ceeeaa9f",
+    "zh:d9ab41d556a48bd7059f0810cf020500635bfc696c9fc3adab5ea8915c1d886b",
+    "zh:d9e13427a7d011dbd654e591b0337e6074eef8c3b9bb11b2e39eaaf257044fd7",
+    "zh:f7605bd1437752114baf601bdf6931debe6dc6bfe3006eb7e9bb9080931dca8a",
+  ]
+}
+
+provider "registry.terraform.io/hashicorp/template" {
+  version = "2.2.0"
+  hashes = [
+    "h1:0wlehNaxBX7GJQnPfQwTNvvAf38Jm0Nv7ssKGMaG6Og=",
+    "h1:94qn780bi1qjrbC3uQtjJh3Wkfwd5+tTtJHOb7KTg9w=",
+    "h1:LN84cu+BZpVRvYlCzrbPfCRDaIelSyEx/W9Iwwgbnn4=",
+    "zh:01702196f0a0492ec07917db7aaa595843d8f171dc195f4c988d2ffca2a06386",
+    "zh:09aae3da826ba3d7df69efeb25d146a1de0d03e951d35019a0f80e4f58c89b53",
+    "zh:09ba83c0625b6fe0a954da6fbd0c355ac0b7f07f86c91a2a97849140fea49603",
+    "zh:0e3a6c8e16f17f19010accd0844187d524580d9fdb0731f675ffcf4afba03d16",
+    "zh:45f2c594b6f2f34ea663704cc72048b212fe7d16fb4cfd959365fa997228a776",
+    "zh:77ea3e5a0446784d77114b5e851c970a3dde1e08fa6de38210b8385d7605d451",
+    "zh:8a154388f3708e3df5a69122a23bdfaf760a523788a5081976b3d5616f7d30ae",
+    "zh:992843002f2db5a11e626b3fc23dc0c87ad3729b3b3cff08e32ffb3df97edbde",
+    "zh:ad906f4cebd3ec5e43d5cd6dc8f4c5c9cc3b33d2243c89c5fc18f97f7277b51d",
+    "zh:c979425ddb256511137ecd093e23283234da0154b7fa8b21c2687182d9aea8b2",
+  ]
+}

docs/bootstrap/digitalocean-terraform/README.md

@@ -27,10 +27,20 @@
 ```
 droplet_ip = 178.128.39.201
 gateway_url = https://faasd.example.com/
-login_cmd = faas-cli login -g https://faasd.example.com/ -p rvIU49CEcFcHmqxj
+```
+
+8) View the output for sensitive data via `terraform output` command
+
+```bash
+terraform output login_cmd
+login_cmd = faas-cli login -g http://178.128.39.201:8080/ -p rvIU49CEcFcHmqxj
+
+terraform output password
 password = rvIU49CEcFcHmqxj
 ```
-8) Use your browser to access the OpenFaaS interface
+
+
+9) Use your browser to access the OpenFaaS interface
 
 Note that the user-data may take a couple of minutes to come up since it will be pulling in various components and preparing the machine. 
 Also take into consideration the DNS propagation time for the new DNS record.

docs/bootstrap/digitalocean-terraform/cloud-config.tpl

@@ -1,57 +1,9 @@
-#cloud-config
-ssh_authorized_keys:
-  - ${ssh_key}
+#! /bin/bash
 
-groups:
-  - caddy
+mkdir -p /var/lib/faasd/secrets/
+echo ${gw_password} > /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password
 
-users:
-  - name: caddy
-    gecos: Caddy web server
-    primary_group: caddy
-    groups: caddy
-    shell: /usr/sbin/nologin
-    homedir: /var/lib/caddy
+export FAASD_DOMAIN=${faasd_domain_name}
+export LETSENCRYPT_EMAIL=${letsencrypt_email}
 
-write_files:
-- content: |
-    {
-      email ${letsencrypt_email}
-    }
-
-    ${faasd_domain_name} {
-      reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:8080
-    }
-
-  path: /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
-
-package_update: true
-
-packages:
- - runc
-
-runcmd:
-- curl -sLSf https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.3.5/containerd-1.3.5-linux-amd64.tar.gz > /tmp/containerd.tar.gz && tar -xvf /tmp/containerd.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin/ --strip-components=1
-- curl -SLfs https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/v1.3.5/containerd.service | tee /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
-- systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start containerd
-- /sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1
-- mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
-- curl -sSL https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.5/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.5.tgz | tar -xz -C /opt/cni/bin
-- mkdir -p /go/src/github.com/openfaas/
-- mkdir -p /var/lib/faasd/secrets/
-- echo ${gw_password} > /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-password
-- echo admin > /var/lib/faasd/secrets/basic-auth-user
-- cd /go/src/github.com/openfaas/ && git clone --depth 1 --branch 0.10.0 https://github.com/openfaas/faasd
-- curl -fSLs "https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/releases/download/0.10.0/faasd" --output "/usr/local/bin/faasd" && chmod a+x "/usr/local/bin/faasd"
-- cd /go/src/github.com/openfaas/faasd/ && /usr/local/bin/faasd install
-- systemctl status -l containerd --no-pager
-- journalctl -u faasd-provider --no-pager
-- systemctl status -l faasd-provider --no-pager
-- systemctl status -l faasd --no-pager
-- curl -sSLf https://cli.openfaas.com | sh
-- sleep 5 && journalctl -u faasd --no-pager
-- wget https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases/download/v2.1.1/caddy_2.1.1_linux_amd64.tar.gz -O /tmp/caddy.tar.gz && tar -zxvf /tmp/caddy.tar.gz -C /usr/bin/ caddy
-- wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/caddyserver/dist/master/init/caddy.service -O /etc/systemd/system/caddy.service
-- systemctl daemon-reload
-- systemctl enable caddy
-- systemctl start caddy
+curl -sfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/openfaas/faasd/master/hack/install.sh | bash -s -

docs/bootstrap/digitalocean-terraform/main.tf

@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 terraform {
-  required_version = ">= 0.12"
+  required_version = ">= 1.0.4"
+  required_providers {
+    digitalocean = {
+      source  = "digitalocean/digitalocean"
+      version = "2.11.0"
+    }
+  }
 }
 
 variable "do_token" {
@@ -10,7 +16,7 @@ variable "do_domain" {
 }
 variable "do_subdomain" {
   description = "Your public subdomain"
-  default = "faasd"
+  default     = "faasd"
 }
 variable "letsencrypt_email" {
   description = "Email used to order a certificate from Letsencrypt"
@@ -32,41 +38,44 @@ provider "digitalocean" {
   token = var.do_token
 }
 
-data "local_file" "ssh_key"{
-  filename = pathexpand(var.ssh_key_file)
-}
-
 resource "random_password" "password" {
-  length = 16
-  special = true
+  length           = 16
+  special          = true
   override_special = "_-#"
 }
 
 data "template_file" "cloud_init" {
-  template = "${file("cloud-config.tpl")}"
-    vars = {
-      gw_password=random_password.password.result,
-      ssh_key=data.local_file.ssh_key.content,
-      faasd_domain_name="${var.do_subdomain}.${var.do_domain}"
-      letsencrypt_email=var.letsencrypt_email
-    }
+  template = file("cloud-config.tpl")
+  vars = {
+    gw_password       = random_password.password.result,
+    faasd_domain_name = "${var.do_subdomain}.${var.do_domain}"
+    letsencrypt_email = var.letsencrypt_email
+  }
+}
+
+resource "digitalocean_ssh_key" "faasd_ssh_key" {
+  name       = "ssh-key"
+  public_key = file(var.ssh_key_file)
 }
 
 resource "digitalocean_droplet" "faasd" {
-  region = var.do_region
-  image  = "ubuntu-18-04-x64"
-  name   = "faasd"
-  size = "s-1vcpu-1gb"
+  region    = var.do_region
+  image     = "ubuntu-18-04-x64"
+  name      = "faasd"
+  size      = "s-1vcpu-1gb"
   user_data = data.template_file.cloud_init.rendered
+  ssh_keys = [
+    digitalocean_ssh_key.faasd_ssh_key.id
+  ]
 }
 
 resource "digitalocean_record" "faasd" {
   domain = var.do_domain
   type   = "A"
-  name   = "faasd"
+  name   = var.do_subdomain
   value  = digitalocean_droplet.faasd.ipv4_address
   # Only creates record if do_create_record is true
-  count  = var.do_create_record == true ? 1 : 0
+  count = var.do_create_record == true ? 1 : 0
 }
 
 output "droplet_ip" {
@@ -78,9 +87,11 @@ output "gateway_url" {
 }
 
 output "password" {
-    value = random_password.password.result
+  value     = random_password.password.result
+  sensitive = true
 }
 
 output "login_cmd" {
-  value = "faas-cli login -g https://${var.do_subdomain}.${var.do_domain}/ -p ${random_password.password.result}"
+  value     = "faas-cli login -g https://${var.do_subdomain}.${var.do_domain}/ -p ${random_password.password.result}"
+  sensitive = true
 }

docs/bootstrap/main.tf

@@ -1,56 +0,0 @@
-terraform {
-  required_version = ">= 0.12"
-}
-
-variable "do_token" {}
-
-variable "ssh_key_file" {
-  default     = "~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
-  description = "Path to the SSH public key file"
-}
-
-provider "digitalocean" {
-  token = var.do_token	
-}
-
-resource "random_password" "password" {
-  length = 16
-  special = true
-  override_special = "_-#"
-}
-
-data "local_file" "ssh_key"{
-  filename = pathexpand(var.ssh_key_file)
-}
-
-data "template_file" "cloud_init" {
-  template = "${file("cloud-config.tpl")}"
-    vars = {
-      gw_password=random_password.password.result,
-      ssh_key=data.local_file.ssh_key.content,
-    }
-}
-
-resource "digitalocean_droplet" "faasd" {
-
-  region = "lon1"
-  image  = "ubuntu-18-04-x64"
-  name   = "faasd"
-  # Plans: https://developers.digitalocean.com/documentation/changelog/api-v2/new-size-slugs-for-droplet-plan-changes/
-  #size   = "512mb"
-  size = "s-1vcpu-1gb"
-  user_data = data.template_file.cloud_init.rendered
-}
-
-output "password" {
-    value = random_password.password.result
-}
-
-output "gateway_url" {
-  value = "http://${digitalocean_droplet.faasd.ipv4_address}:8080/"
-}
-
-output "login_cmd" {
-  value = "faas-cli login -g http://${digitalocean_droplet.faasd.ipv4_address}:8080/ -p ${random_password.password.result}"
-}
-

go.mod

@@ -1,50 +1,101 @@
 module github.com/openfaas/faasd
 
-go 1.15
+go 1.22
 
 require (
-	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.7-0.20190820203702-9e921883ac92 // indirect
-	github.com/alexellis/go-execute v0.0.0-20200124154445-8697e4e28c5e
-	github.com/alexellis/k3sup v0.0.0-20200607084134-629c0bc6b50f
+	github.com/alexellis/arkade v0.0.0-20240320084407-6cf4a641c415
 	github.com/compose-spec/compose-go v0.0.0-20200528042322-36d8ce368e05
-	github.com/containerd/cgroups v0.0.0-20201119153540-4cbc285b3327 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.3.2
-	github.com/containerd/continuity v0.0.0-20190815185530-f2a389ac0a02 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/fifo v0.0.0-20190816180239-bda0ff6ed73c // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/go-cni v0.0.0-20200107172653-c154a49e2c75
-	github.com/containerd/ttrpc v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/containerd/typeurl v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/containerd v1.7.22
+	github.com/containerd/go-cni v1.1.9
 	github.com/coreos/go-systemd v0.0.0-20191104093116-d3cd4ed1dbcf
-	github.com/docker/cli v0.0.0-20191105005515-99c5edceb48d
-	github.com/docker/distribution v2.7.1-0.20190205005809-0d3efadf0154+incompatible
-	github.com/docker/docker v17.12.0-ce-rc1.0.20191113042239-ea84732a7725+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.6.3 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/go-events v0.0.0-20170721190031-9461782956ad // indirect
-	github.com/gogo/googleapis v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20191027212112-611e8accdfc9 // indirect
-	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.0
-	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.9 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/cli v24.0.7+incompatible
+	github.com/docker/distribution v2.8.3+incompatible
+	github.com/docker/docker v24.0.7+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0
+	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1
 	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0
-	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0-rc1.0.20180430190053-c9281466c8b2 // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/runc v1.0.0-rc9 // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.0.2
-	github.com/openfaas/faas v0.0.0-20201205125747-9bbb25e3c7c4
-	github.com/openfaas/faas-provider v0.16.2
+	github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec v1.1.0
+	github.com/openfaas/faas-provider v0.25.3
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/sethvargo/go-password v0.1.3
-	github.com/spf13/cobra v0.0.5
+	github.com/sethvargo/go-password v0.2.0
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.8.0
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5
-	github.com/syndtr/gocapability v0.0.0-20180916011248-d98352740cb2 // indirect
-	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.1.0
-	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.0-20191106174202-0a2b9b5464df
-	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb // indirect
-	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.3.5 // indirect
-	go.opencensus.io v0.22.2 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20191209160850-c0dbc17a3553 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200202164722-d101bd2416d5
-	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20191216205247-b31c10ee225f // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.23.0 // indirect
-	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.18.9
+	github.com/vishvananda/netlink v1.2.1-beta.2
+	github.com/vishvananda/netns v0.0.4
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.19.0
+	k8s.io/apimachinery v0.29.3
+)
+
+require (
+	github.com/alexellis/go-execute/v2 v2.2.1
+	github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0
+)
+
+require (
+	github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers v0.0.0-20230811130428-ced1acdcaa24 // indirect
+	github.com/AdamKorcz/go-118-fuzz-build v0.0.0-20230306123547-8075edf89bb0 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
+	github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.11.7 // indirect
+	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/cgroups v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/containerd/api v1.7.19 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/continuity v0.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/errdefs v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/fifo v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/platforms v0.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/ttrpc v1.2.5 // indirect
+	github.com/containerd/typeurl/v2 v2.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/containernetworking/cni v1.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/docker-credential-helpers v0.8.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-events v0.0.0-20190806004212-e31b211e4f1c // indirect
+	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.3 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20210331224755-41bb18bfe9da // indirect
+	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/uuid v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/imdario/mergo v0.3.14 // indirect
+	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.4 // indirect
+	github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-shellwords v1.0.12 // indirect
+	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/locker v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/mountinfo v0.6.2 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/sequential v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/signal v0.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/user v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/userns v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/selinux v1.11.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.19.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.51.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.13.0 // indirect
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect
+	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb // indirect
+	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonreference v0.0.0-20180127040603-bd5ef7bd5415 // indirect
+	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0 // indirect
+	go.opencensus.io v0.24.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.45.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.21.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.21.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.21.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/net v0.24.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.6.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/text v0.14.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.19.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto v0.0.0-20231211222908-989df2bf70f3 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20231212172506-995d672761c0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.59.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.33.0 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/inf.v0 v0.9.1 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
+	gotest.tools/v3 v3.0.3 // indirect
 )

go.sum

@@ -1,361 +1,405 @@
 cloud.google.com/go v0.26.0/go.mod h1:aQUYkXzVsufM+DwF1aE+0xfcU+56JwCaLick0ClmMTw=
-github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1 h1:WXkYYl6Yr3qBf1K79EBnL4mak0OimBfB0XUf9Vl28OQ=
+github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers v0.0.0-20230811130428-ced1acdcaa24 h1:bvDV9vkmnHYOMsOr4WLk+Vo07yKIzd94sVoIqshQ4bU=
+github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers v0.0.0-20230811130428-ced1acdcaa24/go.mod h1:8o94RPi1/7XTJvwPpRSzSUedZrtlirdB3r9Z20bi2f8=
+github.com/AdamKorcz/go-118-fuzz-build v0.0.0-20230306123547-8075edf89bb0 h1:59MxjQVfjXsBpLy+dbd2/ELV5ofnUkUZBvWSC85sheA=
+github.com/AdamKorcz/go-118-fuzz-build v0.0.0-20230306123547-8075edf89bb0/go.mod h1:OahwfttHWG6eJ0clwcfBAHoDI6X/LV/15hx/wlMZSrU=
 github.com/BurntSushi/toml v0.3.1/go.mod h1:xHWCNGjB5oqiDr8zfno3MHue2Ht5sIBksp03qcyfWMU=
-github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.14 h1:+hMXMk01us9KgxGb7ftKQt2Xpf5hH/yky+TDA+qxleU=
-github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.4.14/go.mod h1:qXqCSQ3Xa7+6tgxaGTIe4Kpcdsi+P8jBhyzoq1bpyYA=
-github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.7-0.20190820203702-9e921883ac92 h1:LbNLS5KKzW/L4K2scH5rzTA5MvRWiUfcWv4Qh/6D3wY=
-github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.8.7-0.20190820203702-9e921883ac92/go.mod h1:nvUXb1s75kCTKHWZ1FGlut+PBI9D9EoQHCKcil2Cyps=
-github.com/NYTimes/gziphandler v0.0.0-20170623195520-56545f4a5d46/go.mod h1:3wb06e3pkSAbeQ52E9H9iFoQsEEwGN64994WTCIhntQ=
-github.com/PuerkitoBio/purell v1.0.0/go.mod h1:c11w/QuzBsJSee3cPx9rAFu61PvFxuPbtSwDGJws/X0=
-github.com/PuerkitoBio/urlesc v0.0.0-20160726150825-5bd2802263f2/go.mod h1:uGdkoq3SwY9Y+13GIhn11/XLaGBb4BfwItxLd5jeuXE=
-github.com/alexellis/go-execute v0.0.0-20191207085904-961405ea7544/go.mod h1:zfRbgnPVxXCSpiKrg1CE72hNUWInqxExiaz2D9ppTts=
-github.com/alexellis/go-execute v0.0.0-20200124154445-8697e4e28c5e h1:0cv4CUENL7e67/ZlNrvExWqa6oKH/9iv0KQn0/+hYaY=
-github.com/alexellis/go-execute v0.0.0-20200124154445-8697e4e28c5e/go.mod h1:zfRbgnPVxXCSpiKrg1CE72hNUWInqxExiaz2D9ppTts=
-github.com/alexellis/k3sup v0.0.0-20200607084134-629c0bc6b50f h1:GYVsHjM9/lyu0QBfNp1RThZNDrmRJncpSYtaektq9t0=
-github.com/alexellis/k3sup v0.0.0-20200607084134-629c0bc6b50f/go.mod h1:slULyLX94hIIP3/eVeZqQAqOwpLYK9Pljr8SfaR2nWI=
-github.com/armon/consul-api v0.0.0-20180202201655-eb2c6b5be1b6/go.mod h1:grANhF5doyWs3UAsr3K4I6qtAmlQcZDesFNEHPZAzj8=
-github.com/blang/semver v3.1.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:kRBLl5iJ+tD4TcOOxsy/0fnwebNt5EWlYSAyrTnjyyk=
-github.com/cilium/ebpf v0.2.0/go.mod h1:To2CFviqOWL/M0gIMsvSMlqe7em/l1ALkX1PyjrX2Qs=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 h1:F2VQgta7ecxGYO8k3ZZz3RS8fVIXVxONVUPlNERoyfY=
+github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2/go.mod h1:yd8OoFMLzJbo9gZq8j5qaps8bJ9aShtEA8Ipt1oGCvU=
+github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.11.5 h1:haEcLNpj9Ka1gd3B3tAEs9CpE0c+1IhoL59w/exYU38=
+github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.11.5/go.mod h1:MV8xMfmECjl5HdO7U/3/hFVnkmSBjAjmA09d4bExKcU=
+github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.11.7 h1:vl/nj3Bar/CvJSYo7gIQPyRWc9f3c6IeSNavBTSZNZQ=
+github.com/Microsoft/hcsshim v0.11.7/go.mod h1:MV8xMfmECjl5HdO7U/3/hFVnkmSBjAjmA09d4bExKcU=
+github.com/alexellis/arkade v0.0.0-20240320084407-6cf4a641c415 h1:mLD1eSfXbmXcwKMP1AsFl01G2U16aC9E22Tcjehyyrw=
+github.com/alexellis/arkade v0.0.0-20240320084407-6cf4a641c415/go.mod h1:3sT9Gq9WUFG9Wwz9dFbRRc/2L3yepsA4p272aG2DR6w=
+github.com/alexellis/go-execute/v2 v2.2.1 h1:4Ye3jiCKQarstODOEmqDSRCqxMHLkC92Bhse743RdOI=
+github.com/alexellis/go-execute/v2 v2.2.1/go.mod h1:FMdRnUTiFAmYXcv23txrp3VYZfLo24nMpiIneWgKHTQ=
+github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
+github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
+github.com/census-instrumentation/opencensus-proto v0.2.1/go.mod h1:f6KPmirojxKA12rnyqOA5BBL4O983OfeGPqjHWSTneU=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0 h1:DC2CZ1Ep5Y4k3ZQ899DldepgrayRUGE6BBZ/cd9Cj44=
+github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.2.0/go.mod h1:VGX0DQ3Q6kWi7AoAeZDth3/j3BFtOZR5XLFGgcrjCOs=
+github.com/chzyer/logex v1.1.10/go.mod h1:+Ywpsq7O8HXn0nuIou7OrIPyXbp3wmkHB+jjWRnGsAI=
+github.com/chzyer/readline v0.0.0-20180603132655-2972be24d48e/go.mod h1:nSuG5e5PlCu98SY8svDHJxuZscDgtXS6KTTbou5AhLI=
+github.com/chzyer/test v0.0.0-20180213035817-a1ea475d72b1/go.mod h1:Q3SI9o4m/ZMnBNeIyt5eFwwo7qiLfzFZmjNmxjkiQlU=
 github.com/client9/misspell v0.3.4/go.mod h1:qj6jICC3Q7zFZvVWo7KLAzC3yx5G7kyvSDkc90ppPyw=
+github.com/cncf/udpa/go v0.0.0-20191209042840-269d4d468f6f/go.mod h1:M8M6+tZqaGXZJjfX53e64911xZQV5JYwmTeXPW+k8Sc=
 github.com/compose-spec/compose-go v0.0.0-20200528042322-36d8ce368e05 h1:3CoRXflT4IAdIpsFTqZBlLuHOkHYhBvW0iijkQKm4QY=
 github.com/compose-spec/compose-go v0.0.0-20200528042322-36d8ce368e05/go.mod h1:y75QUr1jcR5aFNf3Tj3dhwnujABGz6UaRrZ5qZwF1cc=
-github.com/containerd/cgroups v0.0.0-20201119153540-4cbc285b3327 h1:7grrpcfCtbZLsjtB0DgMuzs1umsJmpzaHMZ6cO6iAWw=
-github.com/containerd/cgroups v0.0.0-20201119153540-4cbc285b3327/go.mod h1:ZJeTFisyysqgcCdecO57Dj79RfL0LNeGiFUqLYQRYLE=
-github.com/containerd/console v0.0.0-20180822173158-c12b1e7919c1/go.mod h1:Tj/on1eG8kiEhd0+fhSDzsPAFESxzBBvdyEgyryXffw=
-github.com/containerd/containerd v0.0.0-20190214164719-faec567304bb/go.mod h1:bC6axHOhabU15QhwfG7w5PipXdVtMXFTttgp+kVtyUA=
-github.com/containerd/containerd v1.3.2 h1:ForxmXkA6tPIvffbrDAcPUIB32QgXkt2XFj+F0UxetA=
-github.com/containerd/containerd v1.3.2/go.mod h1:bC6axHOhabU15QhwfG7w5PipXdVtMXFTttgp+kVtyUA=
-github.com/containerd/continuity v0.0.0-20190426062206-aaeac12a7ffc/go.mod h1:GL3xCUCBDV3CZiTSEKksMWbLE66hEyuu9qyDOOqM47Y=
-github.com/containerd/continuity v0.0.0-20190815185530-f2a389ac0a02 h1:tN9D97v5A5QuKdcKHKt+UMKrkQ5YXUnD8iM7IAAjEfI=
-github.com/containerd/continuity v0.0.0-20190815185530-f2a389ac0a02/go.mod h1:GL3xCUCBDV3CZiTSEKksMWbLE66hEyuu9qyDOOqM47Y=
-github.com/containerd/fifo v0.0.0-20190226154929-a9fb20d87448/go.mod h1:ODA38xgv3Kuk8dQz2ZQXpnv/UZZUHUCL7pnLehbXgQI=
-github.com/containerd/fifo v0.0.0-20190816180239-bda0ff6ed73c h1:KFbqHhDeaHM7IfFtXHfUHMDaUStpM2YwBR+iJCIOsKk=
-github.com/containerd/fifo v0.0.0-20190816180239-bda0ff6ed73c/go.mod h1:ODA38xgv3Kuk8dQz2ZQXpnv/UZZUHUCL7pnLehbXgQI=
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hack/build-containerd-arm64.sh

@@ -1,12 +1,16 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
-export ARCH="armv6l"
-echo "Downloading Go"
+# See pre-reqs:
+# https://github.com/alexellis/containerd-arm
 
-curl -SLsf https://dl.google.com/go/go1.13.15.linux-$ARCH.tar.gz --output /tmp/go.tgz
-sudo rm -rf /usr/local/go/
-sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/go/
-sudo tar -xvf /tmp/go.tgz -C /usr/local/go/ --strip-components=1
+export ARCH="arm64"
+
+if [ ! -d "/usr/local/go/bin" ]; then
+    curl -sLS https://get.arkade.dev | sudo sh
+    sudo -E arkade system install go
+else
+    echo "Go already present, skipping."
+fi
 
 export GOPATH=$HOME/go/
 export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin/
@@ -21,7 +25,7 @@ git clone https://github.com/containerd/containerd
 
 cd containerd
 git fetch origin --tags
-git checkout v1.3.2
+git checkout v1.7.22
 
 make
 sudo make install

hack/build-containerd.sh

@@ -1,12 +1,17 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
-export ARCH="amd64"
-echo "Downloading Go"
 
-curl -SLsf https://dl.google.com/go/go1.12.14.linux-$ARCH.tar.gz --output /tmp/go.tgz
-sudo rm -rf /usr/local/go/
-sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/go/
-sudo tar -xvf /tmp/go.tgz -C /usr/local/go/ --strip-components=1
+# See pre-reqs:
+# https://github.com/alexellis/containerd-arm
+
+export ARCH="arm64"
+
+if [ ! -d "/usr/local/go/bin" ]; then
+    curl -sLS https://get.arkade.dev | sudo sh
+    sudo -E arkade system install go
+else
+    echo "Go already present, skipping."
+fi
 
 export GOPATH=$HOME/go/
 export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin/
@@ -21,7 +26,7 @@ git clone https://github.com/containerd/containerd
 
 cd containerd
 git fetch origin --tags
-git checkout v1.3.2
+git checkout v1.7.22
 
 make
 sudo make install

hack/faasd-provider.service

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ Description=faasd-provider
 MemoryLimit=500M
 Environment="secret_mount_path={{.SecretMountPath}}"
 Environment="basic_auth=true"
+Environment="hosts_dir=/var/lib/faasd"
 ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/faasd provider
 Restart=on-failure
 RestartSec=10s

hack/install.sh

@@ -1,14 +1,24 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 
-# Copyright OpenFaaS Author(s) 2020
+# Copyright OpenFaaS Author(s) 2022
 
-#########################
-# Repo specific content #
-#########################
+set -e -x -o pipefail
 
 export OWNER="openfaas"
 export REPO="faasd"
 
+# On CentOS /usr/local/bin is not included in the PATH when using sudo. 
+# Running arkade with sudo on CentOS requires the full path
+# to the arkade binary. 
+export ARKADE=/usr/local/bin/arkade
+
+# When running as a startup script (cloud-init), the HOME variable is not always set.
+# As it is required for arkade to properly download tools, 
+# set the variable to /usr/local so arkade will download binaries to /usr/local/.arkade
+if [ -z "${HOME}" ]; then
+  export HOME=/usr/local
+fi
+
 version=""
 
 echo "Finding latest version from GitHub"
@@ -26,6 +36,12 @@ if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then
 fi
 
 verify_system() {
+
+  arch=$(uname -m)
+  if [ "$arch" == "armv7l" ]; then
+    fatal 'faasd requires a 64-bit Operating System, see: https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/issues/364'
+  fi
+
   if ! [ -d /run/systemd ]; then
     fatal 'Can not find systemd to use as a process supervisor for faasd'
   fi
@@ -39,64 +55,48 @@ has_apt_get() {
   [ -n "$(command -v apt-get)" ]
 }
 
+has_pacman() {
+  [ -n "$(command -v pacman)" ]
+}
+
 install_required_packages() {
   if $(has_apt_get); then
+    # Debian bullseye is missing iptables. Added to required packages
+    # to get it working in raspberry pi. No such known issues in
+    # other distros. Hence, adding only to this block.
+    # reference: https://github.com/openfaas/faasd/pull/237
     $SUDO apt-get update -y
-    $SUDO apt-get install -y curl runc bridge-utils
+    $SUDO apt-get install -y curl runc bridge-utils iptables
   elif $(has_yum); then
     $SUDO yum check-update -y
-    $SUDO yum install -y curl runc
+    $SUDO yum install -y curl runc iptables-services
+  elif $(has_pacman); then
+    $SUDO pacman -Syy
+    $SUDO pacman -Sy curl runc bridge-utils
   else
-    fatal "Could not find apt-get or yum. Cannot install dependencies on this OS."
+    fatal "Could not find apt-get, yum, or pacman. Cannot install dependencies on this OS."
     exit 1
   fi
 }
 
-install_cni_plugins() {
-  cni_version=v0.8.5
-  suffix=""
-  arch=$(uname -m)
-  case $arch in
-  x86_64 | amd64)
-    suffix=amd64
-    ;;
-  aarch64)
-    suffix=arm64
-    ;;
-  arm*)
-    suffix=arm
-    ;;
-  *)
-    fatal "Unsupported architecture $arch"
-    ;;
-  esac
+install_arkade(){
+  curl -sLS https://get.arkade.dev | $SUDO sh
+  arkade --help
+}
 
-  $SUDO mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
-  curl -sSL https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/${cni_version}/cni-plugins-linux-${suffix}-${cni_version}.tgz | $SUDO tar -xvz -C /opt/cni/bin
+install_cni_plugins() {
+  cni_version=v0.9.1
+  $SUDO $ARKADE system install cni --version ${cni_version} --path /opt/cni/bin --progress=false
 }
 
 install_containerd() {
-  arch=$(uname -m)
-  case $arch in
-  x86_64 | amd64)
-    curl -sLSf https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.3.7/containerd-1.3.7-linux-amd64.tar.gz | $SUDO tar -xvz --strip-components=1 -C /usr/local/bin/
-    ;;
-  armv7l)
-    curl -sSL https://github.com/alexellis/containerd-arm/releases/download/v1.3.5/containerd-1.3.5-linux-armhf.tar.gz | $SUDO tar -xvz --strip-components=1 -C /usr/local/bin/
-    ;;
-  aarch64)
-    curl -sSL https://github.com/alexellis/containerd-arm/releases/download/v1.3.5/containerd-1.3.5-linux-arm64.tar.gz | $SUDO tar -xvz --strip-components=1 -C /usr/local/bin/
-    ;;
-  *)
-    fatal "Unsupported architecture $arch"
-    ;;
-  esac
-
+  CONTAINERD_VER=1.7.22
   $SUDO systemctl unmask containerd || :
-  $SUDO curl -SLfs https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/v1.3.5/containerd.service --output /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service
-  $SUDO systemctl enable containerd
-  $SUDO systemctl start containerd
 
+  arch=$(uname -m)
+
+  $SUDO $ARKADE system install containerd --systemd --version v${CONTAINERD_VER}  --progress=false
+  
   sleep 5
 }
 
@@ -109,9 +109,6 @@ install_faasd() {
   aarch64)
     suffix=-arm64
     ;;
-  armv7l)
-    suffix=-armhf
-    ;;
   *)
     echo "Unsupported architecture $arch"
     exit 1
@@ -133,24 +130,12 @@ install_faasd() {
 
 install_caddy() {
   if [ ! -z "${FAASD_DOMAIN}" ]; then
-    arch=$(uname -m)
-    case $arch in
-    x86_64 | amd64)
-      suffix="amd64"
-      ;;
-    aarch64)
-      suffix=-arm64
-      ;;
-    armv7l)
-      suffix=-armv7
-      ;;
-    *)
-      echo "Unsupported architecture $arch"
-      exit 1
-      ;;
-    esac
+    CADDY_VER=v2.4.3
+    arkade get --progress=false caddy -v ${CADDY_VER}
+    
+    # /usr/bin/caddy is specified in the upstream service file.
+    $SUDO install -m 755 $HOME/.arkade/bin/caddy /usr/bin/caddy
 
-    curl -sSL "https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases/download/v2.2.1/caddy_2.2.1_linux_${suffix}.tar.gz" | $SUDO tar -xvz -C /usr/bin/ caddy
     $SUDO curl -fSLs https://raw.githubusercontent.com/caddyserver/dist/master/init/caddy.service --output /etc/systemd/system/caddy.service
 
     $SUDO mkdir -p /etc/caddy
@@ -183,15 +168,17 @@ EOF
 }
 
 install_faas_cli() {
-  curl -sLS https://cli.openfaas.com | $SUDO sh
+  arkade get --progress=false faas-cli
+  $SUDO install -m 755 $HOME/.arkade/bin/faas-cli /usr/local/bin/
 }
 
 verify_system
 install_required_packages
 
-/sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1
+$SUDO /sbin/sysctl -w net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1
 echo "net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding=1" | $SUDO tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
 
+install_arkade
 install_cni_plugins
 install_containerd
 install_faas_cli

main.go

@@ -7,14 +7,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/cmd"
 )
 
-// These values will be injected into these variables at the build time.
-var (
-	// GitCommit Git Commit SHA
-	GitCommit string
-	// Version version of the CLI
-	Version string
-)
-
 func main() {
 
 	if _, ok := os.LookupEnv("CONTAINER_ID"); ok {
@@ -31,7 +23,7 @@ func main() {
 		os.Exit(0)
 	}
 
-	if err := cmd.Execute(Version, GitCommit); err != nil {
+	if err := cmd.Execute(); err != nil {
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
 	return

pkg/cninetwork/cni_network.go

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 package cninetwork
 
 import (
+	"bufio"
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
 	gocni "github.com/containerd/go-cni"
@@ -19,21 +20,31 @@ import (
 const (
 	// CNIBinDir describes the directory where the CNI binaries are stored
 	CNIBinDir = "/opt/cni/bin"
+
 	// CNIConfDir describes the directory where the CNI plugin's configuration is stored
 	CNIConfDir = "/etc/cni/net.d"
+
 	// NetNSPathFmt gives the path to the a process network namespace, given the pid
 	NetNSPathFmt = "/proc/%d/ns/net"
-	// CNIResultsDir is the directory CNI stores allocated IP for containers
-	CNIResultsDir = "/var/lib/cni/results"
+
+	// CNIDataDir is the directory CNI stores allocated IP for containers
+	CNIDataDir = "/var/run/cni"
+
 	// defaultCNIConfFilename is the vanity filename of default CNI configuration file
 	defaultCNIConfFilename = "10-openfaas.conflist"
+
 	// defaultNetworkName names the "docker-bridge"-like CNI plugin-chain installed when no other CNI configuration is present.
 	// This value appears in iptables comments created by CNI.
 	defaultNetworkName = "openfaas-cni-bridge"
+
 	// defaultBridgeName is the default bridge device name used in the defaultCNIConf
 	defaultBridgeName = "openfaas0"
+
 	// defaultSubnet is the default subnet used in the defaultCNIConf -- this value is set to not collide with common container networking subnets:
 	defaultSubnet = "10.62.0.0/16"
+
+	// defaultIfPrefix is the interface name to be created in the container
+	defaultIfPrefix = "eth"
 )
 
 // defaultCNIConf is a CNI configuration that enables network access to containers (docker-bridge style)
@@ -50,6 +61,7 @@ var defaultCNIConf = fmt.Sprintf(`
         "ipam": {
             "type": "host-local",
             "subnet": "%s",
+            "dataDir": "%s",
             "routes": [
                 { "dst": "0.0.0.0/0" }
             ]
@@ -60,7 +72,7 @@ var defaultCNIConf = fmt.Sprintf(`
       }
     ]
 }
-`, defaultNetworkName, defaultBridgeName, defaultSubnet)
+`, defaultNetworkName, defaultBridgeName, defaultSubnet, CNIDataDir)
 
 // InitNetwork writes configlist file and initializes CNI network
 func InitNetwork() (gocni.CNI, error) {
@@ -73,13 +85,16 @@ func InitNetwork() (gocni.CNI, error) {
 	}
 
 	netConfig := path.Join(CNIConfDir, defaultCNIConfFilename)
-	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(netConfig, []byte(defaultCNIConf), 644); err != nil {
+	if err := os.WriteFile(netConfig, []byte(defaultCNIConf), 644); err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot write network config: %s", defaultCNIConfFilename)
-
 	}
+
 	// Initialize CNI library
-	cni, err := gocni.New(gocni.WithPluginConfDir(CNIConfDir),
-		gocni.WithPluginDir([]string{CNIBinDir}))
+	cni, err := gocni.New(
+		gocni.WithPluginConfDir(CNIConfDir),
+		gocni.WithPluginDir([]string{CNIBinDir}),
+		gocni.WithInterfacePrefix(defaultIfPrefix),
+	)
 
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error initializing cni: %s", err)
@@ -131,43 +146,61 @@ func DeleteCNINetwork(ctx context.Context, cni gocni.CNI, client *containerd.Cli
 	return errors.Wrapf(containerErr, "Unable to find container: %s, error: %s", name, containerErr)
 }
 
-// GetIPAddress returns the IP address of the created container
-func GetIPAddress(result *gocni.CNIResult, task containerd.Task) (net.IP, error) {
-	// Get the IP of the created interface
-	var ip net.IP
-	for ifName, config := range result.Interfaces {
-		if config.Sandbox == netNamespace(task) {
-			for _, ipConfig := range config.IPConfigs {
-				if ifName != "lo" && ipConfig.IP.To4() != nil {
-					ip = ipConfig.IP
-				}
-			}
+// GetIPAddress returns the IP address from container based on container name and PID
+func GetIPAddress(container string, PID uint32) (string, error) {
+	CNIDir := path.Join(CNIDataDir, defaultNetworkName)
+
+	files, err := os.ReadDir(CNIDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to read CNI dir for container %s: %v", container, err)
+	}
+
+	for _, file := range files {
+		// each fileName is an IP address
+		fileName := file.Name()
+
+		resultsFile := filepath.Join(CNIDir, fileName)
+		found, err := isCNIResultForPID(resultsFile, container, PID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+
+		if found {
+			return fileName, nil
 		}
 	}
-	if ip == nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to get IP address for: %s", task.ID())
-	}
-	return ip, nil
+
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("unable to get IP address for container: %s", container)
 }
 
-func GetIPfromPID(pid int) (*net.IP, error) {
-	// https://github.com/weaveworks/weave/blob/master/net/netdev.go
+// isCNIResultForPID confirms if the CNI result file contains the
+// process name, PID and interface name
+//
+// Example:
+//
+// /var/run/cni/openfaas-cni-bridge/10.62.0.2
+//
+// nats-621
+// eth1
+func isCNIResultForPID(fileName, container string, PID uint32) (bool, error) {
+	found := false
 
-	peerIDs, err := ConnectedToBridgeVethPeerIds(defaultBridgeName)
+	f, err := os.Open(fileName)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to find peers on: %s %s", defaultBridgeName, err)
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to open CNI IP file for %s: %v", fileName, err)
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	reader := bufio.NewReader(f)
+	processLine, _ := reader.ReadString('\n')
+	if strings.Contains(processLine, fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", container, PID)) {
+		ethNameLine, _ := reader.ReadString('\n')
+		if strings.Contains(ethNameLine, defaultIfPrefix) {
+			found = true
+		}
 	}
 
-	addrs, addrsErr := GetNetDevsByVethPeerIds(pid, peerIDs)
-	if addrsErr != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to find address for veth pair using: %v %s", peerIDs, addrsErr)
-	}
-
-	if len(addrs) > 0 && len(addrs[0].CIDRs) > 0 {
-		return &addrs[0].CIDRs[0].IP, nil
-	}
-
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("no IP found for function")
+	return found, nil
 }
 
 // CNIGateway returns the gateway for default subnet

pkg/cninetwork/cni_network_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package cninetwork
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func Test_isCNIResultForPID_Found(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `nats-621
+eth1`
+	fileName := `10.62.0.2`
+	container := "nats"
+	PID := uint32(621)
+	fullPath := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), fileName)
+
+	err := os.WriteFile(fullPath, []byte(body), 0700)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf(err.Error())
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		os.Remove(fullPath)
+	}()
+
+	got, err := isCNIResultForPID(fullPath, container, PID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf(err.Error())
+	}
+
+	want := true
+	if got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("want %v, but got %v", want, got)
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_isCNIResultForPID_NoMatch(t *testing.T) {
+	body := `nats-621
+eth1`
+	fileName := `10.62.0.3`
+	container := "gateway"
+	PID := uint32(621)
+	fullPath := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), fileName)
+
+	err := os.WriteFile(fullPath, []byte(body), 0700)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf(err.Error())
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		os.Remove(fullPath)
+	}()
+
+	got, err := isCNIResultForPID(fullPath, container, PID)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf(err.Error())
+	}
+
+	want := false
+	if got != want {
+		t.Fatalf("want %v, but got %v", want, got)
+	}
+}

pkg/cninetwork/weave.go

@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright Weaveworks
-// github.com/weaveworks/weave/net
-
-package cninetwork
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
-	"github.com/vishvananda/netns"
-)
-
-type Dev struct {
-	Name  string           `json:"Name,omitempty"`
-	MAC   net.HardwareAddr `json:"MAC,omitempty"`
-	CIDRs []*net.IPNet     `json:"CIDRs,omitempty"`
-}
-
-// ConnectedToBridgeVethPeerIds returns peer indexes of veth links connected to
-// the given bridge. The peer index is used to query from a container netns
-// whether the container is connected to the bridge.
-func ConnectedToBridgeVethPeerIds(bridgeName string) ([]int, error) {
-	var ids []int
-
-	br, err := netlink.LinkByName(bridgeName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	links, err := netlink.LinkList()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	for _, link := range links {
-		if _, isveth := link.(*netlink.Veth); isveth && link.Attrs().MasterIndex == br.Attrs().Index {
-			peerID := link.Attrs().ParentIndex
-			if peerID == 0 {
-				// perhaps running on an older kernel where ParentIndex doesn't work.
-				// as fall-back, assume the peers are consecutive
-				peerID = link.Attrs().Index - 1
-			}
-			ids = append(ids, peerID)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return ids, nil
-}
-
-// Lookup the weave interface of a container
-func GetWeaveNetDevs(processID int) ([]Dev, error) {
-	peerIDs, err := ConnectedToBridgeVethPeerIds("weave")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return GetNetDevsByVethPeerIds(processID, peerIDs)
-}
-
-func GetNetDevsByVethPeerIds(processID int, peerIDs []int) ([]Dev, error) {
-	// Bail out if this container is running in the root namespace
-	netnsRoot, err := netns.GetFromPid(1)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to open root namespace: %s", err)
-	}
-	defer netnsRoot.Close()
-	netnsContainer, err := netns.GetFromPid(processID)
-	if err != nil {
-		// Unable to find a namespace for this process - just return nothing
-		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			return nil, nil
-		}
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unable to open process %d namespace: %s", processID, err)
-	}
-	defer netnsContainer.Close()
-	if netnsRoot.Equal(netnsContainer) {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-
-	// convert list of peerIDs into a map for faster lookup
-	indexes := make(map[int]struct{})
-	for _, id := range peerIDs {
-		indexes[id] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	var netdevs []Dev
-	err = WithNetNS(netnsContainer, func() error {
-		links, err := netlink.LinkList()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-
-		for _, link := range links {
-			if _, found := indexes[link.Attrs().Index]; found {
-				netdev, err := linkToNetDev(link)
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				netdevs = append(netdevs, netdev)
-			}
-		}
-		return nil
-	})
-
-	return netdevs, err
-}
-
-// Get the weave bridge interface.
-// NB: Should be called from the root network namespace.
-func GetBridgeNetDev(bridgeName string) (Dev, error) {
-	link, err := netlink.LinkByName(bridgeName)
-	if err != nil {
-		return Dev{}, err
-	}
-
-	return linkToNetDev(link)
-}

pkg/cninetwork/weave_darwin.go

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-// +build darwin
-
-package cninetwork
-
-import "github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
-
-func linkToNetDev(link netlink.Link) (Dev, error) {
-
-	return Dev{}, nil
-}

pkg/cninetwork/weave_linux.go

@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-// +build linux
-
-package cninetwork
-
-import "github.com/vishvananda/netlink"
-
-func linkToNetDev(link netlink.Link) (Dev, error) {
-
-	addrs, err := netlink.AddrList(link, netlink.FAMILY_V4)
-	if err != nil {
-		return Dev{}, err
-	}
-
-	netDev := Dev{Name: link.Attrs().Name, MAC: link.Attrs().HardwareAddr}
-	for _, addr := range addrs {
-		netDev.CIDRs = append(netDev.CIDRs, addr.IPNet)
-	}
-	return netDev, nil
-}

pkg/connectivity.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package pkg
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// ConnectivityCheck checks if the controller can reach the
+// public Internet via HTTPS.
+// A license is required to use OpenFaaS CE for Commercial Use.
+func ConnectivityCheck() error {
+	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "https://checkip.amazonaws.com", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", fmt.Sprintf("openfaas-ce/%s faas-netes", Version))
+
+	res, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if req.Body != nil {
+		defer req.Body.Close()
+	}
+
+	if res.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		var body []byte
+		if res.Body != nil {
+			body, _ = io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+		}
+
+		return fmt.Errorf("unexpected status code checking connectivity: %d, body: %s", res.StatusCode, strings.TrimSpace(string(body)))
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

pkg/constants.go

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 package pkg
 
 const (
-	// FunctionNamespace is the default containerd namespace functions are created
-	FunctionNamespace = "openfaas-fn"
+	// DefaultFunctionNamespace is the default containerd namespace functions are created
+	DefaultFunctionNamespace = "openfaas-fn"
 
-	// faasdNamespace is the containerd namespace services are created
-	faasdNamespace = "openfaas"
+	// NamespaceLabel indicates that a namespace is managed by faasd
+	NamespaceLabel = "openfaas"
+
+	// FaasdNamespace is the containerd namespace services are created
+	FaasdNamespace = "openfaas"
 
 	faasServicesPullAlways = false
 

pkg/local_resolver.go

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package pkg
 
 import (
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ func (l *LocalResolver) rebuild() {
 	l.Mutex.Lock()
 	defer l.Mutex.Unlock()
 
-	fileData, fileErr := ioutil.ReadFile(l.Path)
+	fileData, fileErr := os.ReadFile(l.Path)
 	if fileErr != nil {
 		log.Printf("resolver rebuild error: %s", fileErr.Error())
 		return

pkg/logs/requestor.go

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ func buildCmd(ctx context.Context, req logs.Request) *exec.Cmd {
 
 	namespace := req.Namespace
 	if namespace == "" {
-		namespace = faasd.FunctionNamespace
+		namespace = faasd.DefaultFunctionNamespace
 	}
 
 	// find the description of the fields here

pkg/provider/config/read.go

@@ -20,9 +20,11 @@ func ReadFromEnv(hasEnv types.HasEnv) (*types.FaaSConfig, *ProviderConfig, error
 
 	serviceTimeout := types.ParseIntOrDurationValue(hasEnv.Getenv("service_timeout"), time.Second*60)
 
-	config.EnableHealth = true
 	config.ReadTimeout = serviceTimeout
 	config.WriteTimeout = serviceTimeout
+	config.EnableBasicAuth = true
+	config.MaxIdleConns = types.ParseIntValue(hasEnv.Getenv("max_idle_conns"), 1024)
+	config.MaxIdleConnsPerHost = types.ParseIntValue(hasEnv.Getenv("max_idle_conns_per_host"), 1024)
 
 	port := types.ParseIntValue(hasEnv.Getenv("port"), 8081)
 	config.TCPPort = &port

pkg/provider/handlers/delete.go

@@ -4,16 +4,16 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io"
 	"log"
 	"net/http"
 
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/namespaces"
 	gocni "github.com/containerd/go-cni"
-	"github.com/openfaas/faas/gateway/requests"
 
-	faasd "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
 	cninetwork "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/cninetwork"
 	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/service"
 )
@@ -29,29 +29,45 @@ func MakeDeleteHandler(client *containerd.Client, cni gocni.CNI) func(w http.Res
 
 		defer r.Body.Close()
 
-		body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
-		log.Printf("[Delete] request: %s\n", string(body))
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
 
-		req := requests.DeleteFunctionRequest{}
-		err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("[Delete] error parsing input: %s\n", err)
+		req := types.DeleteFunctionRequest{}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("[Delete] error parsing input: %s", err)
 			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
 
 			return
 		}
 
+		// namespace moved from the querystring into the body
+		namespace := req.Namespace
+		if namespace == "" {
+			namespace = pkg.DefaultFunctionNamespace
+		}
+
+		// Check if namespace exists, and it has the openfaas label
+		valid, err := validNamespace(client.NamespaceService(), namespace)
+		if err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
+		if !valid {
+			http.Error(w, "namespace not valid", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
 		name := req.FunctionName
 
-		function, err := GetFunction(client, name)
+		function, err := GetFunction(client, name, namespace)
 		if err != nil {
-			msg := fmt.Sprintf("service %s not found", name)
+			msg := fmt.Sprintf("function %s.%s not found", name, namespace)
 			log.Printf("[Delete] %s\n", msg)
 			http.Error(w, msg, http.StatusNotFound)
 			return
 		}
 
-		ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), faasd.FunctionNamespace)
+		ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), namespace)
 
 		// TODO: this needs to still happen if the task is paused
 		if function.replicas != 0 {
@@ -61,13 +77,12 @@ func MakeDeleteHandler(client *containerd.Client, cni gocni.CNI) func(w http.Res
 			}
 		}
 
-		containerErr := service.Remove(ctx, client, name)
-		if containerErr != nil {
-			log.Printf("[Delete] error removing %s, %s\n", name, containerErr)
-			http.Error(w, containerErr.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		if err := service.Remove(ctx, client, name); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("[Delete] error removing %s, %s\n", name, err)
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
 			return
 		}
 
-		log.Printf("[Delete] deleted %s\n", name)
+		log.Printf("[Delete] Removed: %s.%s\n", name, namespace)
 	}
 }

pkg/provider/handlers/deploy.go

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io"
 	"log"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
@@ -17,10 +17,9 @@ import (
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/namespaces"
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/oci"
 	gocni "github.com/containerd/go-cni"
-	"github.com/docker/distribution/reference"
+	"github.com/distribution/reference"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
 	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
-	faasd "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
 	cninetwork "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/cninetwork"
 	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/service"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
@@ -29,8 +28,8 @@ import (
 
 const annotationLabelPrefix = "com.openfaas.annotations."
 
+// MakeDeployHandler returns a handler to deploy a function
 func MakeDeployHandler(client *containerd.Client, cni gocni.CNI, secretMountPath string, alwaysPull bool) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 		if r.Body == nil {
@@ -40,30 +39,51 @@ func MakeDeployHandler(client *containerd.Client, cni gocni.CNI, secretMountPath
 
 		defer r.Body.Close()
 
-		body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
-		log.Printf("[Deploy] request: %s\n", string(body))
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
 
 		req := types.FunctionDeployment{}
 		err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("[Deploy] - error parsing input: %s\n", err)
+			log.Printf("[Deploy] - error parsing input: %s", err)
 			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
 
 			return
 		}
 
-		err = validateSecrets(secretMountPath, req.Secrets)
+		namespace := getRequestNamespace(req.Namespace)
+
+		// Check if namespace exists, and it has the openfaas label
+		valid, err := validNamespace(client.NamespaceService(), namespace)
+
 		if err != nil {
 			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
+		if !valid {
+			http.Error(w, "namespace not valid", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
+		namespaceSecretMountPath := getNamespaceSecretMountPath(secretMountPath, namespace)
+		err = validateSecrets(namespaceSecretMountPath, req.Secrets)
+		if err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
 		}
 
 		name := req.Service
-		ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), faasd.FunctionNamespace)
+		ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), namespace)
 
-		deployErr := deploy(ctx, req, client, cni, secretMountPath, alwaysPull)
-		if deployErr != nil {
-			log.Printf("[Deploy] error deploying %s, error: %s\n", name, deployErr)
-			http.Error(w, deployErr.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		if err := preDeploy(client, 1); err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			log.Printf("[Deploy] error deploying %s, error: %s\n", name, err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		if err := deploy(ctx, req, client, cni, namespaceSecretMountPath, alwaysPull); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("[Deploy] error deploying %s, error: %s\n", name, err)
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
 			return
 		}
 	}
@@ -110,7 +130,7 @@ func deploy(ctx context.Context, req types.FunctionDeployment, client *container
 	}
 
 	envs := prepareEnv(req.EnvProcess, req.EnvVars)
-	mounts := getMounts()
+	mounts := getOSMounts()
 
 	for _, secret := range req.Secrets {
 		mounts = append(mounts, specs.Mount{
@@ -125,7 +145,7 @@ func deploy(ctx context.Context, req types.FunctionDeployment, client *container
 
 	labels, err := buildLabels(&req)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Unable to apply labels to conatiner: %s, error: %s", name, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to apply labels to container: %s, error: %w", name, err)
 	}
 
 	var memory *specs.LinuxMemory
@@ -147,6 +167,7 @@ func deploy(ctx context.Context, req types.FunctionDeployment, client *container
 		containerd.WithSnapshotter(snapshotter),
 		containerd.WithNewSnapshot(name+"-snapshot", image),
 		containerd.WithNewSpec(oci.WithImageConfig(image),
+			oci.WithHostname(name),
 			oci.WithCapabilities([]string{"CAP_NET_RAW"}),
 			oci.WithMounts(mounts),
 			oci.WithEnv(envs),
@@ -155,15 +176,34 @@ func deploy(ctx context.Context, req types.FunctionDeployment, client *container
 	)
 
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create container: %s, error: %s", name, err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create container: %s, error: %w", name, err)
 	}
 
-	return createTask(ctx, client, container, cni)
+	return createTask(ctx, container, cni)
 
 }
 
+// countFunctions returns the number of functions deployed along with a map with a count
+// in each namespace
+func countFunctions(client *containerd.Client) (int64, int64, error) {
+	count := int64(0)
+	namespaceCount := int64(0)
+
+	namespaces := ListNamespaces(client)
+
+	for _, namespace := range namespaces {
+		fns, err := ListFunctions(client, namespace)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, 0, err
+		}
+		namespaceCount++
+		count += int64(len(fns))
+	}
+
+	return count, namespaceCount, nil
+}
+
 func buildLabels(request *types.FunctionDeployment) (map[string]string, error) {
-	// Adapted from faas-swarm/handlers/deploy.go:buildLabels
 	labels := map[string]string{}
 
 	if request.Labels != nil {
@@ -186,34 +226,34 @@ func buildLabels(request *types.FunctionDeployment) (map[string]string, error) {
 	return labels, nil
 }
 
-func createTask(ctx context.Context, client *containerd.Client, container containerd.Container, cni gocni.CNI) error {
+func createTask(ctx context.Context, container containerd.Container, cni gocni.CNI) error {
 
 	name := container.ID()
 
 	task, taskErr := container.NewTask(ctx, cio.BinaryIO("/usr/local/bin/faasd", nil))
 
 	if taskErr != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("unable to start task: %s, error: %s", name, taskErr)
+		return fmt.Errorf("unable to start task: %s, error: %w", name, taskErr)
 	}
 
 	log.Printf("Container ID: %s\tTask ID %s:\tTask PID: %d\t\n", name, task.ID(), task.Pid())
 
 	labels := map[string]string{}
-	network, err := cninetwork.CreateCNINetwork(ctx, cni, task, labels)
+	_, err := cninetwork.CreateCNINetwork(ctx, cni, task, labels)
 
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	ip, err := cninetwork.GetIPAddress(network, task)
+	ip, err := cninetwork.GetIPAddress(name, task.Pid())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	log.Printf("%s has IP: %s.\n", name, ip.String())
 
-	_, waitErr := task.Wait(ctx)
-	if waitErr != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(waitErr, "Unable to wait for task to start: %s", name)
+	log.Printf("%s has IP: %s.\n", name, ip)
+
+	if _, err := task.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
+		return errors.Wrapf(err, "Unable to wait for task to start: %s", name)
 	}
 
 	if startErr := task.Start(ctx); startErr != nil {
@@ -244,20 +284,28 @@ func prepareEnv(envProcess string, reqEnvVars map[string]string) []string {
 	return envs
 }
 
-func getMounts() []specs.Mount {
-	wd, _ := os.Getwd()
+// getOSMounts provides a mount for os-specific files such
+// as the hosts file and resolv.conf
+func getOSMounts() []specs.Mount {
+	// Prior to hosts_dir env-var, this value was set to
+	// os.Getwd()
+	hostsDir := "/var/lib/faasd"
+	if v, ok := os.LookupEnv("hosts_dir"); ok && len(v) > 0 {
+		hostsDir = v
+	}
+
 	mounts := []specs.Mount{}
 	mounts = append(mounts, specs.Mount{
 		Destination: "/etc/resolv.conf",
 		Type:        "bind",
-		Source:      path.Join(wd, "resolv.conf"),
+		Source:      path.Join(hostsDir, "resolv.conf"),
 		Options:     []string{"rbind", "ro"},
 	})
 
 	mounts = append(mounts, specs.Mount{
 		Destination: "/etc/hosts",
 		Type:        "bind",
-		Source:      path.Join(wd, "hosts"),
+		Source:      path.Join(hostsDir, "hosts"),
 		Options:     []string{"rbind", "ro"},
 	})
 	return mounts
@@ -289,3 +337,17 @@ func withMemory(mem *specs.LinuxMemory) oci.SpecOpts {
 		return nil
 	}
 }
+
+func preDeploy(client *containerd.Client, additional int64) error {
+	count, countNs, err := countFunctions(client)
+	log.Printf("Function count: %d, Namespace count: %d\n", count, countNs)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else if count+additional > faasdMaxFunctions {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the OpenFaaS CE EULA allows %d/%d function(s), upgrade to faasd Pro to continue", faasdMaxFunctions, count+additional)
+	} else if countNs > faasdMaxNs {
+		return fmt.Errorf("the OpenFaaS CE EULA allows %d/%d namespace(s), upgrade to faasd Pro to continue", faasdMaxNs, countNs)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/deploy_test.go

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func Test_BuildLabels_WithAnnotations(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 
 			if !reflect.DeepEqual(val, tc.result) {
-				t.Errorf("Got: %s, expected %s", val, tc.result)
+				t.Errorf("Want: %s, got: %s", val, tc.result)
 			}
 		})
 	}

pkg/provider/handlers/function_get.go

@@ -3,62 +3,24 @@ package handlers
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
 	"log"
 	"strings"
 
+	"github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
+
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/namespaces"
 	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/cninetwork"
-
-	faasd "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
 )
 
-type Function struct {
-	name        string
-	namespace   string
-	image       string
-	pid         uint32
-	replicas    int
-	IP          string
-	labels      map[string]string
-	annotations map[string]string
-	secrets     []string
-	envVars     map[string]string
-	envProcess  string
-}
-
-// ListFunctions returns a map of all functions with running tasks on namespace
-func ListFunctions(client *containerd.Client) (map[string]*Function, error) {
-	ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), faasd.FunctionNamespace)
-	functions := make(map[string]*Function)
-
-	containers, err := client.Containers(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return functions, err
-	}
-
-	for _, c := range containers {
-		name := c.ID()
-		f, err := GetFunction(client, name)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("error getting function %s: ", name)
-			return functions, err
-		}
-		functions[name] = &f
-	}
-
-	return functions, nil
-}
-
 // GetFunction returns a function that matches name
-func GetFunction(client *containerd.Client, name string) (Function, error) {
-	ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), faasd.FunctionNamespace)
+func GetFunction(client *containerd.Client, name string, namespace string) (Function, error) {
+	ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), namespace)
 	fn := Function{}
 
 	c, err := client.LoadContainer(ctx, name)
 	if err != nil {
-		return Function{}, fmt.Errorf("unable to find function: %s, error %s", name, err)
+		return Function{}, fmt.Errorf("unable to find function: %s, error %w", name, err)
 	}
 
 	image, err := c.Image(ctx)
@@ -70,27 +32,34 @@ func GetFunction(client *containerd.Client, name string) (Function, error) {
 	allLabels, labelErr := c.Labels(ctx)
 
 	if labelErr != nil {
-		log.Printf("cannot list container %s labels: %s", containerName, labelErr.Error())
+		log.Printf("cannot list container %s labels: %s", containerName, labelErr)
 	}
 
 	labels, annotations := buildLabelsAndAnnotations(allLabels)
 
 	spec, err := c.Spec(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return Function{}, fmt.Errorf("unable to load function spec for reading secrets: %s, error %s", name, err)
+		return Function{}, fmt.Errorf("unable to load function %s error: %w", name, err)
+	}
+
+	info, err := c.Info(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Function{}, fmt.Errorf("can't load info for: %s, error %w", name, err)
 	}
 
 	envVars, envProcess := readEnvFromProcessEnv(spec.Process.Env)
 	secrets := readSecretsFromMounts(spec.Mounts)
 
 	fn.name = containerName
-	fn.namespace = faasd.FunctionNamespace
+	fn.namespace = namespace
 	fn.image = image.Name()
 	fn.labels = labels
 	fn.annotations = annotations
 	fn.secrets = secrets
 	fn.envVars = envVars
 	fn.envProcess = envProcess
+	fn.createdAt = info.CreatedAt
+	fn.memoryLimit = readMemoryLimitFromSpec(spec)
 
 	replicas := 0
 	task, err := c.Task(ctx, nil)
@@ -98,7 +67,7 @@ func GetFunction(client *containerd.Client, name string) (Function, error) {
 		// Task for container exists
 		svc, err := task.Status(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
-			return Function{}, fmt.Errorf("unable to get task status for container: %s %s", name, err)
+			return Function{}, fmt.Errorf("unable to get task status for container: %s %w", name, err)
 		}
 
 		if svc.Status == "running" {
@@ -106,11 +75,11 @@ func GetFunction(client *containerd.Client, name string) (Function, error) {
 			fn.pid = task.Pid()
 
 			// Get container IP address
-			ip, err := cninetwork.GetIPfromPID(int(task.Pid()))
+			ip, err := cninetwork.GetIPAddress(name, task.Pid())
 			if err != nil {
 				return Function{}, err
 			}
-			fn.IP = ip.String()
+			fn.IP = ip
 		}
 	} else {
 		replicas = 0
@@ -172,3 +141,10 @@ func buildLabelsAndAnnotations(ctrLabels map[string]string) (map[string]string,
 
 	return labels, annotations
 }
+
+func readMemoryLimitFromSpec(spec *specs.Spec) int64 {
+	if spec.Linux == nil || spec.Linux.Resources == nil || spec.Linux.Resources.Memory == nil || spec.Linux.Resources.Memory.Limit == nil {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return *spec.Linux.Resources.Memory.Limit
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/function_list.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"log"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd/namespaces"
+)
+
+type Function struct {
+	name        string
+	namespace   string
+	image       string
+	pid         uint32
+	replicas    int
+	IP          string
+	labels      map[string]string
+	annotations map[string]string
+	secrets     []string
+	envVars     map[string]string
+	envProcess  string
+	memoryLimit int64
+	createdAt   time.Time
+}
+
+// ListFunctions returns a map of all functions with running tasks on namespace
+func ListFunctions(client *containerd.Client, namespace string) (map[string]*Function, error) {
+
+	// Check if namespace exists, and it has the openfaas label
+	valid, err := validNamespace(client.NamespaceService(), namespace)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if !valid {
+		return nil, errors.New("namespace not valid")
+	}
+
+	ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), namespace)
+	functions := make(map[string]*Function)
+
+	containers, err := client.Containers(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return functions, err
+	}
+
+	for _, c := range containers {
+		name := c.ID()
+		f, err := GetFunction(client, name, namespace)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("skipping %s, error: %s", name, err)
+		} else {
+			functions[name] = &f
+		}
+	}
+
+	return functions, nil
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/function_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
+)
+
+func Test_BuildLabelsAndAnnotationsFromServiceSpec_Annotations(t *testing.T) {
+	container := map[string]string{
+		"qwer": "ty",
+		"dvor": "ak",
+		fmt.Sprintf("%scurrent-time", annotationLabelPrefix): "5 Nov 20:10:20 PST 1955",
+		fmt.Sprintf("%sfuture-time", annotationLabelPrefix):  "21 Oct 20:10:20 PST 2015",
+	}
+
+	labels, annotation := buildLabelsAndAnnotations(container)
+
+	if len(labels) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("want: %d labels got: %d", 2, len(labels))
+	}
+
+	if len(annotation) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("want: %d annotation got: %d", 1, len(annotation))
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := annotation["current-time"]; !ok {
+		t.Errorf("want: '%s' entry in annotation map got: key not found", "current-time")
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_SplitMountToSecrets(t *testing.T) {
+	type testCase struct {
+		Name  string
+		Input []specs.Mount
+		Want  []string
+	}
+	tests := []testCase{
+		{Name: "No matching openfaas secrets", Input: []specs.Mount{{Destination: "/foo/"}}, Want: []string{}},
+		{Name: "Nil mounts", Input: nil, Want: []string{}},
+		{Name: "No Mounts", Input: []specs.Mount{{Destination: "/foo/"}}, Want: []string{}},
+		{Name: "One Mounts IS secret", Input: []specs.Mount{{Destination: "/var/openfaas/secrets/secret1"}}, Want: []string{"secret1"}},
+		{Name: "Multiple Mounts 1 secret", Input: []specs.Mount{{Destination: "/var/openfaas/secrets/secret1"}, {Destination: "/some/other/path"}}, Want: []string{"secret1"}},
+		{Name: "Multiple Mounts all secrets", Input: []specs.Mount{{Destination: "/var/openfaas/secrets/secret1"}, {Destination: "/var/openfaas/secrets/secret2"}}, Want: []string{"secret1", "secret2"}},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := readSecretsFromMounts(tc.Input)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tc.Want) {
+				t.Fatalf("Want %s, got %s", tc.Want, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_ProcessEnvToEnvVars(t *testing.T) {
+	type testCase struct {
+		Name     string
+		Input    []string
+		Want     map[string]string
+		fprocess string
+	}
+	tests := []testCase{
+		{Name: "No matching EnvVars", Input: []string{"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "fprocess=python index.py"}, Want: make(map[string]string), fprocess: "python index.py"},
+		{Name: "No EnvVars", Input: []string{}, Want: make(map[string]string), fprocess: ""},
+		{Name: "One EnvVar", Input: []string{"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "fprocess=python index.py", "env=this"}, Want: map[string]string{"env": "this"}, fprocess: "python index.py"},
+		{Name: "Multiple EnvVars", Input: []string{"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "this=that", "env=var", "fprocess=python index.py"}, Want: map[string]string{"this": "that", "env": "var"}, fprocess: "python index.py"},
+		{Name: "Nil EnvVars", Input: nil, Want: make(map[string]string)},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got, fprocess := readEnvFromProcessEnv(tc.Input)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tc.Want) {
+				t.Fatalf("Want: %s, got: %s", tc.Want, got)
+			}
+
+			if fprocess != tc.fprocess {
+				t.Fatalf("Want fprocess: %s, got: %s", tc.fprocess, got)
+
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_findNamespace(t *testing.T) {
+	type testCase struct {
+		Name            string
+		foundNamespaces []string
+		namespace       string
+		Want            bool
+	}
+	tests := []testCase{
+		{Name: "Namespace Found", namespace: "fn", foundNamespaces: []string{"fn", "openfaas-fn"}, Want: true},
+		{Name: "namespace Not Found", namespace: "fn", foundNamespaces: []string{"openfaas-fn"}, Want: false},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := findNamespace(tc.namespace, tc.foundNamespaces)
+			if got != tc.Want {
+				t.Fatalf("Want %t, got %t", tc.Want, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_readMemoryLimitFromSpec(t *testing.T) {
+	type testCase struct {
+		Name string
+		Spec *specs.Spec
+		Want int64
+	}
+	testLimit := int64(64)
+	tests := []testCase{
+		{Name: "specs.Linux not found", Spec: &specs.Spec{Linux: nil}, Want: int64(0)},
+		{Name: "specs.LinuxResource not found", Spec: &specs.Spec{Linux: &specs.Linux{Resources: nil}}, Want: int64(0)},
+		{Name: "specs.LinuxMemory not found", Spec: &specs.Spec{Linux: &specs.Linux{Resources: &specs.LinuxResources{Memory: nil}}}, Want: int64(0)},
+		{Name: "specs.LinuxMemory.Limit not found", Spec: &specs.Spec{Linux: &specs.Linux{Resources: &specs.LinuxResources{Memory: &specs.LinuxMemory{Limit: nil}}}}, Want: int64(0)},
+		{Name: "Memory limit set as Want", Spec: &specs.Spec{Linux: &specs.Linux{Resources: &specs.LinuxResources{Memory: &specs.LinuxMemory{Limit: &testLimit}}}}, Want: int64(64)},
+	}
+	for _, tc := range tests {
+		t.Run(tc.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := readMemoryLimitFromSpec(tc.Spec)
+			if got != tc.Want {
+				t.Fatalf("Want %d, got %d", tc.Want, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/functions_test.go

@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-package handlers
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
-	"reflect"
-	"testing"
-)
-
-func Test_BuildLabelsAndAnnotationsFromServiceSpec_Annotations(t *testing.T) {
-	container := map[string]string{
-		"qwer": "ty",
-		"dvor": "ak",
-		fmt.Sprintf("%scurrent-time", annotationLabelPrefix): "5 Nov 20:10:20 PST 1955",
-		fmt.Sprintf("%sfuture-time", annotationLabelPrefix):  "21 Oct 20:10:20 PST 2015",
-	}
-
-	labels, annotation := buildLabelsAndAnnotations(container)
-
-	if len(labels) != 2 {
-		t.Errorf("want: %d labels got: %d", 2, len(labels))
-	}
-
-	if len(annotation) != 2 {
-		t.Errorf("want: %d annotation got: %d", 1, len(annotation))
-	}
-
-	if _, ok := annotation["current-time"]; !ok {
-		t.Errorf("want: '%s' entry in annotation map got: key not found", "current-time")
-	}
-}
-
-func Test_SplitMountToSecrets(t *testing.T) {
-	type test struct {
-		Name     string
-		Input    []specs.Mount
-		Expected []string
-	}
-	tests := []test{
-		{Name: "No matching openfaas secrets", Input: []specs.Mount{{Destination: "/foo/"}}, Expected: []string{}},
-		{Name: "Nil mounts", Input: nil, Expected: []string{}},
-		{Name: "No Mounts", Input: []specs.Mount{{Destination: "/foo/"}}, Expected: []string{}},
-		{Name: "One Mounts IS secret", Input: []specs.Mount{{Destination: "/var/openfaas/secrets/secret1"}}, Expected: []string{"secret1"}},
-		{Name: "Multiple Mounts 1 secret", Input: []specs.Mount{{Destination: "/var/openfaas/secrets/secret1"}, {Destination: "/some/other/path"}}, Expected: []string{"secret1"}},
-		{Name: "Multiple Mounts all secrets", Input: []specs.Mount{{Destination: "/var/openfaas/secrets/secret1"}, {Destination: "/var/openfaas/secrets/secret2"}}, Expected: []string{"secret1", "secret2"}},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		t.Run(tc.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got := readSecretsFromMounts(tc.Input)
-			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tc.Expected) {
-				t.Fatalf("expected %s, got %s", tc.Expected, got)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func Test_ProcessEnvToEnvVars(t *testing.T) {
-	type test struct {
-		Name     string
-		Input    []string
-		Expected map[string]string
-		fprocess string
-	}
-	tests := []test{
-		{Name: "No matching EnvVars", Input: []string{"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "fprocess=python index.py"}, Expected: make(map[string]string), fprocess: "python index.py"},
-		{Name: "No EnvVars", Input: []string{}, Expected: make(map[string]string), fprocess: ""},
-		{Name: "One EnvVar", Input: []string{"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "fprocess=python index.py", "env=this"}, Expected: map[string]string{"env": "this"}, fprocess: "python index.py"},
-		{Name: "Multiple EnvVars", Input: []string{"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "this=that", "env=var", "fprocess=python index.py"}, Expected: map[string]string{"this": "that", "env": "var"}, fprocess: "python index.py"},
-		{Name: "Nil EnvVars", Input: nil, Expected: make(map[string]string)},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range tests {
-		t.Run(tc.Name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			got, fprocess := readEnvFromProcessEnv(tc.Input)
-			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tc.Expected) {
-				t.Fatalf("expected: %s, got: %s", tc.Expected, got)
-			}
-
-			if fprocess != tc.fprocess {
-				t.Fatalf("expected fprocess: %s, got: %s", tc.fprocess, got)
-
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}

pkg/provider/handlers/info.go

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ const (
 	ProviderName = "faasd"
 )
 
-//MakeInfoHandler creates handler for /system/info endpoint
+// MakeInfoHandler creates handler for /system/info endpoint
 func MakeInfoHandler(version, sha string) http.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if r.Body != nil {
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ func MakeInfoHandler(version, sha string) http.HandlerFunc {
 			},
 		}
 
-		jsonOut, marshalErr := json.Marshal(infoResponse)
-		if marshalErr != nil {
+		jsonOut, err := json.Marshal(infoResponse)
+		if err != nil {
 			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
 			return
 		}
@@ -42,3 +42,6 @@ func MakeInfoHandler(version, sha string) http.HandlerFunc {
 		w.Write(jsonOut)
 	}
 }
+
+const faasdMaxFunctions = 15
+const faasdMaxNs = 1

pkg/provider/handlers/invoke_resolver.go

@@ -4,8 +4,10 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
 	"net/url"
+	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
+	faasd "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
 )
 
 const watchdogPort = 8080
@@ -19,11 +21,18 @@ func NewInvokeResolver(client *containerd.Client) *InvokeResolver {
 }
 
 func (i *InvokeResolver) Resolve(functionName string) (url.URL, error) {
-	log.Printf("Resolve: %q\n", functionName)
+	actualFunctionName := functionName
+	log.Printf("Resolve: %q\n", actualFunctionName)
 
-	function, err := GetFunction(i.client, functionName)
+	namespace := getNamespaceOrDefault(functionName, faasd.DefaultFunctionNamespace)
+
+	if strings.Contains(functionName, ".") {
+		actualFunctionName = strings.TrimSuffix(functionName, "."+namespace)
+	}
+
+	function, err := GetFunction(i.client, actualFunctionName, namespace)
 	if err != nil {
-		return url.URL{}, fmt.Errorf("%s not found", functionName)
+		return url.URL{}, fmt.Errorf("%s not found", actualFunctionName)
 	}
 
 	serviceIP := function.IP
@@ -37,3 +46,11 @@ func (i *InvokeResolver) Resolve(functionName string) (url.URL, error) {
 
 	return *urlRes, nil
 }
+
+func getNamespaceOrDefault(name, defaultNamespace string) string {
+	namespace := defaultNamespace
+	if strings.Contains(name, ".") {
+		namespace = name[strings.LastIndexAny(name, ".")+1:]
+	}
+	return namespace
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/mutate_namespaces.go

@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
+)
+
+func MakeMutateNamespace(client *containerd.Client) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.Body != nil {
+			defer r.Body.Close()
+		}
+
+		switch r.Method {
+		case http.MethodPost:
+			createNamespace(client, w, r)
+		case http.MethodGet:
+			getNamespace(client, w, r)
+		case http.MethodDelete:
+			deleteNamespace(client, w, r)
+		case http.MethodPut:
+			updateNamespace(client, w, r)
+
+		default:
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func updateNamespace(client *containerd.Client, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	req, err := parseNamespaceRequest(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), err.(*HttpError).Status)
+		return
+	}
+
+	namespaceExists, err := namespaceExists(r.Context(), client, req.Name)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !namespaceExists {
+		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("namespace %s not found", req.Name), http.StatusNotFound)
+		return
+	}
+
+	originalLabels, err := client.NamespaceService().Labels(r.Context(), req.Name)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !hasOpenFaaSLabel(originalLabels) {
+		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("namespace %s is not an openfaas namespace", req.Name), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var exclusions []string
+
+	// build exclusions
+	for key, _ := range originalLabels {
+		if _, ok := req.Labels[key]; !ok {
+			exclusions = append(exclusions, key)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Call SetLabel with empty string if label is to be removed
+	for _, key := range exclusions {
+		if err := client.NamespaceService().SetLabel(r.Context(), req.Name, key, ""); err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Now add the new labels
+	for key, value := range req.Labels {
+		if err := client.NamespaceService().SetLabel(r.Context(), req.Name, key, value); err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusAccepted)
+}
+
+func deleteNamespace(client *containerd.Client, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	req, err := parseNamespaceRequest(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), err.(*HttpError).Status)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := client.NamespaceService().Delete(r.Context(), req.Name); err != nil {
+		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "not found") {
+			http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("namespace %s not found", req.Name), http.StatusNotFound)
+			return
+		}
+
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusAccepted)
+}
+
+func namespaceExists(ctx context.Context, client *containerd.Client, name string) (bool, error) {
+	ns, err := client.NamespaceService().List(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	found := false
+	for _, namespace := range ns {
+		if namespace == name {
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	return found, nil
+}
+
+func getNamespace(client *containerd.Client, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	req, err := parseNamespaceRequest(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), err.(*HttpError).Status)
+		return
+	}
+
+	namespaceExists, err := namespaceExists(r.Context(), client, req.Name)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !namespaceExists {
+		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("namespace %s not found", req.Name), http.StatusNotFound)
+		return
+	}
+
+	labels, err := client.NamespaceService().Labels(r.Context(), req.Name)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !hasOpenFaaSLabel(labels) {
+		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("namespace %s not found", req.Name), http.StatusNotFound)
+		return
+	}
+
+	res := types.FunctionNamespace{
+		Name:   req.Name,
+		Labels: labels,
+	}
+
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(res); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Get Namespace error: %s", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func createNamespace(client *containerd.Client, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	req, err := parseNamespaceRequest(r)
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), err.(*HttpError).Status)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Check if namespace exists, and it has the openfaas label
+	namespaces, err := client.NamespaceService().List(r.Context())
+	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	found := false
+	for _, namespace := range namespaces {
+		if namespace == req.Name {
+			found = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	if found {
+		http.Error(w, fmt.Sprintf("namespace %s already exists", req.Name), http.StatusConflict)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := client.NamespaceService().Create(r.Context(), req.Name, req.Labels); err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
+}
+
+// getNamespace returns a namespace object or an error
+func parseNamespaceRequest(r *http.Request) (types.FunctionNamespace, error) {
+	var req types.FunctionNamespace
+
+	vars := mux.Vars(r)
+	namespaceInPath := vars["name"]
+
+	if r.Method == http.MethodGet {
+		if namespaceInPath == "" {
+			return req, &HttpError{
+				Err:    fmt.Errorf("namespace not specified in URL"),
+				Status: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			}
+		}
+
+		return types.FunctionNamespace{
+			Name: namespaceInPath,
+		}, nil
+	}
+
+	body, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req); err != nil {
+		return req, &HttpError{
+			Err:    fmt.Errorf("error parsing request body: %s", err.Error()),
+			Status: http.StatusBadRequest,
+		}
+	}
+
+	if r.Method != http.MethodPost {
+		if namespaceInPath == "" {
+			return req, &HttpError{
+				Err:    fmt.Errorf("namespace not specified in URL"),
+				Status: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			}
+		}
+		if req.Name != namespaceInPath {
+			return req, &HttpError{
+				Err:    fmt.Errorf("namespace in request body does not match namespace in URL"),
+				Status: http.StatusBadRequest,
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if req.Name == "" {
+		return req, &HttpError{
+			Err:    fmt.Errorf("namespace not specified in request body"),
+			Status: http.StatusBadRequest,
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ok := hasOpenFaaSLabel(req.Labels); !ok {
+		return req, &HttpError{
+			Err:    fmt.Errorf("request does not have openfaas=1 label"),
+			Status: http.StatusBadRequest,
+		}
+	}
+
+	return req, nil
+}
+
+func hasOpenFaaSLabel(labels map[string]string) bool {
+	if v, ok := labels["openfaas"]; ok && v == "1" {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+type HttpError struct {
+	Err    error
+	Status int
+}
+
+func (e *HttpError) Error() string {
+	return e.Err.Error()
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/namespaces.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
+	faasd "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
+)
+
+func MakeNamespacesLister(client *containerd.Client) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		list := ListNamespaces(client)
+		body, _ := json.Marshal(list)
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+		w.Write(body)
+	}
+}
+
+func ListNamespaces(client *containerd.Client) []string {
+	set := []string{faasd.DefaultFunctionNamespace}
+
+	store := client.NamespaceService()
+
+	namespaces, err := store.List(context.Background())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("Error listing namespaces: %s", err.Error())
+		return set
+	}
+
+	for _, namespace := range namespaces {
+		labels, err := store.Labels(context.Background(), namespace)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("Error listing label for namespace %s: %s", namespace, err.Error())
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if _, found := labels[pkg.NamespaceLabel]; found {
+			set = append(set, namespace)
+		}
+
+	}
+
+	if len(set) == 0 {
+		set = append(set, faasd.DefaultFunctionNamespace)
+	}
+
+	return set
+}
+
+func findNamespace(target string, items []string) bool {
+	for _, n := range items {
+		if n == target {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/read.go

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"log"
 	"net/http"
 
+	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/api/resource"
+
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
 	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
 )
@@ -13,10 +15,23 @@ func MakeReadHandler(client *containerd.Client) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *h
 
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
-		res := []types.FunctionStatus{}
-		fns, err := ListFunctions(client)
+		lookupNamespace := getRequestNamespace(readNamespaceFromQuery(r))
+		// Check if namespace exists, and it has the openfaas label
+		valid, err := validNamespace(client.NamespaceService(), lookupNamespace)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("[Read] error listing functions. Error: %s\n", err)
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
+		if !valid {
+			http.Error(w, "namespace not valid", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
+		res := []types.FunctionStatus{}
+		fns, err := ListFunctions(client, lookupNamespace)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Printf("[Read] error listing functions. Error: %s", err)
 			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
 			return
 		}
@@ -24,7 +39,8 @@ func MakeReadHandler(client *containerd.Client) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *h
 		for _, fn := range fns {
 			annotations := &fn.annotations
 			labels := &fn.labels
-			res = append(res, types.FunctionStatus{
+			memory := resource.NewQuantity(fn.memoryLimit, resource.BinarySI)
+			status := types.FunctionStatus{
 				Name:        fn.name,
 				Image:       fn.image,
 				Replicas:    uint64(fn.replicas),
@@ -34,13 +50,22 @@ func MakeReadHandler(client *containerd.Client) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *h
 				Secrets:     fn.secrets,
 				EnvVars:     fn.envVars,
 				EnvProcess:  fn.envProcess,
-			})
+				CreatedAt:   fn.createdAt,
+			}
+
+			// Do not remove below memory check for 0
+			// Memory limit should not be included in status until set explicitly
+			limit := &types.FunctionResources{Memory: memory.String()}
+			if limit.Memory != "0" {
+				status.Limits = limit
+			}
+
+			res = append(res, status)
 		}
 
 		body, _ := json.Marshal(res)
 		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
 		w.Write(body)
-
 	}
 }

pkg/provider/handlers/replicas.go

@@ -14,10 +14,24 @@ func MakeReplicaReaderHandler(client *containerd.Client) func(w http.ResponseWri
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		vars := mux.Vars(r)
 		functionName := vars["name"]
+		lookupNamespace := getRequestNamespace(readNamespaceFromQuery(r))
 
-		if f, err := GetFunction(client, functionName); err == nil {
+		// Check if namespace exists, and it has the openfaas label
+		valid, err := validNamespace(client.NamespaceService(), lookupNamespace)
+		if err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
+		if !valid {
+			http.Error(w, "namespace not valid", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
+		if f, err := GetFunction(client, functionName, lookupNamespace); err == nil {
 			found := types.FunctionStatus{
 				Name:              functionName,
+				Image:             f.image,
 				AvailableReplicas: uint64(f.replicas),
 				Replicas:          uint64(f.replicas),
 				Namespace:         f.namespace,
@@ -26,6 +40,7 @@ func MakeReplicaReaderHandler(client *containerd.Client) func(w http.ResponseWri
 				Secrets:           f.secrets,
 				EnvVars:           f.envVars,
 				EnvProcess:        f.envProcess,
+				CreatedAt:         f.createdAt,
 			}
 
 			functionBytes, _ := json.Marshal(found)

pkg/provider/handlers/scale.go

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io"
 	"log"
 	"net/http"
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ import (
 	gocni "github.com/containerd/go-cni"
 
 	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
-	faasd "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
 )
 
 func MakeReplicaUpdateHandler(client *containerd.Client, cni gocni.CNI) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -27,29 +27,43 @@ func MakeReplicaUpdateHandler(client *containerd.Client, cni gocni.CNI) func(w h
 
 		defer r.Body.Close()
 
-		body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
-		log.Printf("[Scale] request: %s\n", string(body))
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
 
 		req := types.ScaleServiceRequest{}
-		err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req)
-
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("[Scale] error parsing input: %s\n", err)
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req); err != nil {
+			log.Printf("[Scale] error parsing input: %s", err)
 			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
 
 			return
 		}
 
+		namespace := req.Namespace
+		if namespace == "" {
+			namespace = pkg.DefaultFunctionNamespace
+		}
+
+		// Check if namespace exists, and it has the openfaas label
+		valid, err := validNamespace(client.NamespaceService(), namespace)
+		if err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
+		if !valid {
+			http.Error(w, "namespace not valid", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
 		name := req.ServiceName
 
-		if _, err := GetFunction(client, name); err != nil {
-			msg := fmt.Sprintf("service %s not found", name)
+		if _, err := GetFunction(client, name, namespace); err != nil {
+			msg := fmt.Sprintf("function: %s.%s not found", name, namespace)
 			log.Printf("[Scale] %s\n", msg)
 			http.Error(w, msg, http.StatusNotFound)
 			return
 		}
 
-		ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), faasd.FunctionNamespace)
+		ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), namespace)
 
 		ctr, ctrErr := client.LoadContainer(ctx, name)
 		if ctrErr != nil {
@@ -118,7 +132,7 @@ func MakeReplicaUpdateHandler(client *containerd.Client, cni gocni.CNI) func(w h
 		}
 
 		if createNewTask {
-			deployErr := createTask(ctx, client, ctr, cni)
+			deployErr := createTask(ctx, ctr, cni)
 			if deployErr != nil {
 				log.Printf("[Scale] error deploying %s, error: %s\n", name, deployErr)
 				http.Error(w, deployErr.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)

pkg/provider/handlers/secret.go

@@ -3,20 +3,21 @@ package handlers
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io"
 	"log"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
 	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
+	provider "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/provider"
 )
 
 const secretFilePermission = 0644
+const secretDirPermission = 0755
 
-func MakeSecretHandler(c *containerd.Client, mountPath string) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+func MakeSecretHandler(store provider.Labeller, mountPath string) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 
 	err := os.MkdirAll(mountPath, secretFilePermission)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -30,13 +31,13 @@ func MakeSecretHandler(c *containerd.Client, mountPath string) func(w http.Respo
 
 		switch r.Method {
 		case http.MethodGet:
-			listSecrets(c, w, r, mountPath)
+			listSecrets(store, w, r, mountPath)
 		case http.MethodPost:
-			createSecret(c, w, r, mountPath)
+			createSecret(w, r, mountPath)
 		case http.MethodPut:
-			createSecret(c, w, r, mountPath)
+			createSecret(w, r, mountPath)
 		case http.MethodDelete:
-			deleteSecret(c, w, r, mountPath)
+			deleteSecret(w, r, mountPath)
 		default:
 			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
 			return
@@ -45,23 +46,46 @@ func MakeSecretHandler(c *containerd.Client, mountPath string) func(w http.Respo
 	}
 }
 
-func listSecrets(c *containerd.Client, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, mountPath string) {
-	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(mountPath)
+func listSecrets(store provider.Labeller, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, mountPath string) {
+
+	lookupNamespace := getRequestNamespace(readNamespaceFromQuery(r))
+	// Check if namespace exists, and it has the openfaas label
+	valid, err := validNamespace(store, lookupNamespace)
 	if err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if !valid {
+		http.Error(w, "namespace not valid", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	mountPath = getNamespaceSecretMountPath(mountPath, lookupNamespace)
+
+	files, err := os.ReadDir(mountPath)
+	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		bytesOut, _ := json.Marshal([]types.Secret{})
+		w.Write(bytesOut)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[Secret] Error listing secrets: %s ", err)
 		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
 		return
 	}
 
 	secrets := []types.Secret{}
 	for _, f := range files {
-		secrets = append(secrets, types.Secret{Name: f.Name()})
+		secrets = append(secrets, types.Secret{Name: f.Name(), Namespace: lookupNamespace})
 	}
 
 	bytesOut, _ := json.Marshal(secrets)
 	w.Write(bytesOut)
 }
 
-func createSecret(c *containerd.Client, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, mountPath string) {
+func createSecret(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, mountPath string) {
 	secret, err := parseSecret(r)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("[secret] error %s", err.Error())
@@ -69,7 +93,30 @@ func createSecret(c *containerd.Client, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request,
 		return
 	}
 
-	err = ioutil.WriteFile(path.Join(mountPath, secret.Name), []byte(secret.Value), secretFilePermission)
+	err = validateSecret(secret)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[secret] error %s", err.Error())
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	log.Printf("[secret] is valid: %q", secret.Name)
+	namespace := getRequestNamespace(secret.Namespace)
+	mountPath = getNamespaceSecretMountPath(mountPath, namespace)
+
+	err = os.MkdirAll(mountPath, secretDirPermission)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Printf("[secret] error %s", err.Error())
+		http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
+	data := secret.RawValue
+	if len(data) == 0 {
+		data = []byte(secret.Value)
+	}
+
+	err = os.WriteFile(path.Join(mountPath, secret.Name), data, secretFilePermission)
 
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("[secret] error %s", err.Error())
@@ -78,7 +125,7 @@ func createSecret(c *containerd.Client, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request,
 	}
 }
 
-func deleteSecret(c *containerd.Client, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, mountPath string) {
+func deleteSecret(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, mountPath string) {
 	secret, err := parseSecret(r)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Printf("[secret] error %s", err.Error())
@@ -86,6 +133,9 @@ func deleteSecret(c *containerd.Client, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request,
 		return
 	}
 
+	namespace := getRequestNamespace(readNamespaceFromQuery(r))
+	mountPath = getNamespaceSecretMountPath(mountPath, namespace)
+
 	err = os.Remove(path.Join(mountPath, secret.Name))
 
 	if err != nil {
@@ -97,7 +147,7 @@ func deleteSecret(c *containerd.Client, w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request,
 
 func parseSecret(r *http.Request) (types.Secret, error) {
 	secret := types.Secret{}
-	bytesOut, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
+	bytesOut, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
 	if err != nil {
 		return secret, err
 	}
@@ -107,10 +157,6 @@ func parseSecret(r *http.Request) (types.Secret, error) {
 		return secret, err
 	}
 
-	if isTraversal(secret.Name) {
-		return secret, fmt.Errorf(traverseErrorSt)
-	}
-
 	return secret, err
 }
 
@@ -120,3 +166,13 @@ func isTraversal(name string) bool {
 	return strings.Contains(name, fmt.Sprintf("%s", string(os.PathSeparator))) ||
 		strings.Contains(name, "..")
 }
+
+func validateSecret(secret types.Secret) error {
+	if strings.TrimSpace(secret.Name) == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("non-empty name is required")
+	}
+	if isTraversal(secret.Name) {
+		return fmt.Errorf(traverseErrorSt)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/secret_test.go

@@ -1,63 +1,252 @@
 package handlers
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
+	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
+	provider "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/provider"
 )
 
-func Test_parseSecretValidName(t *testing.T) {
+func Test_parseSecret(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name      string
+		payload   string
+		expError  string
+		expSecret types.Secret
+	}{
+		{
+			name:      "no error when name is valid without extention and with no traversal",
+			payload:   `{"name": "authorized_keys", "value": "foo"}`,
+			expSecret: types.Secret{Name: "authorized_keys", Value: "foo"},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "no error when name is valid and parses RawValue correctly",
+			payload:   `{"name": "authorized_keys", "rawValue": "YmFy"}`,
+			expSecret: types.Secret{Name: "authorized_keys", RawValue: []byte("bar")},
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "no error when name is valid with dot and with no traversal",
+			payload:   `{"name": "authorized.keys", "value": "foo"}`,
+			expSecret: types.Secret{Name: "authorized.keys", Value: "foo"},
+		},
+	}
 
-	s := types.Secret{Name: "authorized_keys"}
-	body, _ := json.Marshal(s)
-	reader := bytes.NewReader(body)
-	r := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", reader)
-	_, err := parseSecret(r)
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			reader := strings.NewReader(tc.payload)
+			r := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", reader)
+			secret, err := parseSecret(r)
+			if err != nil && tc.expError == "" {
+				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %s", err)
+				return
+			}
 
+			if tc.expError != "" {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Fatalf("expected error: %s, got nil", tc.expError)
+				}
+				if err.Error() != tc.expError {
+					t.Fatalf("expected error: %s, got: %s", tc.expError, err)
+				}
+
+				return
+			}
+
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(secret, tc.expSecret) {
+				t.Fatalf("expected secret: %+v, got: %+v", tc.expSecret, secret)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSecretCreation(t *testing.T) {
+	mountPath, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "test_secret_creation")
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("secret name is valid with no traversal characters")
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error while creating temp directory: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	defer os.RemoveAll(mountPath)
+
+	handler := MakeSecretHandler(nil, mountPath)
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name       string
+		verb       string
+		payload    string
+		status     int
+		secretPath string
+		secret     string
+		err        string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "returns error when the name contains a traversal",
+			verb:    http.MethodPost,
+			payload: `{"name": "/root/.ssh/authorized_keys", "value": "foo"}`,
+			status:  http.StatusBadRequest,
+			err:     "directory traversal found in name\n",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "returns error when the name contains a traversal",
+			verb:    http.MethodPost,
+			payload: `{"name": "..", "value": "foo"}`,
+			status:  http.StatusBadRequest,
+			err:     "directory traversal found in name\n",
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "empty request returns a validation error",
+			verb:    http.MethodPost,
+			payload: `{}`,
+			status:  http.StatusBadRequest,
+			err:     "non-empty name is required\n",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "can create secret from string",
+			verb:       http.MethodPost,
+			payload:    `{"name": "foo", "value": "bar"}`,
+			status:     http.StatusOK,
+			secretPath: "/openfaas-fn/foo",
+			secret:     "bar",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "can create secret from raw value",
+			verb:       http.MethodPost,
+			payload:    `{"name": "foo", "rawValue": "YmFy"}`,
+			status:     http.StatusOK,
+			secretPath: "/openfaas-fn/foo",
+			secret:     "bar",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "can create secret in non-default namespace from raw value",
+			verb:       http.MethodPost,
+			payload:    `{"name": "pity", "rawValue": "dGhlIGZvbw==", "namespace": "a-team"}`,
+			status:     http.StatusOK,
+			secretPath: "/a-team/pity",
+			secret:     "the foo",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			req := httptest.NewRequest(tc.verb, "http://example.com/foo", strings.NewReader(tc.payload))
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+			handler(w, req)
+
+			resp := w.Result()
+			if resp.StatusCode != tc.status {
+				t.Logf("response body: %s", w.Body.String())
+				t.Fatalf("expected status: %d, got: %d", tc.status, resp.StatusCode)
+			}
+
+			if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK && w.Body.String() != tc.err {
+				t.Fatalf("expected error message: %q, got %q", tc.err, w.Body.String())
+
+			}
+
+			if tc.secretPath != "" {
+				data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(mountPath, tc.secretPath))
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("can not read the secret from disk: %s", err)
+				}
+
+				if string(data) != tc.secret {
+					t.Fatalf("expected secret value: %s, got %s", tc.secret, string(data))
+				}
+			}
+		})
 	}
 }
 
-func Test_parseSecretValidNameWithDot(t *testing.T) {
-
-	s := types.Secret{Name: "authorized.keys"}
-	body, _ := json.Marshal(s)
-	reader := bytes.NewReader(body)
-	r := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", reader)
-	_, err := parseSecret(r)
-
+func TestListSecrets(t *testing.T) {
+	mountPath, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "test_secret_creation")
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("secret name is valid with no traversal characters")
-	}
-}
-
-func Test_parseSecretWithTraversalWithSlash(t *testing.T) {
-
-	s := types.Secret{Name: "/root/.ssh/authorized_keys"}
-	body, _ := json.Marshal(s)
-	reader := bytes.NewReader(body)
-	r := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", reader)
-	_, err := parseSecret(r)
-
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("secret name should fail due to path traversal")
-	}
-}
-
-func Test_parseSecretWithTraversalWithDoubleDot(t *testing.T) {
-
-	s := types.Secret{Name: ".."}
-	body, _ := json.Marshal(s)
-	reader := bytes.NewReader(body)
-	r := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/", reader)
-	_, err := parseSecret(r)
-
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatalf("secret name should fail due to path traversal")
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error while creating temp directory: %s", err)
+	}
+
+	defer os.RemoveAll(mountPath)
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name       string
+		verb       string
+		namespace  string
+		labels     map[string]string
+		status     int
+		secretPath string
+		secret     string
+		err        string
+		expected   []types.Secret
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "Get empty secret list for default namespace having no secret",
+			verb:       http.MethodGet,
+			status:     http.StatusOK,
+			secretPath: "/test-fn/foo",
+			secret:     "bar",
+			expected:   make([]types.Secret, 0),
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Get empty secret list for non-default namespace having no secret",
+			verb:       http.MethodGet,
+			status:     http.StatusOK,
+			secretPath: "/test-fn/foo",
+			secret:     "bar",
+			expected:   make([]types.Secret, 0),
+			namespace:  "other-ns",
+			labels: map[string]string{
+				pkg.NamespaceLabel: "true",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			labelStore := provider.NewFakeLabeller(tc.labels)
+
+			handler := MakeSecretHandler(labelStore, mountPath)
+
+			path := "http://example.com/foo"
+			if len(tc.namespace) > 0 {
+				path = path + fmt.Sprintf("?namespace=%s", tc.namespace)
+			}
+			req := httptest.NewRequest(tc.verb, path, nil)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+			handler(w, req)
+
+			resp := w.Result()
+			if resp.StatusCode != tc.status {
+				t.Fatalf("want status: %d, but got: %d", tc.status, resp.StatusCode)
+			}
+
+			if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK && w.Body.String() != tc.err {
+				t.Fatalf("want error message: %q, but got %q", tc.err, w.Body.String())
+			}
+
+			body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("can't read response of list %v", err)
+			}
+
+			var res []types.Secret
+			err = json.Unmarshal(body, &res)
+
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("unable to unmarshal %q, error: %v", string(body), err)
+			}
+
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(res, tc.expected) {
+				t.Fatalf("want response: %v, but got: %v", tc.expected, res)
+			}
+		})
 	}
 }

pkg/provider/handlers/update.go

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io"
 	"log"
 	"net/http"
 
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import (
 	gocni "github.com/containerd/go-cni"
 	"github.com/openfaas/faas-provider/types"
 
-	faasd "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
 	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/cninetwork"
 	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/service"
 )
@@ -29,33 +28,54 @@ func MakeUpdateHandler(client *containerd.Client, cni gocni.CNI, secretMountPath
 
 		defer r.Body.Close()
 
-		body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(r.Body)
-		log.Printf("[Update] request: %s\n", string(body))
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
 
 		req := types.FunctionDeployment{}
 		err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("[Update] error parsing input: %s\n", err)
+			log.Printf("[Update] error parsing input: %s", err)
 			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
 
 			return
 		}
-		name := req.Service
 
-		function, err := GetFunction(client, name)
+		name := req.Service
+		namespace := getRequestNamespace(req.Namespace)
+
+		// Check if namespace exists, and it has the openfaas label
+		valid, err := validNamespace(client.NamespaceService(), namespace)
 		if err != nil {
-			msg := fmt.Sprintf("service %s not found", name)
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
+		if !valid {
+			http.Error(w, "namespace not valid", http.StatusBadRequest)
+			return
+		}
+
+		if err := preDeploy(client, int64(0)); err != nil {
+			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+			log.Printf("[Deploy] error deploying %s, error: %s\n", name, err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		namespaceSecretMountPath := getNamespaceSecretMountPath(secretMountPath, namespace)
+
+		function, err := GetFunction(client, name, namespace)
+		if err != nil {
+			msg := fmt.Sprintf("function: %s.%s not found", name, namespace)
 			log.Printf("[Update] %s\n", msg)
 			http.Error(w, msg, http.StatusNotFound)
 			return
 		}
 
-		err = validateSecrets(secretMountPath, req.Secrets)
+		err = validateSecrets(namespaceSecretMountPath, req.Secrets)
 		if err != nil {
 			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
 		}
 
-		ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), faasd.FunctionNamespace)
+		ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), namespace)
 
 		if _, err := prepull(ctx, req, client, alwaysPull); err != nil {
 			log.Printf("[Update] error with pre-pull: %s, %s\n", name, err)
@@ -78,7 +98,7 @@ func MakeUpdateHandler(client *containerd.Client, cni gocni.CNI, secretMountPath
 		// The pull has already been done in prepull, so we can force this pull to "false"
 		pull := false
 
-		if err := deploy(ctx, req, client, cni, secretMountPath, pull); err != nil {
+		if err := deploy(ctx, req, client, cni, namespaceSecretMountPath, pull); err != nil {
 			log.Printf("[Update] error deploying %s, error: %s\n", name, err)
 			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
 			return

pkg/provider/handlers/utils.go

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"path"
+
+	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
+	faasd "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
+	provider "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/provider"
+)
+
+func getRequestNamespace(namespace string) string {
+
+	if len(namespace) > 0 {
+		return namespace
+	}
+	return faasd.DefaultFunctionNamespace
+}
+
+func readNamespaceFromQuery(r *http.Request) string {
+	q := r.URL.Query()
+	return q.Get("namespace")
+}
+
+func getNamespaceSecretMountPath(userSecretPath string, namespace string) string {
+	return path.Join(userSecretPath, namespace)
+}
+
+// validNamespace indicates whether the namespace is eligable to be
+// used for OpenFaaS functions.
+func validNamespace(store provider.Labeller, namespace string) (bool, error) {
+	if namespace == faasd.DefaultFunctionNamespace {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	labels, err := store.Labels(context.Background(), namespace)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	// check for true to keep it backward compatible
+	if value, found := labels[pkg.NamespaceLabel]; found && (value == "true" || value == "1") {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	return false, nil
+}

pkg/provider/handlers/utils_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+package handlers
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	faasd "github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg"
+)
+
+func Test_getRequestNamespace(t *testing.T) {
+	tables := []struct {
+		name              string
+		requestNamespace  string
+		expectedNamespace string
+	}{
+		{name: "RequestNamespace is not provided", requestNamespace: "", expectedNamespace: faasd.DefaultFunctionNamespace},
+		{name: "RequestNamespace is provided", requestNamespace: "user-namespace", expectedNamespace: "user-namespace"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tables {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			actualNamespace := getRequestNamespace(tc.requestNamespace)
+			if actualNamespace != tc.expectedNamespace {
+				t.Errorf("Want: %s, got: %s", actualNamespace, tc.expectedNamespace)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_getNamespaceSecretMountPath(t *testing.T) {
+	userSecretPath := "/var/openfaas/secrets"
+	tables := []struct {
+		name               string
+		requestNamespace   string
+		expectedSecretPath string
+	}{
+		{name: "Default Namespace is provided", requestNamespace: faasd.DefaultFunctionNamespace, expectedSecretPath: "/var/openfaas/secrets/" + faasd.DefaultFunctionNamespace},
+		{name: "User Namespace is provided", requestNamespace: "user-namespace", expectedSecretPath: "/var/openfaas/secrets/user-namespace"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tables {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			actualNamespace := getNamespaceSecretMountPath(userSecretPath, tc.requestNamespace)
+			if actualNamespace != tc.expectedSecretPath {
+				t.Errorf("Want: %s, got: %s", actualNamespace, tc.expectedSecretPath)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func Test_readNamespaceFromQuery(t *testing.T) {
+	tables := []struct {
+		name              string
+		queryNamespace    string
+		expectedNamespace string
+	}{
+		{name: "No Namespace is provided", queryNamespace: "", expectedNamespace: ""},
+		{name: "User Namespace is provided", queryNamespace: "user-namespace", expectedNamespace: "user-namespace"},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range tables {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+
+			url := fmt.Sprintf("/test?namespace=%s", tc.queryNamespace)
+			r := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+
+			actualNamespace := readNamespaceFromQuery(r)
+			if actualNamespace != tc.expectedNamespace {
+				t.Errorf("Want: %s, got: %s", actualNamespace, tc.expectedNamespace)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

pkg/provider/labeller.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+package provider
+
+import "context"
+
+// Labeller can return labels for a namespace from containerd.
+type Labeller interface {
+	Labels(ctx context.Context, namespace string) (map[string]string, error)
+}
+
+//
+// FakeLabeller can be used to fake labels applied on namespace to mark
+// them valid/invalid for openfaas functions
+type FakeLabeller struct {
+	labels map[string]string
+}
+
+func NewFakeLabeller(labels map[string]string) Labeller {
+	return &FakeLabeller{
+		labels: labels,
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *FakeLabeller) Labels(ctx context.Context, namespace string) (map[string]string, error) {
+	return s.labels, nil
+}

pkg/proxy.go

@@ -75,17 +75,17 @@ func (p *Proxy) Start() error {
 		// Wait for a connection.
 		conn, err := l.Accept()
 		if err != nil {
-			acceptErr := fmt.Errorf("Unable to accept on %d, error: %s",
+			log.Printf("Unable to accept on: %d, error: %s",
 				p.Port,
 				err.Error())
-			log.Printf("%s", acceptErr.Error())
-			return acceptErr
+			return err
 		}
 
 		upstream, err := net.Dial("tcp", upstreamAddr)
-
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("unable to dial to %s, error: %s", upstreamAddr, err.Error())
+			conn.Close()
+
+			log.Printf("Unable to dial: %s, error: %s", upstreamAddr, err.Error())
 			return err
 		}
 

pkg/proxy_test.go

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ package pkg
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io"
 	"log"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func Test_Proxy_ToPrivateServer(t *testing.T) {
 			time.Sleep(time.Millisecond * 100)
 		} else {
 
-			resBody, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+			resBody, _ := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
 			if string(resBody) != string(wantBody) {
 				t.Errorf("want %s, but got %s in body", string(wantBody), string(resBody))
 			}

pkg/service/service.go

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func Remove(ctx context.Context, client *containerd.Client, name string) error {
 			if errdefs.IsNotFound(err) {
 				taskFound = false
 			} else {
-				return fmt.Errorf("unable to get task %s: ", err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("unable to get task %w: ", err)
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -47,17 +47,17 @@ func Remove(ctx context.Context, client *containerd.Client, name string) error {
 
 			log.Printf("Need to kill task: %s\n", name)
 			if err = killTask(ctx, t); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("error killing task %s, %s, %s", container.ID(), name, err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("error killing task %s, %s, %w", container.ID(), name, err)
 			}
 		}
 
 		if err := container.Delete(ctx, containerd.WithSnapshotCleanup); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("error deleting container %s, %s, %s", container.ID(), name, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("error deleting container %s, %s, %w", container.ID(), name, err)
 		}
 
 	} else {
 		service := client.SnapshotService("")
-		key := name + "snapshot"
+		key := name + "-snapshot"
 		if _, err := client.SnapshotService("").Stat(ctx, key); err == nil {
 			service.Remove(ctx, key)
 		}
@@ -79,9 +79,10 @@ func killTask(ctx context.Context, task containerd.Task) error {
 		if task != nil {
 			wait, err := task.Wait(ctx)
 			if err != nil {
-				err = fmt.Errorf("error waiting on task: %s", err)
+				log.Printf("error waiting on task: %s", err)
 				return
 			}
+
 			if err := task.Kill(ctx, unix.SIGTERM, containerd.WithKillAll); err != nil {
 				log.Printf("error killing container task: %s", err)
 			}

pkg/supervisor.go

@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@ package pkg
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/alexellis/k3sup/pkg/env"
+	"github.com/alexellis/arkade/pkg/env"
 	"github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/loader"
 	compose "github.com/compose-spec/compose-go/types"
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd"
@@ -17,16 +18,19 @@ import (
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/containers"
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/oci"
 	gocni "github.com/containerd/go-cni"
+	"github.com/distribution/reference"
 	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/cninetwork"
 	"github.com/openfaas/faasd/pkg/service"
 	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 
 	"github.com/containerd/containerd/namespaces"
+	units "github.com/docker/go-units"
 	"github.com/opencontainers/runtime-spec/specs-go"
 )
 
 const (
-	workingDirectoryPermission = 0644
+	// workingDirectoryPermission user read/write/execute, group and others: read-only
+	workingDirectoryPermission = 0744
 )
 
 type Service struct {
@@ -52,8 +56,14 @@ type ServicePort struct {
 }
 
 type Mount struct {
-	Src  string
+	// Src relative to the working directory for faasd
+	Src string
+
+	// Dest is the absolute path within the container
 	Dest string
+
+	// ReadOnly when set to true indicates the mount will be set to "ro" instead of "rw"
+	ReadOnly bool
 }
 
 type Supervisor struct {
@@ -79,7 +89,7 @@ func NewSupervisor(sock string) (*Supervisor, error) {
 }
 
 func (s *Supervisor) Start(svcs []Service) error {
-	ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), faasdNamespace)
+	ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), FaasdNamespace)
 
 	wd, _ := os.Getwd()
 
@@ -91,7 +101,7 @@ func (s *Supervisor) Start(svcs []Service) error {
 127.0.0.1	localhost
 %s	faasd-provider`, gw)
 
-	writeHostsErr := ioutil.WriteFile(path.Join(wd, "hosts"),
+	writeHostsErr := os.WriteFile(path.Join(wd, "hosts"),
 		[]byte(hosts), workingDirectoryPermission)
 
 	if writeHostsErr != nil {
@@ -103,13 +113,20 @@ func (s *Supervisor) Start(svcs []Service) error {
 	for _, svc := range svcs {
 		fmt.Printf("Preparing %s with image: %s\n", svc.Name, svc.Image)
 
-		img, err := service.PrepareImage(ctx, s.client, svc.Image, defaultSnapshotter, faasServicesPullAlways)
+		r, err := reference.ParseNormalizedNamed(svc.Image)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		imgRef := reference.TagNameOnly(r).String()
+
+		img, err := service.PrepareImage(ctx, s.client, imgRef, defaultSnapshotter, faasServicesPullAlways)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 		images[svc.Name] = img
 		size, _ := img.Size(ctx)
-		fmt.Printf("Prepare done for: %s, %d bytes\n", svc.Image, size)
+		fmt.Printf("Prepare done for: %s, %s\n", svc.Image, units.HumanSize(float64(size)))
 	}
 
 	for _, svc := range svcs {
@@ -139,12 +156,41 @@ func (s *Supervisor) Start(svcs []Service) error {
 		mounts := []specs.Mount{}
 		if len(svc.Mounts) > 0 {
 			for _, mnt := range svc.Mounts {
+				var options = []string{"rbind"}
+				if mnt.ReadOnly {
+					options = append(options, "ro")
+				} else {
+					options = append(options, "rw")
+				}
+
 				mounts = append(mounts, specs.Mount{
 					Source:      mnt.Src,
 					Destination: mnt.Dest,
 					Type:        "bind",
-					Options:     []string{"rbind", "rw"},
+					Options:     options,
 				})
+
+				// Only create directories, not files.
+				// Some files don't have a suffix, such as secrets.
+				if len(path.Ext(mnt.Src)) == 0 &&
+					!strings.HasPrefix(mnt.Src, "/var/lib/faasd/secrets/") {
+					// src is already prefixed with wd from an earlier step
+					src := mnt.Src
+					fmt.Printf("Creating local directory: %s\n", src)
+					if err := os.MkdirAll(src, workingDirectoryPermission); err != nil {
+						if !errors.Is(os.ErrExist, err) {
+							fmt.Printf("Unable to create: %s, %s\n", src, err)
+						}
+					}
+					if len(svc.User) > 0 {
+						uid, err := strconv.Atoi(svc.User)
+						if err == nil {
+							if err := os.Chown(src, uid, -1); err != nil {
+								fmt.Printf("Unable to chown: %s to %d, error: %s\n", src, uid, err)
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -172,6 +218,7 @@ func (s *Supervisor) Start(svcs []Service) error {
 			containerd.WithImage(image),
 			containerd.WithNewSnapshot(svc.Name+"-snapshot", image),
 			containerd.WithNewSpec(oci.WithImageConfig(image),
+				oci.WithHostname(svc.Name),
 				withUserOrDefault(svc.User),
 				oci.WithCapabilities(svc.Caps),
 				oci.WithMounts(mounts),
@@ -180,7 +227,7 @@ func (s *Supervisor) Start(svcs []Service) error {
 		)
 
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error creating container: %s\n", err)
+			log.Printf("Error creating container: %s", err)
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -188,26 +235,26 @@ func (s *Supervisor) Start(svcs []Service) error {
 
 		task, err := newContainer.NewTask(ctx, cio.BinaryIO("/usr/local/bin/faasd", nil))
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Error creating task: %s\n", err)
+			log.Printf("Error creating task: %s", err)
 			return err
 		}
 
 		labels := map[string]string{}
-		network, err := cninetwork.CreateCNINetwork(ctx, s.cni, task, labels)
+		_, err = cninetwork.CreateCNINetwork(ctx, s.cni, task, labels)
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Printf("Error creating CNI for %s: %s", svc.Name, err)
 			return err
 		}
 
-		ip, err := cninetwork.GetIPAddress(network, task)
+		ip, err := cninetwork.GetIPAddress(svc.Name, task.Pid())
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Printf("Error getting IP for %s: %s", svc.Name, err)
 			return err
 		}
 
-		log.Printf("%s has IP: %s\n", newContainer.ID(), ip.String())
+		log.Printf("%s has IP: %s\n", newContainer.ID(), ip)
 
-		hosts, err := ioutil.ReadFile("hosts")
+		hosts, err := os.ReadFile("hosts")
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Printf("Unable to read hosts file: %s\n", err.Error())
 		}
@@ -216,12 +263,12 @@ func (s *Supervisor) Start(svcs []Service) error {
 %s	%s
 `, ip, svc.Name))
 
-		if err := ioutil.WriteFile("hosts", hosts, workingDirectoryPermission); err != nil {
+		if err := os.WriteFile("hosts", hosts, workingDirectoryPermission); err != nil {
 			log.Printf("Error writing file: %s %s\n", "hosts", err)
 		}
 
 		if _, err := task.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Task wait error: %s\n", err)
+			log.Printf("Task wait error: %s", err)
 			return err
 		}
 
@@ -229,7 +276,7 @@ func (s *Supervisor) Start(svcs []Service) error {
 		// log.Println("Exited: ", exitStatusC)
 
 		if err = task.Start(ctx); err != nil {
-			log.Printf("Task start error: %s\n", err)
+			log.Printf("Task start error: %s", err)
 			return err
 		}
 	}
@@ -242,7 +289,7 @@ func (s *Supervisor) Close() {
 }
 
 func (s *Supervisor) Remove(svcs []Service) error {
-	ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), faasdNamespace)
+	ctx := namespaces.WithNamespace(context.Background(), FaasdNamespace)
 
 	for _, svc := range svcs {
 		err := cninetwork.DeleteCNINetwork(ctx, s.cni, s.client, svc.Name)
@@ -307,8 +354,9 @@ func ParseCompose(config *compose.Config) ([]Service, error) {
 				return nil, errors.Errorf("unsupported volume mount type '%s' when parsing service '%s'", v.Type, s.Name)
 			}
 			mounts = append(mounts, Mount{
-				Src:  v.Source,
-				Dest: v.Target,
+				Src:      v.Source,
+				Dest:     v.Target,
+				ReadOnly: v.ReadOnly,
 			})
 		}
 
@@ -351,7 +399,7 @@ func LoadComposeFile(wd string, file string) (*compose.Config, error) {
 func LoadComposeFileWithArch(wd string, file string, archGetter ArchGetter) (*compose.Config, error) {
 
 	file = path.Join(wd, file)
-	b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(file)
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(file)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -403,8 +451,6 @@ func GetArchSuffix(getClientArch ArchGetter) (suffix string, err error) {
 	case "x86_64":
 		// no suffix needed
 		return "", nil
-	case "armhf", "armv7l":
-		return "-armhf", nil
 	case "arm64", "aarch64":
 		return "-arm64", nil
 	default:

pkg/supervisor_test.go

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ func equalMountSlice(t *testing.T, want, found []Mount) {
 
 	for i := range want {
 		if !reflect.DeepEqual(want[i], found[i]) {
-			t.Fatalf("unexpected value at postition %d: want %s, got %s", i, want[i], found[i])
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected value at postition %d: want %v, got %v", i, want[i], found[i])
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -210,18 +210,6 @@ func Test_GetArchSuffix(t *testing.T) {
 			foundArch: "anything_else",
 			want:      "",
 		},
-		{
-			name:      "armhf has armhf suffix",
-			foundOS:   "Linux",
-			foundArch: "armhf",
-			want:      "-armhf",
-		},
-		{
-			name:      "armv7l has armhf suffix",
-			foundOS:   "Linux",
-			foundArch: "armv7l",
-			want:      "-armhf",
-		},
 		{
 			name:      "arm64 has arm64 suffix",
 			foundOS:   "Linux",

pkg/systemd/systemd.go

@@ -2,21 +2,23 @@ package systemd
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"text/template"
 
-	execute "github.com/alexellis/go-execute/pkg/v1"
+	execute "github.com/alexellis/go-execute/v2"
 )
 
 func Enable(unit string) error {
-	task := execute.ExecTask{Command: "systemctl",
+	task := execute.ExecTask{
+		Command:     "systemctl",
 		Args:        []string{"enable", unit},
 		StreamStdio: false,
 	}
 
-	res, err := task.Execute()
+	res, err := task.Execute(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -29,12 +31,13 @@ func Enable(unit string) error {
 }
 
 func Start(unit string) error {
-	task := execute.ExecTask{Command: "systemctl",
+	task := execute.ExecTask{
+		Command:     "systemctl",
 		Args:        []string{"start", unit},
 		StreamStdio: false,
 	}
 
-	res, err := task.Execute()
+	res, err := task.Execute(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -47,12 +50,13 @@ func Start(unit string) error {
 }
 
 func DaemonReload() error {
-	task := execute.ExecTask{Command: "systemctl",
+	task := execute.ExecTask{
+		Command:     "systemctl",
 		Args:        []string{"daemon-reload"},
 		StreamStdio: false,
 	}
 
-	res, err := task.Execute()
+	res, err := task.Execute(context.Background())
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -71,23 +75,20 @@ func InstallUnit(name string, tokens map[string]string) error {
 
 	tmplName := "./hack/" + name + ".service"
 	tmpl, err := template.ParseFiles(tmplName)
-
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("error loading template %s, error %s", tmplName, err)
 	}
 
 	var tpl bytes.Buffer
 
-	err = tmpl.Execute(&tpl, tokens)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := tmpl.Execute(&tpl, tokens); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	err = writeUnit(name+".service", tpl.Bytes())
-
-	if err != nil {
+	if err := writeUnit(name+".service", tpl.Bytes()); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -96,7 +97,12 @@ func writeUnit(name string, data []byte) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+
 	defer f.Close()
-	_, err = f.Write(data)
-	return err
+
+	if _, err := f.Write(data); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
 }

pkg/version.go

@@ -1 +1,17 @@
 package pkg
+
+// These values will be injected into these variables at the build time.
+var (
+	// GitCommit Git Commit SHA
+	GitCommit string
+	// Version version of the CLI
+	Version string
+)
+
+// GetVersion get latest version
+func GetVersion() string {
+	if len(Version) == 0 {
+		return "dev"
+	}
+	return Version
+}

prometheus.yml

@@ -26,3 +26,7 @@ scrape_configs:
   - job_name: 'gateway'
     static_configs:
     - targets: ['gateway:8082']
+
+  - job_name: 'provider'
+    static_configs:
+    - targets: ['faasd-provider:8081']

vendor/github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+# go-fuzz-headers
+This repository contains various helper functions for go fuzzing. It is mostly used in combination with [go-fuzz](https://github.com/dvyukov/go-fuzz), but compatibility with fuzzing in the standard library will also be supported. Any coverage guided fuzzing engine that provides an array or slice of bytes can be used with go-fuzz-headers.
+
+
+## Usage
+Using go-fuzz-headers is easy. First create a new consumer with the bytes provided by the fuzzing engine:
+
+```go
+import (
+	fuzz "github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers"
+)
+data := []byte{'R', 'a', 'n', 'd', 'o', 'm'}
+f := fuzz.NewConsumer(data)
+
+```
+
+This creates a `Consumer` that consumes the bytes of the input as it uses them to fuzz different types.
+
+After that, `f` can be used to easily create fuzzed instances of different types. Below are some examples:
+
+### Structs
+One of the most useful features of go-fuzz-headers is its ability to fill structs with the data provided by the fuzzing engine. This is done with a single line:
+```go
+type Person struct {
+    Name string
+    Age  int
+}
+p := Person{}
+// Fill p with values based on the data provided by the fuzzing engine:
+err := f.GenerateStruct(&p)
+```
+
+This includes nested structs too. In this example, the fuzz Consumer will also insert values in `p.BestFriend`:
+```go
+type PersonI struct {
+    Name       string
+    Age        int
+    BestFriend PersonII
+}
+type PersonII struct {
+    Name string
+    Age  int
+}
+p := PersonI{}
+err := f.GenerateStruct(&p)
+```
+
+If the consumer should insert values for unexported fields as well as exported, this can be enabled with:
+
+```go
+f.AllowUnexportedFields()
+```
+
+...and disabled with:
+
+```go
+f.DisallowUnexportedFields()
+```
+
+### Other types:
+
+Other useful APIs:
+
+```go
+createdString, err := f.GetString() // Gets a string
+createdInt, err := f.GetInt() // Gets an integer
+createdByte, err := f.GetByte() // Gets a byte
+createdBytes, err := f.GetBytes() // Gets a byte slice
+createdBool, err := f.GetBool() // Gets a boolean
+err := f.FuzzMap(target_map) // Fills a map
+createdTarBytes, err := f.TarBytes() // Gets bytes of a valid tar archive
+err := f.CreateFiles(inThisDir) // Fills inThisDir with files
+createdString, err := f.GetStringFrom("anyCharInThisString", ofThisLength) // Gets a string that consists of chars from "anyCharInThisString" and has the exact length "ofThisLength"
+```
+
+Most APIs are added as they are needed.
+
+## Projects that use go-fuzz-headers
+- [runC](https://github.com/opencontainers/runc)
+- [Istio](https://github.com/istio/istio)
+- [Vitess](https://github.com/vitessio/vitess)
+- [Containerd](https://github.com/containerd/containerd)
+
+Feel free to add your own project to the list, if you use go-fuzz-headers to fuzz it.
+
+
+ 
+
+## Status
+The project is under development and will be updated regularly.
+
+## References
+go-fuzz-headers' approach to fuzzing structs is strongly inspired by [gofuzz](https://github.com/google/gofuzz).

vendor/github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers/consumer.go

@@ -0,0 +1,914 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-fuzz-headers Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package gofuzzheaders
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"math"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+var (
+	MaxTotalLen uint32 = 2000000
+	maxDepth           = 100
+)
+
+func SetMaxTotalLen(newLen uint32) {
+	MaxTotalLen = newLen
+}
+
+type ConsumeFuzzer struct {
+	data                 []byte
+	dataTotal            uint32
+	CommandPart          []byte
+	RestOfArray          []byte
+	NumberOfCalls        int
+	position             uint32
+	fuzzUnexportedFields bool
+	curDepth             int
+	Funcs                map[reflect.Type]reflect.Value
+}
+
+func IsDivisibleBy(n int, divisibleby int) bool {
+	return (n % divisibleby) == 0
+}
+
+func NewConsumer(fuzzData []byte) *ConsumeFuzzer {
+	return &ConsumeFuzzer{
+		data:      fuzzData,
+		dataTotal: uint32(len(fuzzData)),
+		Funcs:     make(map[reflect.Type]reflect.Value),
+		curDepth:  0,
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) Split(minCalls, maxCalls int) error {
+	if f.dataTotal == 0 {
+		return errors.New("could not split")
+	}
+	numberOfCalls := int(f.data[0])
+	if numberOfCalls < minCalls || numberOfCalls > maxCalls {
+		return errors.New("bad number of calls")
+	}
+	if int(f.dataTotal) < numberOfCalls+numberOfCalls+1 {
+		return errors.New("length of data does not match required parameters")
+	}
+
+	// Define part 2 and 3 of the data array
+	commandPart := f.data[1 : numberOfCalls+1]
+	restOfArray := f.data[numberOfCalls+1:]
+
+	// Just a small check. It is necessary
+	if len(commandPart) != numberOfCalls {
+		return errors.New("length of commandPart does not match number of calls")
+	}
+
+	// Check if restOfArray is divisible by numberOfCalls
+	if !IsDivisibleBy(len(restOfArray), numberOfCalls) {
+		return errors.New("length of commandPart does not match number of calls")
+	}
+	f.CommandPart = commandPart
+	f.RestOfArray = restOfArray
+	f.NumberOfCalls = numberOfCalls
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) AllowUnexportedFields() {
+	f.fuzzUnexportedFields = true
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) DisallowUnexportedFields() {
+	f.fuzzUnexportedFields = false
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) GenerateStruct(targetStruct interface{}) error {
+	e := reflect.ValueOf(targetStruct).Elem()
+	return f.fuzzStruct(e, false)
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) setCustom(v reflect.Value) error {
+	// First: see if we have a fuzz function for it.
+	doCustom, ok := f.Funcs[v.Type()]
+	if !ok {
+		return fmt.Errorf("could not find a custom function")
+	}
+
+	switch v.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Ptr:
+		if v.IsNil() {
+			if !v.CanSet() {
+				return fmt.Errorf("could not use a custom function")
+			}
+			v.Set(reflect.New(v.Type().Elem()))
+		}
+	case reflect.Map:
+		if v.IsNil() {
+			if !v.CanSet() {
+				return fmt.Errorf("could not use a custom function")
+			}
+			v.Set(reflect.MakeMap(v.Type()))
+		}
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("could not use a custom function")
+	}
+
+	verr := doCustom.Call([]reflect.Value{v, reflect.ValueOf(Continue{
+		F: f,
+	})})
+
+	// check if we return an error
+	if verr[0].IsNil() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fmt.Errorf("could not use a custom function")
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) fuzzStruct(e reflect.Value, customFunctions bool) error {
+	if f.curDepth >= maxDepth {
+		// return err or nil here?
+		return nil
+	}
+	f.curDepth++
+	defer func() { f.curDepth-- }()
+
+	// We check if we should check for custom functions
+	if customFunctions && e.IsValid() && e.CanAddr() {
+		err := f.setCustom(e.Addr())
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	switch e.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		for i := 0; i < e.NumField(); i++ {
+			var v reflect.Value
+			if !e.Field(i).CanSet() {
+				if f.fuzzUnexportedFields {
+					v = reflect.NewAt(e.Field(i).Type(), unsafe.Pointer(e.Field(i).UnsafeAddr())).Elem()
+				}
+				if err := f.fuzzStruct(v, customFunctions); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			} else {
+				v = e.Field(i)
+				if err := f.fuzzStruct(v, customFunctions); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	case reflect.String:
+		str, err := f.GetString()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if e.CanSet() {
+			e.SetString(str)
+		}
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		var maxElements uint32
+		// Byte slices should not be restricted
+		if e.Type().String() == "[]uint8" {
+			maxElements = 10000000
+		} else {
+			maxElements = 50
+		}
+
+		randQty, err := f.GetUint32()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		numOfElements := randQty % maxElements
+		if (f.dataTotal - f.position) < numOfElements {
+			numOfElements = f.dataTotal - f.position
+		}
+
+		uu := reflect.MakeSlice(e.Type(), int(numOfElements), int(numOfElements))
+
+		for i := 0; i < int(numOfElements); i++ {
+			// If we have more than 10, then we can proceed with that.
+			if err := f.fuzzStruct(uu.Index(i), customFunctions); err != nil {
+				if i >= 10 {
+					if e.CanSet() {
+						e.Set(uu)
+					}
+					return nil
+				} else {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if e.CanSet() {
+			e.Set(uu)
+		}
+	case reflect.Uint16:
+		newInt, err := f.GetUint16()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if e.CanSet() {
+			e.SetUint(uint64(newInt))
+		}
+	case reflect.Uint32:
+		newInt, err := f.GetUint32()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if e.CanSet() {
+			e.SetUint(uint64(newInt))
+		}
+	case reflect.Uint64:
+		newInt, err := f.GetInt()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if e.CanSet() {
+			e.SetUint(uint64(newInt))
+		}
+	case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+		newInt, err := f.GetInt()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if e.CanSet() {
+			e.SetInt(int64(newInt))
+		}
+	case reflect.Float32:
+		newFloat, err := f.GetFloat32()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if e.CanSet() {
+			e.SetFloat(float64(newFloat))
+		}
+	case reflect.Float64:
+		newFloat, err := f.GetFloat64()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if e.CanSet() {
+			e.SetFloat(float64(newFloat))
+		}
+	case reflect.Map:
+		if e.CanSet() {
+			e.Set(reflect.MakeMap(e.Type()))
+			const maxElements = 50
+			randQty, err := f.GetInt()
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			numOfElements := randQty % maxElements
+			for i := 0; i < numOfElements; i++ {
+				key := reflect.New(e.Type().Key()).Elem()
+				if err := f.fuzzStruct(key, customFunctions); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				val := reflect.New(e.Type().Elem()).Elem()
+				if err = f.fuzzStruct(val, customFunctions); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				e.SetMapIndex(key, val)
+			}
+		}
+	case reflect.Ptr:
+		if e.CanSet() {
+			e.Set(reflect.New(e.Type().Elem()))
+			if err := f.fuzzStruct(e.Elem(), customFunctions); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			return nil
+		}
+	case reflect.Uint8:
+		b, err := f.GetByte()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if e.CanSet() {
+			e.SetUint(uint64(b))
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) GetStringArray() (reflect.Value, error) {
+	// The max size of the array:
+	const max uint32 = 20
+
+	arraySize := f.position
+	if arraySize > max {
+		arraySize = max
+	}
+	stringArray := reflect.MakeSlice(reflect.SliceOf(reflect.TypeOf("string")), int(arraySize), int(arraySize))
+	if f.position+arraySize >= f.dataTotal {
+		return stringArray, errors.New("could not make string array")
+	}
+
+	for i := 0; i < int(arraySize); i++ {
+		stringSize := uint32(f.data[f.position])
+		if f.position+stringSize >= f.dataTotal {
+			return stringArray, nil
+		}
+		stringToAppend := string(f.data[f.position : f.position+stringSize])
+		strVal := reflect.ValueOf(stringToAppend)
+		stringArray = reflect.Append(stringArray, strVal)
+		f.position += stringSize
+	}
+	return stringArray, nil
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) GetInt() (int, error) {
+	if f.position >= f.dataTotal {
+		return 0, errors.New("not enough bytes to create int")
+	}
+	returnInt := int(f.data[f.position])
+	f.position++
+	return returnInt, nil
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) GetByte() (byte, error) {
+	if f.position >= f.dataTotal {
+		return 0x00, errors.New("not enough bytes to get byte")
+	}
+	returnByte := f.data[f.position]
+	f.position++
+	return returnByte, nil
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) GetNBytes(numberOfBytes int) ([]byte, error) {
+	if f.position >= f.dataTotal {
+		return nil, errors.New("not enough bytes to get byte")
+	}
+	returnBytes := make([]byte, 0, numberOfBytes)
+	for i := 0; i < numberOfBytes; i++ {
+		newByte, err := f.GetByte()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		returnBytes = append(returnBytes, newByte)
+	}
+	return returnBytes, nil
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) GetUint16() (uint16, error) {
+	u16, err := f.GetNBytes(2)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	littleEndian, err := f.GetBool()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if littleEndian {
+		return binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(u16), nil
+	}
+	return binary.BigEndian.Uint16(u16), nil
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) GetUint32() (uint32, error) {
+	u32, err := f.GetNBytes(4)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	return binary.BigEndian.Uint32(u32), nil
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) GetUint64() (uint64, error) {
+	u64, err := f.GetNBytes(8)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	littleEndian, err := f.GetBool()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if littleEndian {
+		return binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(u64), nil
+	}
+	return binary.BigEndian.Uint64(u64), nil
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) GetBytes() ([]byte, error) {
+	var length uint32
+	var err error
+	length, err = f.GetUint32()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("not enough bytes to create byte array")
+	}
+
+	if length == 0 {
+		length = 30
+	}
+	bytesLeft := f.dataTotal - f.position
+	if bytesLeft <= 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("not enough bytes to create byte array")
+	}
+
+	// If the length is the same as bytes left, we will not overflow
+	// the remaining bytes.
+	if length != bytesLeft {
+		length = length % bytesLeft
+	}
+	byteBegin := f.position
+	if byteBegin+length < byteBegin {
+		return nil, errors.New("numbers overflow")
+	}
+	f.position = byteBegin + length
+	return f.data[byteBegin:f.position], nil
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) GetString() (string, error) {
+	if f.position >= f.dataTotal {
+		return "nil", errors.New("not enough bytes to create string")
+	}
+	length, err := f.GetUint32()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "nil", errors.New("not enough bytes to create string")
+	}
+	if f.position > MaxTotalLen {
+		return "nil", errors.New("created too large a string")
+	}
+	byteBegin := f.position
+	if byteBegin >= f.dataTotal {
+		return "nil", errors.New("not enough bytes to create string")
+	}
+	if byteBegin+length > f.dataTotal {
+		return "nil", errors.New("not enough bytes to create string")
+	}
+	if byteBegin > byteBegin+length {
+		return "nil", errors.New("numbers overflow")
+	}
+	f.position = byteBegin + length
+	return string(f.data[byteBegin:f.position]), nil
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) GetBool() (bool, error) {
+	if f.position >= f.dataTotal {
+		return false, errors.New("not enough bytes to create bool")
+	}
+	if IsDivisibleBy(int(f.data[f.position]), 2) {
+		f.position++
+		return true, nil
+	} else {
+		f.position++
+		return false, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) FuzzMap(m interface{}) error {
+	return f.GenerateStruct(m)
+}
+
+func returnTarBytes(buf []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	return buf, nil
+	// Count files
+	var fileCounter int
+	tr := tar.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(buf))
+	for {
+		_, err := tr.Next()
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			break
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		fileCounter++
+	}
+	if fileCounter >= 1 {
+		return buf, nil
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("not enough files were created\n")
+}
+
+func setTarHeaderFormat(hdr *tar.Header, f *ConsumeFuzzer) error {
+	ind, err := f.GetInt()
+	if err != nil {
+		hdr.Format = tar.FormatGNU
+		//return nil
+	}
+	switch ind % 4 {
+	case 0:
+		hdr.Format = tar.FormatUnknown
+	case 1:
+		hdr.Format = tar.FormatUSTAR
+	case 2:
+		hdr.Format = tar.FormatPAX
+	case 3:
+		hdr.Format = tar.FormatGNU
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func setTarHeaderTypeflag(hdr *tar.Header, f *ConsumeFuzzer) error {
+	ind, err := f.GetInt()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	switch ind % 13 {
+	case 0:
+		hdr.Typeflag = tar.TypeReg
+	case 1:
+		hdr.Typeflag = tar.TypeLink
+		linkname, err := f.GetString()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		hdr.Linkname = linkname
+	case 2:
+		hdr.Typeflag = tar.TypeSymlink
+		linkname, err := f.GetString()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		hdr.Linkname = linkname
+	case 3:
+		hdr.Typeflag = tar.TypeChar
+	case 4:
+		hdr.Typeflag = tar.TypeBlock
+	case 5:
+		hdr.Typeflag = tar.TypeDir
+	case 6:
+		hdr.Typeflag = tar.TypeFifo
+	case 7:
+		hdr.Typeflag = tar.TypeCont
+	case 8:
+		hdr.Typeflag = tar.TypeXHeader
+	case 9:
+		hdr.Typeflag = tar.TypeXGlobalHeader
+	case 10:
+		hdr.Typeflag = tar.TypeGNUSparse
+	case 11:
+		hdr.Typeflag = tar.TypeGNULongName
+	case 12:
+		hdr.Typeflag = tar.TypeGNULongLink
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) createTarFileBody() ([]byte, error) {
+	return f.GetBytes()
+	/*length, err := f.GetUint32()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("not enough bytes to create byte array")
+	}
+
+	// A bit of optimization to attempt to create a file body
+	// when we don't have as many bytes left as "length"
+	remainingBytes := f.dataTotal - f.position
+	if remainingBytes <= 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("created too large a string")
+	}
+	if f.position+length > MaxTotalLen {
+		return nil, errors.New("created too large a string")
+	}
+	byteBegin := f.position
+	if byteBegin >= f.dataTotal {
+		return nil, errors.New("not enough bytes to create byte array")
+	}
+	if length == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("zero-length is not supported")
+	}
+	if byteBegin+length >= f.dataTotal {
+		return nil, errors.New("not enough bytes to create byte array")
+	}
+	if byteBegin+length < byteBegin {
+		return nil, errors.New("numbers overflow")
+	}
+	f.position = byteBegin + length
+	return f.data[byteBegin:f.position], nil*/
+}
+
+// getTarFileName is similar to GetString(), but creates string based
+// on the length of f.data to reduce the likelihood of overflowing
+// f.data.
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) getTarFilename() (string, error) {
+	return f.GetString()
+	/*length, err := f.GetUint32()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "nil", errors.New("not enough bytes to create string")
+	}
+
+	// A bit of optimization to attempt to create a file name
+	// when we don't have as many bytes left as "length"
+	remainingBytes := f.dataTotal - f.position
+	if remainingBytes <= 0 {
+		return "nil", errors.New("created too large a string")
+	}
+	if f.position > MaxTotalLen {
+		return "nil", errors.New("created too large a string")
+	}
+	byteBegin := f.position
+	if byteBegin >= f.dataTotal {
+		return "nil", errors.New("not enough bytes to create string")
+	}
+	if byteBegin+length > f.dataTotal {
+		return "nil", errors.New("not enough bytes to create string")
+	}
+	if byteBegin > byteBegin+length {
+		return "nil", errors.New("numbers overflow")
+	}
+	f.position = byteBegin + length
+	return string(f.data[byteBegin:f.position]), nil*/
+}
+
+type TarFile struct {
+	Hdr  *tar.Header
+	Body []byte
+}
+
+// TarBytes returns valid bytes for a tar archive
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) TarBytes() ([]byte, error) {
+	numberOfFiles, err := f.GetInt()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var tarFiles []*TarFile
+	tarFiles = make([]*TarFile, 0)
+
+	const maxNoOfFiles = 100
+	for i := 0; i < numberOfFiles%maxNoOfFiles; i++ {
+		var filename string
+		var filebody []byte
+		var sec, nsec int
+		var err error
+
+		filename, err = f.getTarFilename()
+		if err != nil {
+			var sb strings.Builder
+			sb.WriteString("file-")
+			sb.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(i))
+			filename = sb.String()
+		}
+		filebody, err = f.createTarFileBody()
+		if err != nil {
+			var sb strings.Builder
+			sb.WriteString("filebody-")
+			sb.WriteString(strconv.Itoa(i))
+			filebody = []byte(sb.String())
+		}
+
+		sec, err = f.GetInt()
+		if err != nil {
+			sec = 1672531200 // beginning of 2023
+		}
+		nsec, err = f.GetInt()
+		if err != nil {
+			nsec = 1703980800 // end of 2023
+		}
+
+		hdr := &tar.Header{
+			Name:    filename,
+			Size:    int64(len(filebody)),
+			Mode:    0o600,
+			ModTime: time.Unix(int64(sec), int64(nsec)),
+		}
+		if err := setTarHeaderTypeflag(hdr, f); err != nil {
+			return []byte(""), err
+		}
+		if err := setTarHeaderFormat(hdr, f); err != nil {
+			return []byte(""), err
+		}
+		tf := &TarFile{
+			Hdr:  hdr,
+			Body: filebody,
+		}
+		tarFiles = append(tarFiles, tf)
+	}
+
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	tw := tar.NewWriter(&buf)
+	defer tw.Close()
+
+	for _, tf := range tarFiles {
+		tw.WriteHeader(tf.Hdr)
+		tw.Write(tf.Body)
+	}
+	return buf.Bytes(), nil
+}
+
+// This is similar to TarBytes, but it returns a series of
+// files instead of raw tar bytes. The advantage of this
+// api is that it is cheaper in terms of cpu power to
+// modify or check the files in the fuzzer with TarFiles()
+// because it avoids creating a tar reader.
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) TarFiles() ([]*TarFile, error) {
+	numberOfFiles, err := f.GetInt()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var tarFiles []*TarFile
+	tarFiles = make([]*TarFile, 0)
+
+	const maxNoOfFiles = 100
+	for i := 0; i < numberOfFiles%maxNoOfFiles; i++ {
+		filename, err := f.getTarFilename()
+		if err != nil {
+			return tarFiles, err
+		}
+		filebody, err := f.createTarFileBody()
+		if err != nil {
+			return tarFiles, err
+		}
+
+		sec, err := f.GetInt()
+		if err != nil {
+			return tarFiles, err
+		}
+		nsec, err := f.GetInt()
+		if err != nil {
+			return tarFiles, err
+		}
+
+		hdr := &tar.Header{
+			Name:    filename,
+			Size:    int64(len(filebody)),
+			Mode:    0o600,
+			ModTime: time.Unix(int64(sec), int64(nsec)),
+		}
+		if err := setTarHeaderTypeflag(hdr, f); err != nil {
+			hdr.Typeflag = tar.TypeReg
+		}
+		if err := setTarHeaderFormat(hdr, f); err != nil {
+			return tarFiles, err // should not happend
+		}
+		tf := &TarFile{
+			Hdr:  hdr,
+			Body: filebody,
+		}
+		tarFiles = append(tarFiles, tf)
+	}
+	return tarFiles, nil
+}
+
+// CreateFiles creates pseudo-random files in rootDir.
+// It creates subdirs and places the files there.
+// It is the callers responsibility to ensure that
+// rootDir exists.
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) CreateFiles(rootDir string) error {
+	numberOfFiles, err := f.GetInt()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	maxNumberOfFiles := numberOfFiles % 4000 // This is completely arbitrary
+	if maxNumberOfFiles == 0 {
+		return errors.New("maxNumberOfFiles is nil")
+	}
+
+	var noOfCreatedFiles int
+	for i := 0; i < maxNumberOfFiles; i++ {
+		// The file to create:
+		fileName, err := f.GetString()
+		if err != nil {
+			if noOfCreatedFiles > 0 {
+				// If files have been created, we don't return an error.
+				break
+			} else {
+				return errors.New("could not get fileName")
+			}
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(fileName, "..") || (len(fileName) > 0 && fileName[0] == 47) || strings.Contains(fileName, "\\") {
+			continue
+		}
+		fullFilePath := filepath.Join(rootDir, fileName)
+
+		// Find the subdirectory of the file
+		if subDir := filepath.Dir(fileName); subDir != "" && subDir != "." {
+			// create the dir first; avoid going outside the root dir
+			if strings.Contains(subDir, "../") || (len(subDir) > 0 && subDir[0] == 47) || strings.Contains(subDir, "\\") {
+				continue
+			}
+			dirPath := filepath.Join(rootDir, subDir)
+			if _, err := os.Stat(dirPath); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				err2 := os.MkdirAll(dirPath, 0o777)
+				if err2 != nil {
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+			fullFilePath = filepath.Join(dirPath, fileName)
+		} else {
+			// Create symlink
+			createSymlink, err := f.GetBool()
+			if err != nil {
+				if noOfCreatedFiles > 0 {
+					break
+				} else {
+					return errors.New("could not create the symlink")
+				}
+			}
+			if createSymlink {
+				symlinkTarget, err := f.GetString()
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				err = os.Symlink(symlinkTarget, fullFilePath)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				// stop loop here, since a symlink needs no further action
+				noOfCreatedFiles++
+				continue
+			}
+			// We create a normal file
+			fileContents, err := f.GetBytes()
+			if err != nil {
+				if noOfCreatedFiles > 0 {
+					break
+				} else {
+					return errors.New("could not create the file")
+				}
+			}
+			err = os.WriteFile(fullFilePath, fileContents, 0o666)
+			if err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+			noOfCreatedFiles++
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetStringFrom returns a string that can only consist of characters
+// included in possibleChars. It returns an error if the created string
+// does not have the specified length.
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) GetStringFrom(possibleChars string, length int) (string, error) {
+	if (f.dataTotal - f.position) < uint32(length) {
+		return "", errors.New("not enough bytes to create a string")
+	}
+	output := make([]byte, 0, length)
+	for i := 0; i < length; i++ {
+		charIndex, err := f.GetInt()
+		if err != nil {
+			return string(output), err
+		}
+		output = append(output, possibleChars[charIndex%len(possibleChars)])
+	}
+	return string(output), nil
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) GetRune() ([]rune, error) {
+	stringToConvert, err := f.GetString()
+	if err != nil {
+		return []rune("nil"), err
+	}
+	return []rune(stringToConvert), nil
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) GetFloat32() (float32, error) {
+	u32, err := f.GetNBytes(4)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	littleEndian, err := f.GetBool()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if littleEndian {
+		u32LE := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(u32)
+		return math.Float32frombits(u32LE), nil
+	}
+	u32BE := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(u32)
+	return math.Float32frombits(u32BE), nil
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) GetFloat64() (float64, error) {
+	u64, err := f.GetNBytes(8)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	littleEndian, err := f.GetBool()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if littleEndian {
+		u64LE := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(u64)
+		return math.Float64frombits(u64LE), nil
+	}
+	u64BE := binary.BigEndian.Uint64(u64)
+	return math.Float64frombits(u64BE), nil
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) CreateSlice(targetSlice interface{}) error {
+	return f.GenerateStruct(targetSlice)
+}

vendor/github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers/funcs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-fuzz-headers Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package gofuzzheaders
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+)
+
+type Continue struct {
+	F *ConsumeFuzzer
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) AddFuncs(fuzzFuncs []interface{}) {
+	for i := range fuzzFuncs {
+		v := reflect.ValueOf(fuzzFuncs[i])
+		if v.Kind() != reflect.Func {
+			panic("Need only funcs!")
+		}
+		t := v.Type()
+		if t.NumIn() != 2 || t.NumOut() != 1 {
+			fmt.Println(t.NumIn(), t.NumOut())
+
+			panic("Need 2 in and 1 out params. In must be the type. Out must be an error")
+		}
+		argT := t.In(0)
+		switch argT.Kind() {
+		case reflect.Ptr, reflect.Map:
+		default:
+			panic("fuzzFunc must take pointer or map type")
+		}
+		if t.In(1) != reflect.TypeOf(Continue{}) {
+			panic("fuzzFunc's second parameter must be type Continue")
+		}
+		f.Funcs[argT] = v
+	}
+}
+
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) GenerateWithCustom(targetStruct interface{}) error {
+	e := reflect.ValueOf(targetStruct).Elem()
+	return f.fuzzStruct(e, true)
+}
+
+func (c Continue) GenerateStruct(targetStruct interface{}) error {
+	return c.F.GenerateStruct(targetStruct)
+}
+
+func (c Continue) GenerateStructWithCustom(targetStruct interface{}) error {
+	return c.F.GenerateWithCustom(targetStruct)
+}

vendor/github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers/sql.go

@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The go-fuzz-headers Authors.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+package gofuzzheaders
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// returns a keyword by index
+func getKeyword(f *ConsumeFuzzer) (string, error) {
+	index, err := f.GetInt()
+	if err != nil {
+		return keywords[0], err
+	}
+	for i, k := range keywords {
+		if i == index {
+			return k, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return keywords[0], fmt.Errorf("could not get a kw")
+}
+
+// Simple utility function to check if a string
+// slice contains a string.
+func containsString(s []string, e string) bool {
+	for _, a := range s {
+		if a == e {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// These keywords are used specifically for fuzzing Vitess
+var keywords = []string{
+	"accessible", "action", "add", "after", "against", "algorithm",
+	"all", "alter", "always", "analyze", "and", "as", "asc", "asensitive",
+	"auto_increment", "avg_row_length", "before", "begin", "between",
+	"bigint", "binary", "_binary", "_utf8mb4", "_utf8", "_latin1", "bit",
+	"blob", "bool", "boolean", "both", "by", "call", "cancel", "cascade",
+	"cascaded", "case", "cast", "channel", "change", "char", "character",
+	"charset", "check", "checksum", "coalesce", "code", "collate", "collation",
+	"column", "columns", "comment", "committed", "commit", "compact", "complete",
+	"compressed", "compression", "condition", "connection", "constraint", "continue",
+	"convert", "copy", "cume_dist", "substr", "substring", "create", "cross",
+	"csv", "current_date", "current_time", "current_timestamp", "current_user",
+	"cursor", "data", "database", "databases", "day", "day_hour", "day_microsecond",
+	"day_minute", "day_second", "date", "datetime", "dec", "decimal", "declare",
+	"default", "definer", "delay_key_write", "delayed", "delete", "dense_rank",
+	"desc", "describe", "deterministic", "directory", "disable", "discard",
+	"disk", "distinct", "distinctrow", "div", "double", "do", "drop", "dumpfile",
+	"duplicate", "dynamic", "each", "else", "elseif", "empty", "enable",
+	"enclosed", "encryption", "end", "enforced", "engine", "engines", "enum",
+	"error", "escape", "escaped", "event", "exchange", "exclusive", "exists",
+	"exit", "explain", "expansion", "export", "extended", "extract", "false",
+	"fetch", "fields", "first", "first_value", "fixed", "float", "float4",
+	"float8", "flush", "for", "force", "foreign", "format", "from", "full",
+	"fulltext", "function", "general", "generated", "geometry", "geometrycollection",
+	"get", "global", "gtid_executed", "grant", "group", "grouping", "groups",
+	"group_concat", "having", "header", "high_priority", "hosts", "hour", "hour_microsecond",
+	"hour_minute", "hour_second", "if", "ignore", "import", "in", "index", "indexes",
+	"infile", "inout", "inner", "inplace", "insensitive", "insert", "insert_method",
+	"int", "int1", "int2", "int3", "int4", "int8", "integer", "interval",
+	"into", "io_after_gtids", "is", "isolation", "iterate", "invoker", "join",
+	"json", "json_table", "key", "keys", "keyspaces", "key_block_size", "kill", "lag",
+	"language", "last", "last_value", "last_insert_id", "lateral", "lead", "leading",
+	"leave", "left", "less", "level", "like", "limit", "linear", "lines",
+	"linestring", "load", "local", "localtime", "localtimestamp", "lock", "logs",
+	"long", "longblob", "longtext", "loop", "low_priority", "manifest",
+	"master_bind", "match", "max_rows", "maxvalue", "mediumblob", "mediumint",
+	"mediumtext", "memory", "merge", "microsecond", "middleint", "min_rows", "minute",
+	"minute_microsecond", "minute_second", "mod", "mode", "modify", "modifies",
+	"multilinestring", "multipoint", "multipolygon", "month", "name",
+	"names", "natural", "nchar", "next", "no", "none", "not", "no_write_to_binlog",
+	"nth_value", "ntile", "null", "numeric", "of", "off", "offset", "on",
+	"only", "open", "optimize", "optimizer_costs", "option", "optionally",
+	"or", "order", "out", "outer", "outfile", "over", "overwrite", "pack_keys",
+	"parser", "partition", "partitioning", "password", "percent_rank", "plugins",
+	"point", "polygon", "precision", "primary", "privileges", "processlist",
+	"procedure", "query", "quarter", "range", "rank", "read", "reads", "read_write",
+	"real", "rebuild", "recursive", "redundant", "references", "regexp", "relay",
+	"release", "remove", "rename", "reorganize", "repair", "repeat", "repeatable",
+	"replace", "require", "resignal", "restrict", "return", "retry", "revert",
+	"revoke", "right", "rlike", "rollback", "row", "row_format", "row_number",
+	"rows", "s3", "savepoint", "schema", "schemas", "second", "second_microsecond",
+	"security", "select", "sensitive", "separator", "sequence", "serializable",
+	"session", "set", "share", "shared", "show", "signal", "signed", "slow",
+	"smallint", "spatial", "specific", "sql", "sqlexception", "sqlstate",
+	"sqlwarning", "sql_big_result", "sql_cache", "sql_calc_found_rows",
+	"sql_no_cache", "sql_small_result", "ssl", "start", "starting",
+	"stats_auto_recalc", "stats_persistent", "stats_sample_pages", "status",
+	"storage", "stored", "straight_join", "stream", "system", "vstream",
+	"table", "tables", "tablespace", "temporary", "temptable", "terminated",
+	"text", "than", "then", "time", "timestamp", "timestampadd", "timestampdiff",
+	"tinyblob", "tinyint", "tinytext", "to", "trailing", "transaction", "tree",
+	"traditional", "trigger", "triggers", "true", "truncate", "uncommitted",
+	"undefined", "undo", "union", "unique", "unlock", "unsigned", "update",
+	"upgrade", "usage", "use", "user", "user_resources", "using", "utc_date",
+	"utc_time", "utc_timestamp", "validation", "values", "variables", "varbinary",
+	"varchar", "varcharacter", "varying", "vgtid_executed", "virtual", "vindex",
+	"vindexes", "view", "vitess", "vitess_keyspaces", "vitess_metadata",
+	"vitess_migration", "vitess_migrations", "vitess_replication_status",
+	"vitess_shards", "vitess_tablets", "vschema", "warnings", "when",
+	"where", "while", "window", "with", "without", "work", "write", "xor",
+	"year", "year_month", "zerofill",
+}
+
+// Keywords that could get an additional keyword
+var needCustomString = []string{
+	"DISTINCTROW", "FROM", // Select keywords:
+	"GROUP BY", "HAVING", "WINDOW",
+	"FOR",
+	"ORDER BY", "LIMIT",
+	"INTO", "PARTITION", "AS", // Insert Keywords:
+	"ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE",
+	"WHERE", "LIMIT", // Delete keywords
+	"INFILE", "INTO TABLE", "CHARACTER SET", // Load keywords
+	"TERMINATED BY", "ENCLOSED BY",
+	"ESCAPED BY", "STARTING BY",
+	"TERMINATED BY", "STARTING BY",
+	"IGNORE",
+	"VALUE", "VALUES", // Replace tokens
+	"SET",                                   // Update tokens
+	"ENGINE =",                              // Drop tokens
+	"DEFINER =", "ON SCHEDULE", "RENAME TO", // Alter tokens
+	"COMMENT", "DO", "INITIAL_SIZE = ", "OPTIONS",
+}
+
+var alterTableTokens = [][]string{
+	{"CUSTOM_FUZZ_STRING"},
+	{"CUSTOM_ALTTER_TABLE_OPTIONS"},
+	{"PARTITION_OPTIONS_FOR_ALTER_TABLE"},
+}
+
+var alterTokens = [][]string{
+	{
+		"DATABASE", "SCHEMA", "DEFINER = ", "EVENT", "FUNCTION", "INSTANCE",
+		"LOGFILE GROUP", "PROCEDURE", "SERVER",
+	},
+	{"CUSTOM_FUZZ_STRING"},
+	{
+		"ON SCHEDULE", "ON COMPLETION PRESERVE", "ON COMPLETION NOT PRESERVE",
+		"ADD UNDOFILE", "OPTIONS",
+	},
+	{"RENAME TO", "INITIAL_SIZE = "},
+	{"ENABLE", "DISABLE", "DISABLE ON SLAVE", "ENGINE"},
+	{"COMMENT"},
+	{"DO"},
+}
+
+var setTokens = [][]string{
+	{"CHARACTER SET", "CHARSET", "CUSTOM_FUZZ_STRING", "NAMES"},
+	{"CUSTOM_FUZZ_STRING", "DEFAULT", "="},
+	{"CUSTOM_FUZZ_STRING"},
+}
+
+var dropTokens = [][]string{
+	{"TEMPORARY", "UNDO"},
+	{
+		"DATABASE", "SCHEMA", "EVENT", "INDEX", "LOGFILE GROUP",
+		"PROCEDURE", "FUNCTION", "SERVER", "SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM",
+		"TABLE", "TABLESPACE", "TRIGGER", "VIEW",
+	},
+	{"IF EXISTS"},
+	{"CUSTOM_FUZZ_STRING"},
+	{"ON", "ENGINE = ", "RESTRICT", "CASCADE"},
+}
+
+var renameTokens = [][]string{
+	{"TABLE"},
+	{"CUSTOM_FUZZ_STRING"},
+	{"TO"},
+	{"CUSTOM_FUZZ_STRING"},
+}
+
+var truncateTokens = [][]string{
+	{"TABLE"},
+	{"CUSTOM_FUZZ_STRING"},
+}
+
+var createTokens = [][]string{
+	{"OR REPLACE", "TEMPORARY", "UNDO"}, // For create spatial reference system
+	{
+		"UNIQUE", "FULLTEXT", "SPATIAL", "ALGORITHM = UNDEFINED", "ALGORITHM = MERGE",
+		"ALGORITHM = TEMPTABLE",
+	},
+	{
+		"DATABASE", "SCHEMA", "EVENT", "FUNCTION", "INDEX", "LOGFILE GROUP",
+		"PROCEDURE", "SERVER", "SPATIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM", "TABLE", "TABLESPACE",
+		"TRIGGER", "VIEW",
+	},
+	{"IF NOT EXISTS"},
+	{"CUSTOM_FUZZ_STRING"},
+}
+
+/*
+// For future use.
+var updateTokens = [][]string{
+	{"LOW_PRIORITY"},
+	{"IGNORE"},
+	{"SET"},
+	{"WHERE"},
+	{"ORDER BY"},
+	{"LIMIT"},
+}
+*/
+
+var replaceTokens = [][]string{
+	{"LOW_PRIORITY", "DELAYED"},
+	{"INTO"},
+	{"PARTITION"},
+	{"CUSTOM_FUZZ_STRING"},
+	{"VALUES", "VALUE"},
+}
+
+var loadTokens = [][]string{
+	{"DATA"},
+	{"LOW_PRIORITY", "CONCURRENT", "LOCAL"},
+	{"INFILE"},
+	{"REPLACE", "IGNORE"},
+	{"INTO TABLE"},
+	{"PARTITION"},
+	{"CHARACTER SET"},
+	{"FIELDS", "COLUMNS"},
+	{"TERMINATED BY"},
+	{"OPTIONALLY"},
+	{"ENCLOSED BY"},
+	{"ESCAPED BY"},
+	{"LINES"},
+	{"STARTING BY"},
+	{"TERMINATED BY"},
+	{"IGNORE"},
+	{"LINES", "ROWS"},
+	{"CUSTOM_FUZZ_STRING"},
+}
+
+// These Are everything that comes after "INSERT"
+var insertTokens = [][]string{
+	{"LOW_PRIORITY", "DELAYED", "HIGH_PRIORITY", "IGNORE"},
+	{"INTO"},
+	{"PARTITION"},
+	{"CUSTOM_FUZZ_STRING"},
+	{"AS"},
+	{"ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE"},
+}
+
+// These are everything that comes after "SELECT"
+var selectTokens = [][]string{
+	{"*", "CUSTOM_FUZZ_STRING", "DISTINCTROW"},
+	{"HIGH_PRIORITY"},
+	{"STRAIGHT_JOIN"},
+	{"SQL_SMALL_RESULT", "SQL_BIG_RESULT", "SQL_BUFFER_RESULT"},
+	{"SQL_NO_CACHE", "SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS"},
+	{"CUSTOM_FUZZ_STRING"},
+	{"FROM"},
+	{"WHERE"},
+	{"GROUP BY"},
+	{"HAVING"},
+	{"WINDOW"},
+	{"ORDER BY"},
+	{"LIMIT"},
+	{"CUSTOM_FUZZ_STRING"},
+	{"FOR"},
+}
+
+// These are everything that comes after "DELETE"
+var deleteTokens = [][]string{
+	{"LOW_PRIORITY", "QUICK", "IGNORE", "FROM", "AS"},
+	{"PARTITION"},
+	{"WHERE"},
+	{"ORDER BY"},
+	{"LIMIT"},
+}
+
+var alter_table_options = []string{
+	"ADD", "COLUMN", "FIRST", "AFTER", "INDEX", "KEY", "FULLTEXT", "SPATIAL",
+	"CONSTRAINT", "UNIQUE", "FOREIGN KEY", "CHECK", "ENFORCED", "DROP", "ALTER",
+	"NOT", "INPLACE", "COPY", "SET", "VISIBLE", "INVISIBLE", "DEFAULT", "CHANGE",
+	"CHARACTER SET", "COLLATE", "DISABLE", "ENABLE", "KEYS", "TABLESPACE", "LOCK",
+	"FORCE", "MODIFY", "SHARED", "EXCLUSIVE", "NONE", "ORDER BY", "RENAME COLUMN",
+	"AS", "=", "ASC", "DESC", "WITH", "WITHOUT", "VALIDATION", "ADD PARTITION",
+	"DROP PARTITION", "DISCARD PARTITION", "IMPORT PARTITION", "TRUNCATE PARTITION",
+	"COALESCE PARTITION", "REORGANIZE PARTITION", "EXCHANGE PARTITION",
+	"ANALYZE PARTITION", "CHECK PARTITION", "OPTIMIZE PARTITION", "REBUILD PARTITION",
+	"REPAIR PARTITION", "REMOVE PARTITIONING", "USING", "BTREE", "HASH", "COMMENT",
+	"KEY_BLOCK_SIZE", "WITH PARSER", "AUTOEXTEND_SIZE", "AUTO_INCREMENT", "AVG_ROW_LENGTH",
+	"CHECKSUM", "INSERT_METHOD", "ROW_FORMAT", "DYNAMIC", "FIXED", "COMPRESSED", "REDUNDANT",
+	"COMPACT", "SECONDARY_ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE", "STATS_AUTO_RECALC", "STATS_PERSISTENT",
+	"STATS_SAMPLE_PAGES", "ZLIB", "LZ4", "ENGINE_ATTRIBUTE", "KEY_BLOCK_SIZE", "MAX_ROWS",
+	"MIN_ROWS", "PACK_KEYS", "PASSWORD", "COMPRESSION", "CONNECTION", "DIRECTORY",
+	"DELAY_KEY_WRITE", "ENCRYPTION", "STORAGE", "DISK", "MEMORY", "UNION",
+}
+
+// Creates an 'alter table' statement. 'alter table' is an exception
+// in that it has its own function. The majority of statements
+// are created by 'createStmt()'.
+func createAlterTableStmt(f *ConsumeFuzzer) (string, error) {
+	maxArgs, err := f.GetInt()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	maxArgs = maxArgs % 30
+	if maxArgs == 0 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("could not create alter table stmt")
+	}
+
+	var stmt strings.Builder
+	stmt.WriteString("ALTER TABLE ")
+	for i := 0; i < maxArgs; i++ {
+		// Calculate if we get existing token or custom string
+		tokenType, err := f.GetInt()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		if tokenType%4 == 1 {
+			customString, err := f.GetString()
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", err
+			}
+			stmt.WriteString(" " + customString)
+		} else {
+			tokenIndex, err := f.GetInt()
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", err
+			}
+			stmt.WriteString(" " + alter_table_options[tokenIndex%len(alter_table_options)])
+		}
+	}
+	return stmt.String(), nil
+}
+
+func chooseToken(tokens []string, f *ConsumeFuzzer) (string, error) {
+	index, err := f.GetInt()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	var token strings.Builder
+	token.WriteString(tokens[index%len(tokens)])
+	if token.String() == "CUSTOM_FUZZ_STRING" {
+		customFuzzString, err := f.GetString()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		return customFuzzString, nil
+	}
+
+	// Check if token requires an argument
+	if containsString(needCustomString, token.String()) {
+		customFuzzString, err := f.GetString()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		token.WriteString(" " + customFuzzString)
+	}
+	return token.String(), nil
+}
+
+var stmtTypes = map[string][][]string{
+	"DELETE":      deleteTokens,
+	"INSERT":      insertTokens,
+	"SELECT":      selectTokens,
+	"LOAD":        loadTokens,
+	"REPLACE":     replaceTokens,
+	"CREATE":      createTokens,
+	"DROP":        dropTokens,
+	"RENAME":      renameTokens,
+	"TRUNCATE":    truncateTokens,
+	"SET":         setTokens,
+	"ALTER":       alterTokens,
+	"ALTER TABLE": alterTableTokens, // ALTER TABLE has its own set of tokens
+}
+
+var stmtTypeEnum = map[int]string{
+	0:  "DELETE",
+	1:  "INSERT",
+	2:  "SELECT",
+	3:  "LOAD",
+	4:  "REPLACE",
+	5:  "CREATE",
+	6:  "DROP",
+	7:  "RENAME",
+	8:  "TRUNCATE",
+	9:  "SET",
+	10: "ALTER",
+	11: "ALTER TABLE",
+}
+
+func createStmt(f *ConsumeFuzzer) (string, error) {
+	stmtIndex, err := f.GetInt()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	stmtIndex = stmtIndex % len(stmtTypes)
+
+	queryType := stmtTypeEnum[stmtIndex]
+	tokens := stmtTypes[queryType]
+
+	// We have custom creator for ALTER TABLE
+	if queryType == "ALTER TABLE" {
+		query, err := createAlterTableStmt(f)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		return query, nil
+	}
+
+	// Here we are creating a query that is not
+	// an 'alter table' query. For available
+	// queries, see "stmtTypes"
+
+	// First specify the first query keyword:
+	var query strings.Builder
+	query.WriteString(queryType)
+
+	// Next create the args for the
+	queryArgs, err := createStmtArgs(tokens, f)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	query.WriteString(" " + queryArgs)
+	return query.String(), nil
+}
+
+// Creates the arguments of a statements. In a select statement
+// that would be everything after "select".
+func createStmtArgs(tokenslice [][]string, f *ConsumeFuzzer) (string, error) {
+	var query, token strings.Builder
+
+	// We go through the tokens in the tokenslice,
+	// create the respective token and add it to
+	// "query"
+	for _, tokens := range tokenslice {
+		// For extra randomization, the fuzzer can
+		// choose to not include this token.
+		includeThisToken, err := f.GetBool()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		if !includeThisToken {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// There may be several tokens to choose from:
+		if len(tokens) > 1 {
+			chosenToken, err := chooseToken(tokens, f)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", err
+			}
+			query.WriteString(" " + chosenToken)
+		} else {
+			token.WriteString(tokens[0])
+
+			// In case the token is "CUSTOM_FUZZ_STRING"
+			// we will then create a non-structured string
+			if token.String() == "CUSTOM_FUZZ_STRING" {
+				customFuzzString, err := f.GetString()
+				if err != nil {
+					return "", err
+				}
+				query.WriteString(" " + customFuzzString)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// Check if token requires an argument.
+			// Tokens that take an argument can be found
+			// in 'needCustomString'. If so, we add a
+			// non-structured string to the token.
+			if containsString(needCustomString, token.String()) {
+				customFuzzString, err := f.GetString()
+				if err != nil {
+					return "", err
+				}
+				token.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(" %s", customFuzzString))
+			}
+			query.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf(" %s", token.String()))
+		}
+	}
+	return query.String(), nil
+}
+
+// Creates a semi-structured query. It creates a string
+// that is a combination of the keywords and random strings.
+func createQuery(f *ConsumeFuzzer) (string, error) {
+	queryLen, err := f.GetInt()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	maxLen := queryLen % 60
+	if maxLen == 0 {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("could not create a query")
+	}
+	var query strings.Builder
+	for i := 0; i < maxLen; i++ {
+		// Get a new token:
+		useKeyword, err := f.GetBool()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		if useKeyword {
+			keyword, err := getKeyword(f)
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", err
+			}
+			query.WriteString(" " + keyword)
+		} else {
+			customString, err := f.GetString()
+			if err != nil {
+				return "", err
+			}
+			query.WriteString(" " + customString)
+		}
+	}
+	if query.String() == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("could not create a query")
+	}
+	return query.String(), nil
+}
+
+// GetSQLString is the API that users interact with.
+//
+// Usage:
+//
+//	f := NewConsumer(data)
+//	sqlString, err := f.GetSQLString()
+func (f *ConsumeFuzzer) GetSQLString() (string, error) {
+	var query string
+	veryStructured, err := f.GetBool()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	if veryStructured {
+		query, err = createStmt(f)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	} else {
+		query, err = createQuery(f)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+	return query, nil
+}

vendor/github.com/AdamKorcz/go-118-fuzz-build/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
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+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
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+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
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+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
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+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
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+      any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work
+      by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of
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+      the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed
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+   6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade
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+
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+      Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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+
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+       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+
+   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+   limitations under the License.

vendor/github.com/AdamKorcz/go-118-fuzz-build/testing/f.go

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+package testing
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	fuzz "github.com/AdaLogics/go-fuzz-headers"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+)
+
+type F struct {
+	Data     []byte
+	T        *T
+	FuzzFunc func(*T, any)
+}
+
+func (f *F) CleanupTempDirs() {
+	f.T.CleanupTempDirs()
+}
+
+func (f *F) Add(args ...any)                   {}
+func (c *F) Cleanup(f func())                  {}
+func (c *F) Error(args ...any)                 {}
+func (c *F) Errorf(format string, args ...any) {}
+func (f *F) Fail()                             {}
+func (c *F) FailNow()                          {}
+func (c *F) Failed() bool                      { return false }
+func (c *F) Fatal(args ...any)                 {}
+func (c *F) Fatalf(format string, args ...any) {}
+func (f *F) Fuzz(ff any) {
+	// we are assuming that ff is a func.
+	// TODO: Add a check for UX purposes
+
+	fn := reflect.ValueOf(ff)
+	fnType := fn.Type()
+	var types []reflect.Type
+	for i := 1; i < fnType.NumIn(); i++ {
+		t := fnType.In(i)
+
+		types = append(types, t)
+	}
+	args := []reflect.Value{reflect.ValueOf(f.T)}
+	fuzzConsumer := fuzz.NewConsumer(f.Data)
+	for _, v := range types {
+		switch v.String() {
+		case "[]uint8":
+			b, err := fuzzConsumer.GetBytes()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			newBytes := reflect.New(v)
+			newBytes.Elem().SetBytes(b)
+			args = append(args, newBytes.Elem())
+		case "string":
+			s, err := fuzzConsumer.GetString()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			newString := reflect.New(v)
+			newString.Elem().SetString(s)
+			args = append(args, newString.Elem())
+		case "int":
+			randInt, err := fuzzConsumer.GetInt()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			newInt := reflect.New(v)
+			newInt.Elem().SetInt(int64(randInt))
+			args = append(args, newInt.Elem())
+		case "int8":
+			randInt, err := fuzzConsumer.GetInt()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			newInt := reflect.New(v)
+			newInt.Elem().SetInt(int64(randInt))
+			args = append(args, newInt.Elem())
+		case "int16":
+			randInt, err := fuzzConsumer.GetInt()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			newInt := reflect.New(v)
+			newInt.Elem().SetInt(int64(randInt))
+			args = append(args, newInt.Elem())
+		case "int32":
+			randInt, err := fuzzConsumer.GetInt()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			newInt := reflect.New(v)
+			newInt.Elem().SetInt(int64(randInt))
+			args = append(args, newInt.Elem())
+		case "int64":
+			randInt, err := fuzzConsumer.GetInt()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			newInt := reflect.New(v)
+			newInt.Elem().SetInt(int64(randInt))
+			args = append(args, newInt.Elem())
+		case "uint":
+			randInt, err := fuzzConsumer.GetInt()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			newUint := reflect.New(v)
+			newUint.Elem().SetUint(uint64(randInt))
+			args = append(args, newUint.Elem())
+		case "uint8":
+			randInt, err := fuzzConsumer.GetInt()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			newUint := reflect.New(v)
+			newUint.Elem().SetUint(uint64(randInt))
+			args = append(args, newUint.Elem())
+		case "uint16":
+			randInt, err := fuzzConsumer.GetUint16()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			newUint16 := reflect.New(v)
+			newUint16.Elem().SetUint(uint64(randInt))
+			args = append(args, newUint16.Elem())
+		case "uint32":
+			randInt, err := fuzzConsumer.GetUint32()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			newUint32 := reflect.New(v)
+			newUint32.Elem().SetUint(uint64(randInt))
+			args = append(args, newUint32.Elem())
+		case "uint64":
+			randInt, err := fuzzConsumer.GetUint64()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			newUint64 := reflect.New(v)
+			newUint64.Elem().SetUint(uint64(randInt))
+			args = append(args, newUint64.Elem())
+		case "rune":
+			randRune, err := fuzzConsumer.GetRune()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			newRune := reflect.New(v)
+			newRune.Elem().Set(reflect.ValueOf(randRune))
+			args = append(args, newRune.Elem())
+		case "float32":
+			randFloat, err := fuzzConsumer.GetFloat32()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			newFloat := reflect.New(v)
+			newFloat.Elem().Set(reflect.ValueOf(randFloat))
+			args = append(args, newFloat.Elem())
+		case "float64":
+			randFloat, err := fuzzConsumer.GetFloat64()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			newFloat := reflect.New(v)
+			newFloat.Elem().Set(reflect.ValueOf(randFloat))
+			args = append(args, newFloat.Elem())
+		case "bool":
+			randBool, err := fuzzConsumer.GetBool()
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			newBool := reflect.New(v)
+			newBool.Elem().Set(reflect.ValueOf(randBool))
+			args = append(args, newBool.Elem())
+		default:
+			fmt.Println(v.String())
+		}
+	}
+	fn.Call(args)
+}
+func (f *F) Helper() {}
+func (c *F) Log(args ...any) {
+	fmt.Println(args...)
+}
+func (c *F) Logf(format string, args ...any) {
+	fmt.Println(format, args)
+}
+func (c *F) Name() string             { return "libFuzzer" }
+func (c *F) Setenv(key, value string) {}
+func (c *F) Skip(args ...any) {
+	panic("GO-FUZZ-BUILD-PANIC")
+}
+func (c *F) SkipNow() {
+	panic("GO-FUZZ-BUILD-PANIC")
+}
+func (c *F) Skipf(format string, args ...any) {
+	panic("GO-FUZZ-BUILD-PANIC")
+}
+func (f *F) Skipped() bool { return false }
+
+func (f *F) TempDir() string {
+	dir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "fuzzdir-")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	f.T.TempDirs = append(f.T.TempDirs, dir)
+
+	return dir
+}

vendor/github.com/AdamKorcz/go-118-fuzz-build/testing/t.go

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package testing
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// T can be used to terminate the current fuzz iteration
+// without terminating the whole fuzz run. To do so, simply
+// panic with the text "GO-FUZZ-BUILD-PANIC" and the fuzzer
+// will recover.
+type T struct {
+	TempDirs []string
+}
+
+func NewT() *T {
+	tempDirs := make([]string, 0)
+	return &T{TempDirs: tempDirs}
+}
+
+func unsupportedApi(name string) string {
+	plsOpenIss := "Please open an issue https://github.com/AdamKorcz/go-118-fuzz-build if you need this feature."
+	var b strings.Builder
+	b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%s is not supported when fuzzing in libFuzzer mode\n.", name))
+	b.WriteString(plsOpenIss)
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+func (t *T) Cleanup(f func()) {
+	f()
+}
+
+func (t *T) Deadline() (deadline time.Time, ok bool) {
+	panic(unsupportedApi("t.Deadline()"))
+}
+
+func (t *T) Error(args ...any) {
+	fmt.Println(args...)
+	panic("error")
+}
+
+func (t *T) Errorf(format string, args ...any) {
+	fmt.Printf(format+"\n", args...)
+	panic("errorf")
+}
+
+func (t *T) Fail() {
+	panic("Called T.Fail()")
+}
+
+func (t *T) FailNow() {
+	panic("Called T.Fail()")
+	panic(unsupportedApi("t.FailNow()"))
+}
+
+func (t *T) Failed() bool {
+	panic(unsupportedApi("t.Failed()"))
+}
+
+func (t *T) Fatal(args ...any) {
+	fmt.Println(args...)
+	panic("fatal")
+}
+func (t *T) Fatalf(format string, args ...any) {
+	fmt.Printf(format+"\n", args...)
+	panic("fatal")
+}
+func (t *T) Helper() {
+	// We can't support it, but it also just impacts how failures are reported, so we can ignore it
+}
+func (t *T) Log(args ...any) {
+	fmt.Println(args...)
+}
+
+func (t *T) Logf(format string, args ...any) {
+	fmt.Println(format)
+	fmt.Println(args...)
+}
+
+func (t *T) Name() string {
+	return "libFuzzer"
+}
+
+func (t *T) Parallel() {
+	panic(unsupportedApi("t.Parallel()"))
+}
+func (t *T) Run(name string, f func(t *T)) bool {
+	panic(unsupportedApi("t.Run()"))
+}
+
+func (t *T) Setenv(key, value string) {
+
+}
+
+func (t *T) Skip(args ...any) {
+	panic("GO-FUZZ-BUILD-PANIC")
+}
+func (t *T) SkipNow() {
+	panic("GO-FUZZ-BUILD-PANIC")
+}
+
+// Is not really supported. We just skip instead
+// of printing any message. A log message can be
+// added if need be.
+func (t *T) Skipf(format string, args ...any) {
+	panic("GO-FUZZ-BUILD-PANIC")
+}
+func (t *T) Skipped() bool {
+	panic(unsupportedApi("t.Skipped()"))
+}
+func (t *T) TempDir() string {
+	dir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "fuzzdir-")
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	t.TempDirs = append(t.TempDirs, dir)
+
+	return dir
+}
+
+func (t *T) CleanupTempDirs() {
+	if len(t.TempDirs) > 0 {
+		for _, tempDir := range t.TempDirs {
+			os.RemoveAll(tempDir)
+		}
+	}
+}

vendor/github.com/AdamKorcz/go-118-fuzz-build/testing/unsupported_funcs.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package testing
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func AllocsPerRun(runs int, f func()) (avg float64) {
+	panic(unsupportedApi("testing.AllocsPerRun"))
+}
+func CoverMode() string {
+	panic(unsupportedApi("testing.CoverMode"))
+}
+func Coverage() float64 {
+	panic(unsupportedApi("testing.Coverage"))	
+}
+func Init() {
+	panic(unsupportedApi("testing.Init"))
+
+}
+func RegisterCover(c testing.Cover) {
+	panic(unsupportedApi("testing.RegisterCover"))
+}
+func RunExamples(matchString func(pat, str string) (bool, error), examples []testing.InternalExample) (ok bool) {
+	panic(unsupportedApi("testing.RunExamples"))
+}
+
+func RunTests(matchString func(pat, str string) (bool, error), tests []testing.InternalTest) (ok bool) {
+	panic(unsupportedApi("testing.RunTests"))
+}
+
+func Short() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func Verbose() bool {
+	panic(unsupportedApi("testing.Verbose"))
+}
+
+type M struct {}
+func (m *M) Run() (code int) {
+	panic("testing.M is not support in libFuzzer Mode")
+}

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* text=auto eol=lf

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/.gitignore

@@ -1 +1,10 @@
+.vscode/
+
 *.exe
+
+# testing
+testdata
+
+# go workspaces
+go.work
+go.work.sum

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/.golangci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+linters:
+  enable:
+    # style
+    - containedctx # struct contains a context
+    - dupl # duplicate code
+    - errname # erorrs are named correctly
+    - nolintlint # "//nolint" directives are properly explained
+    - revive # golint replacement
+    - unconvert # unnecessary conversions
+    - wastedassign
+
+    # bugs, performance, unused, etc ...
+    - contextcheck # function uses a non-inherited context
+    - errorlint # errors not wrapped for 1.13
+    - exhaustive # check exhaustiveness of enum switch statements
+    - gofmt # files are gofmt'ed
+    - gosec # security
+    - nilerr # returns nil even with non-nil error
+    - thelper #  test helpers without t.Helper()
+    - unparam # unused function params
+
+issues:
+  exclude-dirs:
+    - pkg/etw/sample
+
+  exclude-rules:
+    # err is very often shadowed in nested scopes
+    - linters:
+        - govet
+      text: '^shadow: declaration of "err" shadows declaration'
+
+    # ignore long lines for skip autogen directives
+    - linters:
+        - revive
+      text: "^line-length-limit: "
+      source: "^//(go:generate|sys) "
+
+    #TODO: remove after upgrading to go1.18
+    # ignore comment spacing for nolint and sys directives
+    - linters:
+        - revive
+      text: "^comment-spacings: no space between comment delimiter and comment text"
+      source: "//(cspell:|nolint:|sys |todo)"
+
+    # not on go 1.18 yet, so no any
+    - linters:
+        - revive
+      text: "^use-any: since GO 1.18 'interface{}' can be replaced by 'any'"
+
+    # allow unjustified ignores of error checks in defer statements
+    - linters:
+        - nolintlint
+      text: "^directive `//nolint:errcheck` should provide explanation"
+      source: '^\s*defer '
+
+    # allow unjustified ignores of error lints for io.EOF
+    - linters:
+        - nolintlint
+      text: "^directive `//nolint:errorlint` should provide explanation"
+      source: '[=|!]= io.EOF'
+
+
+linters-settings:
+  exhaustive:
+    default-signifies-exhaustive: true
+  govet:
+    enable-all: true
+    disable:
+      # struct order is often for Win32 compat
+      # also, ignore pointer bytes/GC issues for now until performance becomes an issue
+      - fieldalignment
+  nolintlint:
+    require-explanation: true
+    require-specific: true
+  revive:
+    # revive is more configurable than static check, so likely the preferred alternative to static-check
+    # (once the perf issue is solved: https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/issues/2997)
+    enable-all-rules:
+      true
+      # https://github.com/mgechev/revive/blob/master/RULES_DESCRIPTIONS.md
+    rules:
+      # rules with required arguments
+      - name: argument-limit
+        disabled: true
+      - name: banned-characters
+        disabled: true
+      - name: cognitive-complexity
+        disabled: true
+      - name: cyclomatic
+        disabled: true
+      - name: file-header
+        disabled: true
+      - name: function-length
+        disabled: true
+      - name: function-result-limit
+        disabled: true
+      - name: max-public-structs
+        disabled: true
+      # geneally annoying rules
+      - name: add-constant # complains about any and all strings and integers
+        disabled: true
+      - name: confusing-naming # we frequently use "Foo()" and "foo()" together
+        disabled: true
+      - name: flag-parameter # excessive, and a common idiom we use
+        disabled: true
+      - name: unhandled-error # warns over common fmt.Print* and io.Close; rely on errcheck instead
+        disabled: true
+      # general config
+      - name: line-length-limit
+        arguments:
+          - 140
+      - name: var-naming
+        arguments:
+          - []
+          - - CID
+            - CRI
+            - CTRD
+            - DACL
+            - DLL
+            - DOS
+            - ETW
+            - FSCTL
+            - GCS
+            - GMSA
+            - HCS
+            - HV
+            - IO
+            - LCOW
+            - LDAP
+            - LPAC
+            - LTSC
+            - MMIO
+            - NT
+            - OCI
+            - PMEM
+            - PWSH
+            - RX
+            - SACl
+            - SID
+            - SMB
+            - TX
+            - VHD
+            - VHDX
+            - VMID
+            - VPCI
+            - WCOW
+            - WIM

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+  * @microsoft/containerplat

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/README.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# go-winio
+# go-winio [![Build Status](https://github.com/microsoft/go-winio/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/microsoft/go-winio/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
 
 This repository contains utilities for efficiently performing Win32 IO operations in
 Go. Currently, this is focused on accessing named pipes and other file handles, and
@@ -11,12 +11,79 @@ package.
 
 Please see the LICENSE file for licensing information.
 
-This project has adopted the [Microsoft Open Source Code of
-Conduct](https://opensource.microsoft.com/codeofconduct/). For more information
-see the [Code of Conduct
-FAQ](https://opensource.microsoft.com/codeofconduct/faq/) or contact
-[opencode@microsoft.com](mailto:opencode@microsoft.com) with any additional
-questions or comments.
+## Contributing
 
-Thanks to natefinch for the inspiration for this library. See https://github.com/natefinch/npipe
-for another named pipe implementation.
+This project welcomes contributions and suggestions.
+Most contributions require you to agree to a Contributor License Agreement (CLA) declaring that
+you have the right to, and actually do, grant us the rights to use your contribution.
+For details, visit [Microsoft CLA](https://cla.microsoft.com).
+
+When you submit a pull request, a CLA-bot will automatically determine whether you need to
+provide a CLA and decorate the PR appropriately (e.g., label, comment).
+Simply follow the instructions provided by the bot.
+You will only need to do this once across all repos using our CLA.
+
+Additionally, the pull request pipeline requires the following steps to be performed before
+mergining.
+
+### Code Sign-Off
+
+We require that contributors sign their commits using [`git commit --signoff`][git-commit-s]
+to certify they either authored the work themselves or otherwise have permission to use it in this project.
+
+A range of commits can be signed off using [`git rebase --signoff`][git-rebase-s].
+
+Please see [the developer certificate](https://developercertificate.org) for more info,
+as well as to make sure that you can attest to the rules listed.
+Our CI uses the DCO Github app to ensure that all commits in a given PR are signed-off.
+
+### Linting
+
+Code must pass a linting stage, which uses [`golangci-lint`][lint].
+The linting settings are stored in [`.golangci.yaml`](./.golangci.yaml), and can be run
+automatically with VSCode by adding the following to your workspace or folder settings:
+
+```json
+    "go.lintTool": "golangci-lint",
+    "go.lintOnSave": "package",
+```
+
+Additional editor [integrations options are also available][lint-ide].
+
+Alternatively, `golangci-lint` can be [installed locally][lint-install] and run from the repo root:
+
+```shell
+# use . or specify a path to only lint a package
+# to show all lint errors, use flags "--max-issues-per-linter=0 --max-same-issues=0"
+> golangci-lint run ./...
+```
+
+### Go Generate
+
+The pipeline checks that auto-generated code, via `go generate`, are up to date.
+
+This can be done for the entire repo:
+
+```shell
+> go generate ./...
+```
+
+## Code of Conduct
+
+This project has adopted the [Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct](https://opensource.microsoft.com/codeofconduct/).
+For more information see the [Code of Conduct FAQ](https://opensource.microsoft.com/codeofconduct/faq/) or
+contact [opencode@microsoft.com](mailto:opencode@microsoft.com) with any additional questions or comments.
+
+## Special Thanks
+
+Thanks to [natefinch][natefinch] for the inspiration for this library.
+See [npipe](https://github.com/natefinch/npipe) for another named pipe implementation.
+
+[lint]: https://golangci-lint.run/
+[lint-ide]: https://golangci-lint.run/usage/integrations/#editor-integration
+[lint-install]: https://golangci-lint.run/usage/install/#local-installation
+
+[git-commit-s]: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit#Documentation/git-commit.txt--s
+[git-rebase-s]: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-rebase#Documentation/git-rebase.txt---signoff
+
+[natefinch]: https://github.com/natefinch

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+<!-- BEGIN MICROSOFT SECURITY.MD V0.0.7 BLOCK -->
+
+## Security
+
+Microsoft takes the security of our software products and services seriously, which includes all source code repositories managed through our GitHub organizations, which include [Microsoft](https://github.com/Microsoft), [Azure](https://github.com/Azure), [DotNet](https://github.com/dotnet), [AspNet](https://github.com/aspnet), [Xamarin](https://github.com/xamarin), and [our GitHub organizations](https://opensource.microsoft.com/).
+
+If you believe you have found a security vulnerability in any Microsoft-owned repository that meets [Microsoft's definition of a security vulnerability](https://aka.ms/opensource/security/definition), please report it to us as described below.
+
+## Reporting Security Issues
+
+**Please do not report security vulnerabilities through public GitHub issues.**
+
+Instead, please report them to the Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) at [https://msrc.microsoft.com/create-report](https://aka.ms/opensource/security/create-report).
+
+If you prefer to submit without logging in, send email to [secure@microsoft.com](mailto:secure@microsoft.com).  If possible, encrypt your message with our PGP key; please download it from the [Microsoft Security Response Center PGP Key page](https://aka.ms/opensource/security/pgpkey).
+
+You should receive a response within 24 hours. If for some reason you do not, please follow up via email to ensure we received your original message. Additional information can be found at [microsoft.com/msrc](https://aka.ms/opensource/security/msrc). 
+
+Please include the requested information listed below (as much as you can provide) to help us better understand the nature and scope of the possible issue:
+
+  * Type of issue (e.g. buffer overflow, SQL injection, cross-site scripting, etc.)
+  * Full paths of source file(s) related to the manifestation of the issue
+  * The location of the affected source code (tag/branch/commit or direct URL)
+  * Any special configuration required to reproduce the issue
+  * Step-by-step instructions to reproduce the issue
+  * Proof-of-concept or exploit code (if possible)
+  * Impact of the issue, including how an attacker might exploit the issue
+
+This information will help us triage your report more quickly.
+
+If you are reporting for a bug bounty, more complete reports can contribute to a higher bounty award. Please visit our [Microsoft Bug Bounty Program](https://aka.ms/opensource/security/bounty) page for more details about our active programs.
+
+## Preferred Languages
+
+We prefer all communications to be in English.
+
+## Policy
+
+Microsoft follows the principle of [Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure](https://aka.ms/opensource/security/cvd).
+
+<!-- END MICROSOFT SECURITY.MD BLOCK -->

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/backup.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+//go:build windows
 // +build windows
 
 package winio
@@ -7,15 +8,16 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
-	"syscall"
 	"unicode/utf16"
+
+	"github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/internal/fs"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
 )
 
-//sys backupRead(h syscall.Handle, b []byte, bytesRead *uint32, abort bool, processSecurity bool, context *uintptr) (err error) = BackupRead
-//sys backupWrite(h syscall.Handle, b []byte, bytesWritten *uint32, abort bool, processSecurity bool, context *uintptr) (err error) = BackupWrite
+//sys backupRead(h windows.Handle, b []byte, bytesRead *uint32, abort bool, processSecurity bool, context *uintptr) (err error) = BackupRead
+//sys backupWrite(h windows.Handle, b []byte, bytesWritten *uint32, abort bool, processSecurity bool, context *uintptr) (err error) = BackupWrite
 
 const (
 	BackupData = uint32(iota + 1)
@@ -24,7 +26,7 @@ const (
 	BackupAlternateData
 	BackupLink
 	BackupPropertyData
-	BackupObjectId
+	BackupObjectId //revive:disable-line:var-naming ID, not Id
 	BackupReparseData
 	BackupSparseBlock
 	BackupTxfsData
@@ -34,14 +36,16 @@ const (
 	StreamSparseAttributes = uint32(8)
 )
 
+//nolint:revive // var-naming: ALL_CAPS
 const (
-	WRITE_DAC              = 0x40000
-	WRITE_OWNER            = 0x80000
-	ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY = 0x1000000
+	WRITE_DAC              = windows.WRITE_DAC
+	WRITE_OWNER            = windows.WRITE_OWNER
+	ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY = windows.ACCESS_SYSTEM_SECURITY
 )
 
 // BackupHeader represents a backup stream of a file.
 type BackupHeader struct {
+	//revive:disable-next-line:var-naming ID, not Id
 	Id         uint32 // The backup stream ID
 	Attributes uint32 // Stream attributes
 	Size       int64  // The size of the stream in bytes
@@ -49,8 +53,8 @@ type BackupHeader struct {
 	Offset     int64  // The offset of the stream in the file (for BackupSparseBlock only).
 }
 
-type win32StreamId struct {
-	StreamId   uint32
+type win32StreamID struct {
+	StreamID   uint32
 	Attributes uint32
 	Size       uint64
 	NameSize   uint32
@@ -71,7 +75,7 @@ func NewBackupStreamReader(r io.Reader) *BackupStreamReader {
 // Next returns the next backup stream and prepares for calls to Read(). It skips the remainder of the current stream if
 // it was not completely read.
 func (r *BackupStreamReader) Next() (*BackupHeader, error) {
-	if r.bytesLeft > 0 {
+	if r.bytesLeft > 0 { //nolint:nestif // todo: flatten this
 		if s, ok := r.r.(io.Seeker); ok {
 			// Make sure Seek on io.SeekCurrent sometimes succeeds
 			// before trying the actual seek.
@@ -82,16 +86,16 @@ func (r *BackupStreamReader) Next() (*BackupHeader, error) {
 				r.bytesLeft = 0
 			}
 		}
-		if _, err := io.Copy(ioutil.Discard, r); err != nil {
+		if _, err := io.Copy(io.Discard, r); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
-	var wsi win32StreamId
+	var wsi win32StreamID
 	if err := binary.Read(r.r, binary.LittleEndian, &wsi); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	hdr := &BackupHeader{
-		Id:         wsi.StreamId,
+		Id:         wsi.StreamID,
 		Attributes: wsi.Attributes,
 		Size:       int64(wsi.Size),
 	}
@@ -100,9 +104,9 @@ func (r *BackupStreamReader) Next() (*BackupHeader, error) {
 		if err := binary.Read(r.r, binary.LittleEndian, name); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		hdr.Name = syscall.UTF16ToString(name)
+		hdr.Name = windows.UTF16ToString(name)
 	}
-	if wsi.StreamId == BackupSparseBlock {
+	if wsi.StreamID == BackupSparseBlock {
 		if err := binary.Read(r.r, binary.LittleEndian, &hdr.Offset); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -147,8 +151,8 @@ func (w *BackupStreamWriter) WriteHeader(hdr *BackupHeader) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("missing %d bytes", w.bytesLeft)
 	}
 	name := utf16.Encode([]rune(hdr.Name))
-	wsi := win32StreamId{
-		StreamId:   hdr.Id,
+	wsi := win32StreamID{
+		StreamID:   hdr.Id,
 		Attributes: hdr.Attributes,
 		Size:       uint64(hdr.Size),
 		NameSize:   uint32(len(name) * 2),
@@ -201,9 +205,9 @@ func NewBackupFileReader(f *os.File, includeSecurity bool) *BackupFileReader {
 // Read reads a backup stream from the file by calling the Win32 API BackupRead().
 func (r *BackupFileReader) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
 	var bytesRead uint32
-	err := backupRead(syscall.Handle(r.f.Fd()), b, &bytesRead, false, r.includeSecurity, &r.ctx)
+	err := backupRead(windows.Handle(r.f.Fd()), b, &bytesRead, false, r.includeSecurity, &r.ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, &os.PathError{"BackupRead", r.f.Name(), err}
+		return 0, &os.PathError{Op: "BackupRead", Path: r.f.Name(), Err: err}
 	}
 	runtime.KeepAlive(r.f)
 	if bytesRead == 0 {
@@ -216,7 +220,7 @@ func (r *BackupFileReader) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
 // the underlying file.
 func (r *BackupFileReader) Close() error {
 	if r.ctx != 0 {
-		backupRead(syscall.Handle(r.f.Fd()), nil, nil, true, false, &r.ctx)
+		_ = backupRead(windows.Handle(r.f.Fd()), nil, nil, true, false, &r.ctx)
 		runtime.KeepAlive(r.f)
 		r.ctx = 0
 	}
@@ -240,9 +244,9 @@ func NewBackupFileWriter(f *os.File, includeSecurity bool) *BackupFileWriter {
 // Write restores a portion of the file using the provided backup stream.
 func (w *BackupFileWriter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
 	var bytesWritten uint32
-	err := backupWrite(syscall.Handle(w.f.Fd()), b, &bytesWritten, false, w.includeSecurity, &w.ctx)
+	err := backupWrite(windows.Handle(w.f.Fd()), b, &bytesWritten, false, w.includeSecurity, &w.ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return 0, &os.PathError{"BackupWrite", w.f.Name(), err}
+		return 0, &os.PathError{Op: "BackupWrite", Path: w.f.Name(), Err: err}
 	}
 	runtime.KeepAlive(w.f)
 	if int(bytesWritten) != len(b) {
@@ -255,7 +259,7 @@ func (w *BackupFileWriter) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
 // close the underlying file.
 func (w *BackupFileWriter) Close() error {
 	if w.ctx != 0 {
-		backupWrite(syscall.Handle(w.f.Fd()), nil, nil, true, false, &w.ctx)
+		_ = backupWrite(windows.Handle(w.f.Fd()), nil, nil, true, false, &w.ctx)
 		runtime.KeepAlive(w.f)
 		w.ctx = 0
 	}
@@ -267,11 +271,14 @@ func (w *BackupFileWriter) Close() error {
 //
 // If the file opened was a directory, it cannot be used with Readdir().
 func OpenForBackup(path string, access uint32, share uint32, createmode uint32) (*os.File, error) {
-	winPath, err := syscall.UTF16FromString(path)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	h, err := syscall.CreateFile(&winPath[0], access, share, nil, createmode, syscall.FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS|syscall.FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT, 0)
+	h, err := fs.CreateFile(path,
+		fs.AccessMask(access),
+		fs.FileShareMode(share),
+		nil,
+		fs.FileCreationDisposition(createmode),
+		fs.FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS|fs.FILE_FLAG_OPEN_REPARSE_POINT,
+		0,
+	)
 	if err != nil {
 		err = &os.PathError{Op: "open", Path: path, Err: err}
 		return nil, err

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/backuptar/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// This file only exists to allow go get on non-Windows platforms.
+
+package backuptar

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/backuptar/strconv.go

@@ -1,34 +1,18 @@
-// +build windows
+//go:build windows
 
-/*
-   Copyright The containerd Authors.
-
-   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-   You may obtain a copy of the License at
-
-       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-
-   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-   limitations under the License.
-*/
-
-package archive
+package backuptar
 
 import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
-
-	"archive/tar"
 )
 
-// Forked from https://github.com/golang/go/blob/master/src/archive/tar/strconv.go
-// as archive/tar doesn't support CreationTime, but does handle PAX time parsing,
-// and there's no need to re-invent the wheel.
+// Functions copied from https://github.com/golang/go/blob/master/src/archive/tar/strconv.go
+// as we need to manage the LIBARCHIVE.creationtime PAXRecord manually.
+// Idea taken from containerd which did the same thing.
 
 // parsePAXTime takes a string of the form %d.%d as described in the PAX
 // specification. Note that this implementation allows for negative timestamps,
@@ -62,7 +46,25 @@ func parsePAXTime(s string) (time.Time, error) {
 	}
 	nsecs, _ := strconv.ParseInt(sn, 10, 64) // Must succeed
 	if len(ss) > 0 && ss[0] == '-' {
-		return time.Unix(secs, -nsecs), nil // Negative correction
+		return time.Unix(secs, -1*nsecs), nil // Negative correction
 	}
 	return time.Unix(secs, nsecs), nil
 }
+
+// formatPAXTime converts ts into a time of the form %d.%d as described in the
+// PAX specification. This function is capable of negative timestamps.
+func formatPAXTime(ts time.Time) (s string) {
+	secs, nsecs := ts.Unix(), ts.Nanosecond()
+	if nsecs == 0 {
+		return strconv.FormatInt(secs, 10)
+	}
+
+	// If seconds is negative, then perform correction.
+	sign := ""
+	if secs < 0 {
+		sign = "-"             // Remember sign
+		secs = -(secs + 1)     // Add a second to secs
+		nsecs = -(nsecs - 1e9) // Take that second away from nsecs
+	}
+	return strings.TrimRight(fmt.Sprintf("%s%d.%09d", sign, secs, nsecs), "0")
+}

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/backuptar/tar.go

@@ -0,0 +1,508 @@
+//go:build windows
+// +build windows
+
+package backuptar
+
+import (
+	"archive/tar"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/Microsoft/go-winio"
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
+)
+
+//nolint:deadcode,varcheck // keep unused constants for potential future use
+const (
+	cISUID  = 0004000 // Set uid
+	cISGID  = 0002000 // Set gid
+	cISVTX  = 0001000 // Save text (sticky bit)
+	cISDIR  = 0040000 // Directory
+	cISFIFO = 0010000 // FIFO
+	cISREG  = 0100000 // Regular file
+	cISLNK  = 0120000 // Symbolic link
+	cISBLK  = 0060000 // Block special file
+	cISCHR  = 0020000 // Character special file
+	cISSOCK = 0140000 // Socket
+)
+
+const (
+	hdrFileAttributes        = "MSWINDOWS.fileattr"
+	hdrSecurityDescriptor    = "MSWINDOWS.sd"
+	hdrRawSecurityDescriptor = "MSWINDOWS.rawsd"
+	hdrMountPoint            = "MSWINDOWS.mountpoint"
+	hdrEaPrefix              = "MSWINDOWS.xattr."
+
+	hdrCreationTime = "LIBARCHIVE.creationtime"
+)
+
+// zeroReader is an io.Reader that always returns 0s.
+type zeroReader struct{}
+
+func (zeroReader) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	for i := range b {
+		b[i] = 0
+	}
+	return len(b), nil
+}
+
+func copySparse(t *tar.Writer, br *winio.BackupStreamReader) error {
+	curOffset := int64(0)
+	for {
+		bhdr, err := br.Next()
+		if err == io.EOF { //nolint:errorlint
+			err = io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if bhdr.Id != winio.BackupSparseBlock {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected stream %d", bhdr.Id)
+		}
+
+		// We can't seek backwards, since we have already written that data to the tar.Writer.
+		if bhdr.Offset < curOffset {
+			return fmt.Errorf("cannot seek back from %d to %d", curOffset, bhdr.Offset)
+		}
+		// archive/tar does not support writing sparse files
+		// so just write zeroes to catch up to the current offset.
+		if _, err = io.CopyN(t, zeroReader{}, bhdr.Offset-curOffset); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("seek to offset %d: %w", bhdr.Offset, err)
+		}
+		if bhdr.Size == 0 {
+			// A sparse block with size = 0 is used to mark the end of the sparse blocks.
+			break
+		}
+		n, err := io.Copy(t, br)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if n != bhdr.Size {
+			return fmt.Errorf("copied %d bytes instead of %d at offset %d", n, bhdr.Size, bhdr.Offset)
+		}
+		curOffset = bhdr.Offset + n
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// BasicInfoHeader creates a tar header from basic file information.
+func BasicInfoHeader(name string, size int64, fileInfo *winio.FileBasicInfo) *tar.Header {
+	hdr := &tar.Header{
+		Format:     tar.FormatPAX,
+		Name:       filepath.ToSlash(name),
+		Size:       size,
+		Typeflag:   tar.TypeReg,
+		ModTime:    time.Unix(0, fileInfo.LastWriteTime.Nanoseconds()),
+		ChangeTime: time.Unix(0, fileInfo.ChangeTime.Nanoseconds()),
+		AccessTime: time.Unix(0, fileInfo.LastAccessTime.Nanoseconds()),
+		PAXRecords: make(map[string]string),
+	}
+	hdr.PAXRecords[hdrFileAttributes] = fmt.Sprintf("%d", fileInfo.FileAttributes)
+	hdr.PAXRecords[hdrCreationTime] = formatPAXTime(time.Unix(0, fileInfo.CreationTime.Nanoseconds()))
+
+	if (fileInfo.FileAttributes & windows.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) != 0 {
+		hdr.Mode |= cISDIR
+		hdr.Size = 0
+		hdr.Typeflag = tar.TypeDir
+	}
+	return hdr
+}
+
+// SecurityDescriptorFromTarHeader reads the SDDL associated with the header of the current file
+// from the tar header and returns the security descriptor into a byte slice.
+func SecurityDescriptorFromTarHeader(hdr *tar.Header) ([]byte, error) {
+	if sdraw, ok := hdr.PAXRecords[hdrRawSecurityDescriptor]; ok {
+		sd, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(sdraw)
+		if err != nil {
+			// Not returning sd as-is in the error-case, as base64.DecodeString
+			// may return partially decoded data (not nil or empty slice) in case
+			// of a failure: https://github.com/golang/go/blob/go1.17.7/src/encoding/base64/base64.go#L382-L387
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return sd, nil
+	}
+	// Maintaining old SDDL-based behavior for backward compatibility. All new
+	// tar headers written by this library will have raw binary for the security
+	// descriptor.
+	if sddl, ok := hdr.PAXRecords[hdrSecurityDescriptor]; ok {
+		return winio.SddlToSecurityDescriptor(sddl)
+	}
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// ExtendedAttributesFromTarHeader reads the EAs associated with the header of the
+// current file from the tar header and returns it as a byte slice.
+func ExtendedAttributesFromTarHeader(hdr *tar.Header) ([]byte, error) {
+	var eas []winio.ExtendedAttribute //nolint:prealloc // len(eas) <= len(hdr.PAXRecords); prealloc is wasteful
+	for k, v := range hdr.PAXRecords {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(k, hdrEaPrefix) {
+			continue
+		}
+		data, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(v)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		eas = append(eas, winio.ExtendedAttribute{
+			Name:  k[len(hdrEaPrefix):],
+			Value: data,
+		})
+	}
+	var eaData []byte
+	var err error
+	if len(eas) != 0 {
+		eaData, err = winio.EncodeExtendedAttributes(eas)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return eaData, nil
+}
+
+// EncodeReparsePointFromTarHeader reads the ReparsePoint structure from the tar header
+// and encodes it into a byte slice. The file for which this function is called must be a
+// symlink.
+func EncodeReparsePointFromTarHeader(hdr *tar.Header) []byte {
+	_, isMountPoint := hdr.PAXRecords[hdrMountPoint]
+	rp := winio.ReparsePoint{
+		Target:       filepath.FromSlash(hdr.Linkname),
+		IsMountPoint: isMountPoint,
+	}
+	return winio.EncodeReparsePoint(&rp)
+}
+
+// WriteTarFileFromBackupStream writes a file to a tar writer using data from a Win32 backup stream.
+//
+// This encodes Win32 metadata as tar pax vendor extensions starting with MSWINDOWS.
+//
+// The additional Win32 metadata is:
+//
+//   - MSWINDOWS.fileattr: The Win32 file attributes, as a decimal value
+//   - MSWINDOWS.rawsd: The Win32 security descriptor, in raw binary format
+//   - MSWINDOWS.mountpoint: If present, this is a mount point and not a symlink, even though the type is '2' (symlink)
+func WriteTarFileFromBackupStream(t *tar.Writer, r io.Reader, name string, size int64, fileInfo *winio.FileBasicInfo) error {
+	name = filepath.ToSlash(name)
+	hdr := BasicInfoHeader(name, size, fileInfo)
+
+	// If r can be seeked, then this function is two-pass: pass 1 collects the
+	// tar header data, and pass 2 copies the data stream. If r cannot be
+	// seeked, then some header data (in particular EAs) will be silently lost.
+	var (
+		restartPos int64
+		err        error
+	)
+	sr, readTwice := r.(io.Seeker)
+	if readTwice {
+		if restartPos, err = sr.Seek(0, io.SeekCurrent); err != nil {
+			readTwice = false
+		}
+	}
+
+	br := winio.NewBackupStreamReader(r)
+	var dataHdr *winio.BackupHeader
+	for dataHdr == nil {
+		bhdr, err := br.Next()
+		if err == io.EOF { //nolint:errorlint
+			break
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		switch bhdr.Id {
+		case winio.BackupData:
+			hdr.Mode |= cISREG
+			if !readTwice {
+				dataHdr = bhdr
+			}
+		case winio.BackupSecurity:
+			sd, err := io.ReadAll(br)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			hdr.PAXRecords[hdrRawSecurityDescriptor] = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(sd)
+
+		case winio.BackupReparseData:
+			hdr.Mode |= cISLNK
+			hdr.Typeflag = tar.TypeSymlink
+			reparseBuffer, _ := io.ReadAll(br)
+			rp, err := winio.DecodeReparsePoint(reparseBuffer)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if rp.IsMountPoint {
+				hdr.PAXRecords[hdrMountPoint] = "1"
+			}
+			hdr.Linkname = rp.Target
+
+		case winio.BackupEaData:
+			eab, err := io.ReadAll(br)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			eas, err := winio.DecodeExtendedAttributes(eab)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			for _, ea := range eas {
+				// Use base64 encoding for the binary value. Note that there
+				// is no way to encode the EA's flags, since their use doesn't
+				// make any sense for persisted EAs.
+				hdr.PAXRecords[hdrEaPrefix+ea.Name] = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(ea.Value)
+			}
+
+		case winio.BackupAlternateData, winio.BackupLink, winio.BackupPropertyData, winio.BackupObjectId, winio.BackupTxfsData:
+			// ignore these streams
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s: unknown stream ID %d", name, bhdr.Id)
+		}
+	}
+
+	err = t.WriteHeader(hdr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if readTwice {
+		// Get back to the data stream.
+		if _, err = sr.Seek(restartPos, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for dataHdr == nil {
+			bhdr, err := br.Next()
+			if err == io.EOF { //nolint:errorlint
+				break
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if bhdr.Id == winio.BackupData {
+				dataHdr = bhdr
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// The logic for copying file contents is fairly complicated due to the need for handling sparse files,
+	// and the weird ways they are represented by BackupRead. A normal file will always either have a data stream
+	// with size and content, or no data stream at all (if empty). However, for a sparse file, the content can also
+	// be represented using a series of sparse block streams following the data stream. Additionally, the way sparse
+	// files are handled by BackupRead has changed in the OS recently. The specifics of the representation are described
+	// in the list at the bottom of this block comment.
+	//
+	// Sparse files can be represented in four different ways, based on the specifics of the file.
+	// - Size = 0:
+	//     Previously: BackupRead yields no data stream and no sparse block streams.
+	//     Recently: BackupRead yields a data stream with size = 0. There are no following sparse block streams.
+	// - Size > 0, no allocated ranges:
+	//     BackupRead yields a data stream with size = 0. Following is a single sparse block stream with
+	//     size = 0 and offset = <file size>.
+	// - Size > 0, one allocated range:
+	//     BackupRead yields a data stream with size = <file size> containing the file contents. There are no
+	//     sparse block streams. This is the case if you take a normal file with contents and simply set the
+	//     sparse flag on it.
+	// - Size > 0, multiple allocated ranges:
+	//     BackupRead yields a data stream with size = 0. Following are sparse block streams for each allocated
+	//     range of the file containing the range contents. Finally there is a sparse block stream with
+	//     size = 0 and offset = <file size>.
+
+	if dataHdr != nil { //nolint:nestif // todo: reduce nesting complexity
+		// A data stream was found. Copy the data.
+		// We assume that we will either have a data stream size > 0 XOR have sparse block streams.
+		if dataHdr.Size > 0 || (dataHdr.Attributes&winio.StreamSparseAttributes) == 0 {
+			if size != dataHdr.Size {
+				return fmt.Errorf("%s: mismatch between file size %d and header size %d", name, size, dataHdr.Size)
+			}
+			if _, err = io.Copy(t, br); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("%s: copying contents from data stream: %w", name, err)
+			}
+		} else if size > 0 {
+			// As of a recent OS change, BackupRead now returns a data stream for empty sparse files.
+			// These files have no sparse block streams, so skip the copySparse call if file size = 0.
+			if err = copySparse(t, br); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("%s: copying contents from sparse block stream: %w", name, err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Look for streams after the data stream. The only ones we handle are alternate data streams.
+	// Other streams may have metadata that could be serialized, but the tar header has already
+	// been written. In practice, this means that we don't get EA or TXF metadata.
+	for {
+		bhdr, err := br.Next()
+		if err == io.EOF { //nolint:errorlint
+			break
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		switch bhdr.Id {
+		case winio.BackupAlternateData:
+			if (bhdr.Attributes & winio.StreamSparseAttributes) != 0 {
+				// Unsupported for now, since the size of the alternate stream is not present
+				// in the backup stream until after the data has been read.
+				return fmt.Errorf("%s: tar of sparse alternate data streams is unsupported", name)
+			}
+			altName := strings.TrimSuffix(bhdr.Name, ":$DATA")
+			hdr = &tar.Header{
+				Format:     hdr.Format,
+				Name:       name + altName,
+				Mode:       hdr.Mode,
+				Typeflag:   tar.TypeReg,
+				Size:       bhdr.Size,
+				ModTime:    hdr.ModTime,
+				AccessTime: hdr.AccessTime,
+				ChangeTime: hdr.ChangeTime,
+			}
+			err = t.WriteHeader(hdr)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			_, err = io.Copy(t, br)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		case winio.BackupEaData, winio.BackupLink, winio.BackupPropertyData, winio.BackupObjectId, winio.BackupTxfsData:
+			// ignore these streams
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s: unknown stream ID %d after data", name, bhdr.Id)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// FileInfoFromHeader retrieves basic Win32 file information from a tar header, using the additional metadata written by
+// WriteTarFileFromBackupStream.
+func FileInfoFromHeader(hdr *tar.Header) (name string, size int64, fileInfo *winio.FileBasicInfo, err error) {
+	name = hdr.Name
+	if hdr.Typeflag == tar.TypeReg {
+		size = hdr.Size
+	}
+	fileInfo = &winio.FileBasicInfo{
+		LastAccessTime: windows.NsecToFiletime(hdr.AccessTime.UnixNano()),
+		LastWriteTime:  windows.NsecToFiletime(hdr.ModTime.UnixNano()),
+		ChangeTime:     windows.NsecToFiletime(hdr.ChangeTime.UnixNano()),
+		// Default to ModTime, we'll pull hdrCreationTime below if present
+		CreationTime: windows.NsecToFiletime(hdr.ModTime.UnixNano()),
+	}
+	if attrStr, ok := hdr.PAXRecords[hdrFileAttributes]; ok {
+		attr, err := strconv.ParseUint(attrStr, 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", 0, nil, err
+		}
+		fileInfo.FileAttributes = uint32(attr)
+	} else {
+		if hdr.Typeflag == tar.TypeDir {
+			fileInfo.FileAttributes |= windows.FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY
+		}
+	}
+	if creationTimeStr, ok := hdr.PAXRecords[hdrCreationTime]; ok {
+		creationTime, err := parsePAXTime(creationTimeStr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", 0, nil, err
+		}
+		fileInfo.CreationTime = windows.NsecToFiletime(creationTime.UnixNano())
+	}
+	return name, size, fileInfo, err
+}
+
+// WriteBackupStreamFromTarFile writes a Win32 backup stream from the current tar file. Since this function may process multiple
+// tar file entries in order to collect all the alternate data streams for the file, it returns the next
+// tar file that was not processed, or io.EOF is there are no more.
+func WriteBackupStreamFromTarFile(w io.Writer, t *tar.Reader, hdr *tar.Header) (*tar.Header, error) {
+	bw := winio.NewBackupStreamWriter(w)
+
+	sd, err := SecurityDescriptorFromTarHeader(hdr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(sd) != 0 {
+		bhdr := winio.BackupHeader{
+			Id:   winio.BackupSecurity,
+			Size: int64(len(sd)),
+		}
+		err := bw.WriteHeader(&bhdr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		_, err = bw.Write(sd)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	eadata, err := ExtendedAttributesFromTarHeader(hdr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(eadata) != 0 {
+		bhdr := winio.BackupHeader{
+			Id:   winio.BackupEaData,
+			Size: int64(len(eadata)),
+		}
+		err = bw.WriteHeader(&bhdr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		_, err = bw.Write(eadata)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if hdr.Typeflag == tar.TypeSymlink {
+		reparse := EncodeReparsePointFromTarHeader(hdr)
+		bhdr := winio.BackupHeader{
+			Id:   winio.BackupReparseData,
+			Size: int64(len(reparse)),
+		}
+		err := bw.WriteHeader(&bhdr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		_, err = bw.Write(reparse)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	if hdr.Typeflag == tar.TypeReg {
+		bhdr := winio.BackupHeader{
+			Id:   winio.BackupData,
+			Size: hdr.Size,
+		}
+		err := bw.WriteHeader(&bhdr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		_, err = io.Copy(bw, t)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	// Copy all the alternate data streams and return the next non-ADS header.
+	for {
+		ahdr, err := t.Next()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if ahdr.Typeflag != tar.TypeReg || !strings.HasPrefix(ahdr.Name, hdr.Name+":") {
+			return ahdr, nil
+		}
+		bhdr := winio.BackupHeader{
+			Id:   winio.BackupAlternateData,
+			Size: ahdr.Size,
+			Name: ahdr.Name[len(hdr.Name):] + ":$DATA",
+		}
+		err = bw.WriteHeader(&bhdr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		_, err = io.Copy(bw, t)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+}

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/doc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// This package provides utilities for efficiently performing Win32 IO operations in Go.
+// Currently, this package is provides support for genreal IO and management of
+//   - named pipes
+//   - files
+//   - [Hyper-V sockets]
+//
+// This code is similar to Go's [net] package, and uses IO completion ports to avoid
+// blocking IO on system threads, allowing Go to reuse the thread to schedule other goroutines.
+//
+// This limits support to Windows Vista and newer operating systems.
+//
+// Additionally, this package provides support for:
+//   - creating and managing GUIDs
+//   - writing to [ETW]
+//   - opening and manageing VHDs
+//   - parsing [Windows Image files]
+//   - auto-generating Win32 API code
+//
+// [Hyper-V sockets]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/user-guide/make-integration-service
+// [ETW]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/devtest/event-tracing-for-windows--etw-
+// [Windows Image files]: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/manufacture/desktop/work-with-windows-images
+package winio

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/ea.go

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func parseEa(b []byte) (ea ExtendedAttribute, nb []byte, err error) {
 	err = binary.Read(bytes.NewReader(b), binary.LittleEndian, &info)
 	if err != nil {
 		err = errInvalidEaBuffer
-		return
+		return ea, nb, err
 	}
 
 	nameOffset := fileFullEaInformationSize
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func parseEa(b []byte) (ea ExtendedAttribute, nb []byte, err error) {
 	nextOffset := int(info.NextEntryOffset)
 	if valueLen+valueOffset > len(b) || nextOffset < 0 || nextOffset > len(b) {
 		err = errInvalidEaBuffer
-		return
+		return ea, nb, err
 	}
 
 	ea.Name = string(b[nameOffset : nameOffset+nameLen])
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func parseEa(b []byte) (ea ExtendedAttribute, nb []byte, err error) {
 	if info.NextEntryOffset != 0 {
 		nb = b[info.NextEntryOffset:]
 	}
-	return
+	return ea, nb, err
 }
 
 // DecodeExtendedAttributes decodes a list of EAs from a FILE_FULL_EA_INFORMATION
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func DecodeExtendedAttributes(b []byte) (eas []ExtendedAttribute, err error) {
 		eas = append(eas, ea)
 		b = nb
 	}
-	return
+	return eas, err
 }
 
 func writeEa(buf *bytes.Buffer, ea *ExtendedAttribute, last bool) error {

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/file.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+//go:build windows
 // +build windows
 
 package winio
@@ -10,31 +11,15 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
 )
 
-//sys cancelIoEx(file syscall.Handle, o *syscall.Overlapped) (err error) = CancelIoEx
-//sys createIoCompletionPort(file syscall.Handle, port syscall.Handle, key uintptr, threadCount uint32) (newport syscall.Handle, err error) = CreateIoCompletionPort
-//sys getQueuedCompletionStatus(port syscall.Handle, bytes *uint32, key *uintptr, o **ioOperation, timeout uint32) (err error) = GetQueuedCompletionStatus
-//sys setFileCompletionNotificationModes(h syscall.Handle, flags uint8) (err error) = SetFileCompletionNotificationModes
-//sys wsaGetOverlappedResult(h syscall.Handle, o *syscall.Overlapped, bytes *uint32, wait bool, flags *uint32) (err error) = ws2_32.WSAGetOverlappedResult
-
-type atomicBool int32
-
-func (b *atomicBool) isSet() bool { return atomic.LoadInt32((*int32)(b)) != 0 }
-func (b *atomicBool) setFalse()   { atomic.StoreInt32((*int32)(b), 0) }
-func (b *atomicBool) setTrue()    { atomic.StoreInt32((*int32)(b), 1) }
-func (b *atomicBool) swap(new bool) bool {
-	var newInt int32
-	if new {
-		newInt = 1
-	}
-	return atomic.SwapInt32((*int32)(b), newInt) == 1
-}
-
-const (
-	cFILE_SKIP_COMPLETION_PORT_ON_SUCCESS = 1
-	cFILE_SKIP_SET_EVENT_ON_HANDLE        = 2
-)
+//sys cancelIoEx(file windows.Handle, o *windows.Overlapped) (err error) = CancelIoEx
+//sys createIoCompletionPort(file windows.Handle, port windows.Handle, key uintptr, threadCount uint32) (newport windows.Handle, err error) = CreateIoCompletionPort
+//sys getQueuedCompletionStatus(port windows.Handle, bytes *uint32, key *uintptr, o **ioOperation, timeout uint32) (err error) = GetQueuedCompletionStatus
+//sys setFileCompletionNotificationModes(h windows.Handle, flags uint8) (err error) = SetFileCompletionNotificationModes
+//sys wsaGetOverlappedResult(h windows.Handle, o *windows.Overlapped, bytes *uint32, wait bool, flags *uint32) (err error) = ws2_32.WSAGetOverlappedResult
 
 var (
 	ErrFileClosed = errors.New("file has already been closed")
@@ -43,29 +28,29 @@ var (
 
 type timeoutError struct{}
 
-func (e *timeoutError) Error() string   { return "i/o timeout" }
-func (e *timeoutError) Timeout() bool   { return true }
-func (e *timeoutError) Temporary() bool { return true }
+func (*timeoutError) Error() string   { return "i/o timeout" }
+func (*timeoutError) Timeout() bool   { return true }
+func (*timeoutError) Temporary() bool { return true }
 
 type timeoutChan chan struct{}
 
 var ioInitOnce sync.Once
-var ioCompletionPort syscall.Handle
+var ioCompletionPort windows.Handle
 
-// ioResult contains the result of an asynchronous IO operation
+// ioResult contains the result of an asynchronous IO operation.
 type ioResult struct {
 	bytes uint32
 	err   error
 }
 
-// ioOperation represents an outstanding asynchronous Win32 IO
+// ioOperation represents an outstanding asynchronous Win32 IO.
 type ioOperation struct {
-	o  syscall.Overlapped
+	o  windows.Overlapped
 	ch chan ioResult
 }
 
-func initIo() {
-	h, err := createIoCompletionPort(syscall.InvalidHandle, 0, 0, 0xffffffff)
+func initIO() {
+	h, err := createIoCompletionPort(windows.InvalidHandle, 0, 0, 0xffffffff)
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
@@ -76,10 +61,10 @@ func initIo() {
 // win32File implements Reader, Writer, and Closer on a Win32 handle without blocking in a syscall.
 // It takes ownership of this handle and will close it if it is garbage collected.
 type win32File struct {
-	handle        syscall.Handle
+	handle        windows.Handle
 	wg            sync.WaitGroup
 	wgLock        sync.RWMutex
-	closing       atomicBool
+	closing       atomic.Bool
 	socket        bool
 	readDeadline  deadlineHandler
 	writeDeadline deadlineHandler
@@ -90,18 +75,18 @@ type deadlineHandler struct {
 	channel     timeoutChan
 	channelLock sync.RWMutex
 	timer       *time.Timer
-	timedout    atomicBool
+	timedout    atomic.Bool
 }
 
-// makeWin32File makes a new win32File from an existing file handle
-func makeWin32File(h syscall.Handle) (*win32File, error) {
+// makeWin32File makes a new win32File from an existing file handle.
+func makeWin32File(h windows.Handle) (*win32File, error) {
 	f := &win32File{handle: h}
-	ioInitOnce.Do(initIo)
+	ioInitOnce.Do(initIO)
 	_, err := createIoCompletionPort(h, ioCompletionPort, 0, 0xffffffff)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	err = setFileCompletionNotificationModes(h, cFILE_SKIP_COMPLETION_PORT_ON_SUCCESS|cFILE_SKIP_SET_EVENT_ON_HANDLE)
+	err = setFileCompletionNotificationModes(h, windows.FILE_SKIP_COMPLETION_PORT_ON_SUCCESS|windows.FILE_SKIP_SET_EVENT_ON_HANDLE)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -110,7 +95,12 @@ func makeWin32File(h syscall.Handle) (*win32File, error) {
 	return f, nil
 }
 
+// Deprecated: use NewOpenFile instead.
 func MakeOpenFile(h syscall.Handle) (io.ReadWriteCloser, error) {
+	return NewOpenFile(windows.Handle(h))
+}
+
+func NewOpenFile(h windows.Handle) (io.ReadWriteCloser, error) {
 	// If we return the result of makeWin32File directly, it can result in an
 	// interface-wrapped nil, rather than a nil interface value.
 	f, err := makeWin32File(h)
@@ -120,17 +110,17 @@ func MakeOpenFile(h syscall.Handle) (io.ReadWriteCloser, error) {
 	return f, nil
 }
 
-// closeHandle closes the resources associated with a Win32 handle
+// closeHandle closes the resources associated with a Win32 handle.
 func (f *win32File) closeHandle() {
 	f.wgLock.Lock()
 	// Atomically set that we are closing, releasing the resources only once.
-	if !f.closing.swap(true) {
+	if !f.closing.Swap(true) {
 		f.wgLock.Unlock()
 		// cancel all IO and wait for it to complete
-		cancelIoEx(f.handle, nil)
+		_ = cancelIoEx(f.handle, nil)
 		f.wg.Wait()
 		// at this point, no new IO can start
-		syscall.Close(f.handle)
+		windows.Close(f.handle)
 		f.handle = 0
 	} else {
 		f.wgLock.Unlock()
@@ -143,11 +133,16 @@ func (f *win32File) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-// prepareIo prepares for a new IO operation.
+// IsClosed checks if the file has been closed.
+func (f *win32File) IsClosed() bool {
+	return f.closing.Load()
+}
+
+// prepareIO prepares for a new IO operation.
 // The caller must call f.wg.Done() when the IO is finished, prior to Close() returning.
-func (f *win32File) prepareIo() (*ioOperation, error) {
+func (f *win32File) prepareIO() (*ioOperation, error) {
 	f.wgLock.RLock()
-	if f.closing.isSet() {
+	if f.closing.Load() {
 		f.wgLock.RUnlock()
 		return nil, ErrFileClosed
 	}
@@ -158,13 +153,13 @@ func (f *win32File) prepareIo() (*ioOperation, error) {
 	return c, nil
 }
 
-// ioCompletionProcessor processes completed async IOs forever
-func ioCompletionProcessor(h syscall.Handle) {
+// ioCompletionProcessor processes completed async IOs forever.
+func ioCompletionProcessor(h windows.Handle) {
 	for {
 		var bytes uint32
 		var key uintptr
 		var op *ioOperation
-		err := getQueuedCompletionStatus(h, &bytes, &key, &op, syscall.INFINITE)
+		err := getQueuedCompletionStatus(h, &bytes, &key, &op, windows.INFINITE)
 		if op == nil {
 			panic(err)
 		}
@@ -172,15 +167,17 @@ func ioCompletionProcessor(h syscall.Handle) {
 	}
 }
 
-// asyncIo processes the return value from ReadFile or WriteFile, blocking until
+// todo: helsaawy - create an asyncIO version that takes a context
+
+// asyncIO processes the return value from ReadFile or WriteFile, blocking until
 // the operation has actually completed.
-func (f *win32File) asyncIo(c *ioOperation, d *deadlineHandler, bytes uint32, err error) (int, error) {
-	if err != syscall.ERROR_IO_PENDING {
+func (f *win32File) asyncIO(c *ioOperation, d *deadlineHandler, bytes uint32, err error) (int, error) {
+	if err != windows.ERROR_IO_PENDING { //nolint:errorlint // err is Errno
 		return int(bytes), err
 	}
 
-	if f.closing.isSet() {
-		cancelIoEx(f.handle, &c.o)
+	if f.closing.Load() {
+		_ = cancelIoEx(f.handle, &c.o)
 	}
 
 	var timeout timeoutChan
@@ -194,8 +191,8 @@ func (f *win32File) asyncIo(c *ioOperation, d *deadlineHandler, bytes uint32, er
 	select {
 	case r = <-c.ch:
 		err = r.err
-		if err == syscall.ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED {
-			if f.closing.isSet() {
+		if err == windows.ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED { //nolint:errorlint // err is Errno
+			if f.closing.Load() {
 				err = ErrFileClosed
 			}
 		} else if err != nil && f.socket {
@@ -204,10 +201,10 @@ func (f *win32File) asyncIo(c *ioOperation, d *deadlineHandler, bytes uint32, er
 			err = wsaGetOverlappedResult(f.handle, &c.o, &bytes, false, &flags)
 		}
 	case <-timeout:
-		cancelIoEx(f.handle, &c.o)
+		_ = cancelIoEx(f.handle, &c.o)
 		r = <-c.ch
 		err = r.err
-		if err == syscall.ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED {
+		if err == windows.ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED { //nolint:errorlint // err is Errno
 			err = ErrTimeout
 		}
 	}
@@ -215,52 +212,52 @@ func (f *win32File) asyncIo(c *ioOperation, d *deadlineHandler, bytes uint32, er
 	// runtime.KeepAlive is needed, as c is passed via native
 	// code to ioCompletionProcessor, c must remain alive
 	// until the channel read is complete.
+	// todo: (de)allocate *ioOperation via win32 heap functions, instead of needing to KeepAlive?
 	runtime.KeepAlive(c)
 	return int(r.bytes), err
 }
 
 // Read reads from a file handle.
 func (f *win32File) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
-	c, err := f.prepareIo()
+	c, err := f.prepareIO()
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
 	defer f.wg.Done()
 
-	if f.readDeadline.timedout.isSet() {
+	if f.readDeadline.timedout.Load() {
 		return 0, ErrTimeout
 	}
 
 	var bytes uint32
-	err = syscall.ReadFile(f.handle, b, &bytes, &c.o)
-	n, err := f.asyncIo(c, &f.readDeadline, bytes, err)
+	err = windows.ReadFile(f.handle, b, &bytes, &c.o)
+	n, err := f.asyncIO(c, &f.readDeadline, bytes, err)
 	runtime.KeepAlive(b)
 
 	// Handle EOF conditions.
 	if err == nil && n == 0 && len(b) != 0 {
 		return 0, io.EOF
-	} else if err == syscall.ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE {
+	} else if err == windows.ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE { //nolint:errorlint // err is Errno
 		return 0, io.EOF
-	} else {
-		return n, err
 	}
+	return n, err
 }
 
 // Write writes to a file handle.
 func (f *win32File) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
-	c, err := f.prepareIo()
+	c, err := f.prepareIO()
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
 	}
 	defer f.wg.Done()
 
-	if f.writeDeadline.timedout.isSet() {
+	if f.writeDeadline.timedout.Load() {
 		return 0, ErrTimeout
 	}
 
 	var bytes uint32
-	err = syscall.WriteFile(f.handle, b, &bytes, &c.o)
-	n, err := f.asyncIo(c, &f.writeDeadline, bytes, err)
+	err = windows.WriteFile(f.handle, b, &bytes, &c.o)
+	n, err := f.asyncIO(c, &f.writeDeadline, bytes, err)
 	runtime.KeepAlive(b)
 	return n, err
 }
@@ -274,7 +271,7 @@ func (f *win32File) SetWriteDeadline(deadline time.Time) error {
 }
 
 func (f *win32File) Flush() error {
-	return syscall.FlushFileBuffers(f.handle)
+	return windows.FlushFileBuffers(f.handle)
 }
 
 func (f *win32File) Fd() uintptr {
@@ -291,7 +288,7 @@ func (d *deadlineHandler) set(deadline time.Time) error {
 		}
 		d.timer = nil
 	}
-	d.timedout.setFalse()
+	d.timedout.Store(false)
 
 	select {
 	case <-d.channel:
@@ -306,7 +303,7 @@ func (d *deadlineHandler) set(deadline time.Time) error {
 	}
 
 	timeoutIO := func() {
-		d.timedout.setTrue()
+		d.timedout.Store(true)
 		close(d.channel)
 	}
 

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/fileinfo.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+//go:build windows
 // +build windows
 
 package winio
@@ -5,44 +6,83 @@ package winio
 import (
 	"os"
 	"runtime"
-	"syscall"
 	"unsafe"
-)
 
-//sys getFileInformationByHandleEx(h syscall.Handle, class uint32, buffer *byte, size uint32) (err error) = GetFileInformationByHandleEx
-//sys setFileInformationByHandle(h syscall.Handle, class uint32, buffer *byte, size uint32) (err error) = SetFileInformationByHandle
-
-const (
-	fileBasicInfo = 0
-	fileIDInfo    = 0x12
+	"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
 )
 
 // FileBasicInfo contains file access time and file attributes information.
 type FileBasicInfo struct {
-	CreationTime, LastAccessTime, LastWriteTime, ChangeTime syscall.Filetime
+	CreationTime, LastAccessTime, LastWriteTime, ChangeTime windows.Filetime
 	FileAttributes                                          uint32
-	pad                                                     uint32 // padding
+	_                                                       uint32 // padding
+}
+
+// alignedFileBasicInfo is a FileBasicInfo, but aligned to uint64 by containing
+// uint64 rather than windows.Filetime. Filetime contains two uint32s. uint64
+// alignment is necessary to pass this as FILE_BASIC_INFO.
+type alignedFileBasicInfo struct {
+	CreationTime, LastAccessTime, LastWriteTime, ChangeTime uint64
+	FileAttributes                                          uint32
+	_                                                       uint32 // padding
 }
 
 // GetFileBasicInfo retrieves times and attributes for a file.
 func GetFileBasicInfo(f *os.File) (*FileBasicInfo, error) {
-	bi := &FileBasicInfo{}
-	if err := getFileInformationByHandleEx(syscall.Handle(f.Fd()), fileBasicInfo, (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(bi)), uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(*bi))); err != nil {
+	bi := &alignedFileBasicInfo{}
+	if err := windows.GetFileInformationByHandleEx(
+		windows.Handle(f.Fd()),
+		windows.FileBasicInfo,
+		(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(bi)),
+		uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(*bi)),
+	); err != nil {
 		return nil, &os.PathError{Op: "GetFileInformationByHandleEx", Path: f.Name(), Err: err}
 	}
 	runtime.KeepAlive(f)
-	return bi, nil
+	// Reinterpret the alignedFileBasicInfo as a FileBasicInfo so it matches the
+	// public API of this module. The data may be unnecessarily aligned.
+	return (*FileBasicInfo)(unsafe.Pointer(bi)), nil
 }
 
 // SetFileBasicInfo sets times and attributes for a file.
 func SetFileBasicInfo(f *os.File, bi *FileBasicInfo) error {
-	if err := setFileInformationByHandle(syscall.Handle(f.Fd()), fileBasicInfo, (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(bi)), uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(*bi))); err != nil {
+	// Create an alignedFileBasicInfo based on a FileBasicInfo. The copy is
+	// suitable to pass to GetFileInformationByHandleEx.
+	biAligned := *(*alignedFileBasicInfo)(unsafe.Pointer(bi))
+	if err := windows.SetFileInformationByHandle(
+		windows.Handle(f.Fd()),
+		windows.FileBasicInfo,
+		(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&biAligned)),
+		uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(biAligned)),
+	); err != nil {
 		return &os.PathError{Op: "SetFileInformationByHandle", Path: f.Name(), Err: err}
 	}
 	runtime.KeepAlive(f)
 	return nil
 }
 
+// FileStandardInfo contains extended information for the file.
+// FILE_STANDARD_INFO in WinBase.h
+// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winbase/ns-winbase-file_standard_info
+type FileStandardInfo struct {
+	AllocationSize, EndOfFile int64
+	NumberOfLinks             uint32
+	DeletePending, Directory  bool
+}
+
+// GetFileStandardInfo retrieves ended information for the file.
+func GetFileStandardInfo(f *os.File) (*FileStandardInfo, error) {
+	si := &FileStandardInfo{}
+	if err := windows.GetFileInformationByHandleEx(windows.Handle(f.Fd()),
+		windows.FileStandardInfo,
+		(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(si)),
+		uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(*si))); err != nil {
+		return nil, &os.PathError{Op: "GetFileInformationByHandleEx", Path: f.Name(), Err: err}
+	}
+	runtime.KeepAlive(f)
+	return si, nil
+}
+
 // FileIDInfo contains the volume serial number and file ID for a file. This pair should be
 // unique on a system.
 type FileIDInfo struct {
@@ -53,7 +93,12 @@ type FileIDInfo struct {
 // GetFileID retrieves the unique (volume, file ID) pair for a file.
 func GetFileID(f *os.File) (*FileIDInfo, error) {
 	fileID := &FileIDInfo{}
-	if err := getFileInformationByHandleEx(syscall.Handle(f.Fd()), fileIDInfo, (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(fileID)), uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(*fileID))); err != nil {
+	if err := windows.GetFileInformationByHandleEx(
+		windows.Handle(f.Fd()),
+		windows.FileIdInfo,
+		(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(fileID)),
+		uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(*fileID)),
+	); err != nil {
 		return nil, &os.PathError{Op: "GetFileInformationByHandleEx", Path: f.Name(), Err: err}
 	}
 	runtime.KeepAlive(f)

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/go.mod

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-module github.com/Microsoft/go-winio
-
-go 1.12
-
-require (
-	github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1
-	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.4.1
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190507160741-ecd444e8653b
-)

vendor/github.com/Microsoft/go-winio/go.sum

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
-github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
-github.com/konsorten/go-windows-terminal-sequences v1.0.1 h1:mweAR1A6xJ3oS2pRaGiHgQ4OO8tzTaLawm8vnODuwDk=
-github.com/konsorten/go-windows-terminal-sequences v1.0.1/go.mod h1:T0+1ngSBFLxvqU3pZ+m/2kptfBszLMUkC4ZK/EgS/cQ=
-github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1 h1:iURUrRGxPUNPdy5/HRSm+Yj6okJ6UtLINN0Q9M4+h3I=
-github.com/pkg/errors v0.8.1/go.mod h1:bwawxfHBFNV+L2hUp1rHADufV3IMtnDRdf1r5NINEl0=
-github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZbAQM=
-github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
-github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.4.1 h1:GL2rEmy6nsikmW0r8opw9JIRScdMF5hA8cOYLH7In1k=
-github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.4.1/go.mod h1:ni0Sbl8bgC9z8RoU9G6nDWqqs/fq4eDPysMBDgk/93Q=
-github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.1/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.2.2 h1:bSDNvY7ZPG5RlJ8otE/7V6gMiyenm9RtJ7IUVIAoJ1w=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.2.2/go.mod h1:a8OnRcib4nhh0OaRAV+Yts87kKdq0PP7pXfy6kDkUVs=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20180905080454-ebe1bf3edb33/go.mod h1:STP8DvDyc/dI5b8T5hshtkjS+E42TnysNCUPdjciGhY=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190507160741-ecd444e8653b h1:ag/x1USPSsqHud38I9BAC88qdNLDHHtQ4mlgQIZPPNA=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20190507160741-ecd444e8653b/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=